粉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
粉 U+7C89, 粉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C89
← 粈
[U+7C88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粊 →
[U+7C8A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

粉 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火木金尸竹 (FDCSH), four-corner 98927, composition ⿰米分)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26872
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1332, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3143, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7C89

Chinese[edit]

trad. 粉
simp. # 粉

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 粉
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (分) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扮 *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ
盼 *pʰrɯːns
頒 *praːn, *bɯn
朌 *praːn, *bɯn
鳻 *praːn, *bɯn
份 *prɯn, *bɯns
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn
玢 *prɯn
邠 *prɯn
攽 *prɯn
砏 *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn
貧 *brɯn
湓 *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns
盆 *bɯːn
葐 *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn
坌 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
坋 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
分 *pɯn, *bɯns
吩 *pɯn
粉 *pɯnʔ
黺 *pɯnʔ
芬 *pʰɯn
紛 *pʰɯn
衯 *pʰɯn
棻 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
氛 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
雰 *pʰɯn
忿 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ
魵 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
汾 *bɯn
羒 *bɯn
枌 *bɯn
棼 *bɯn
妢 *bɯn
梤 *bɯn
馚 *bɯn
鼢 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
蚡 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
弅 *bɯnʔ
秎 *bɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯnʔ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) – face powder made of rice.

Etymology 1[edit]

The earliest sense is believed to be "face powder". The term is then used for the color of this powder, "white", and later also the color of a face with this cosmetic, "pink". In early modern Chinese, the ancient "face powder" sense is partly reinforced by 粉底 (fěndǐ) (from English foundation). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 粉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方吻切
Baxter pjunX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨunX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piunX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/punX/
Li
Rong 		/piuənX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuənX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 粉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjunX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə.pənʔ/
English flour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 粉
Reading # 1/1
No. 3151
Phonetic
component 		分
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		粉
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯnʔ/

Definitions[edit]

粉

  1. powder
    麵粉是小麥做的粉。 [MSC, trad.]
    面粉是小麦做的粉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Miànfěn shì xiǎomài zuò de fěn. [Pinyin]
    Flour is a powder made from wheat.
    1. face powder
      粉墨登場／粉墨登场  ―  fěnmòdēngchǎng  ―  to go on the stage
    2. flour
    3. (Cantonese, slang) heroin
  2. † (ergative) to powder
    粉碎  ―  fěnsuì  ―  to smash
    粉身碎骨  ―  fěnshēn-suìgǔ  ―  to have one's body smashed to pieces
  3. (color)
    1. (～色) pink
      我把頭髮染成了粉的。 [MSC, trad.]
      我把头发染成了粉的。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ bǎ tóufà rǎn chéng le fěn de. [Pinyin]
      I dyed my hair pink.
    2. ⁜ white
      粉壁  ―  fěnbì  ―  white wall
      粉飾／粉饰  ―  fěnshì  ―  to whitewash
  4. (dialectal) to whitewash
  5. (food)
    1. food made from starch or flour (noodles, vermicelli, etc.)
      粉條／粉条  ―  fěntiáo  ―  Chinese vermicelli
      涼粉／凉粉  ―  liángfěn  ―  grass jelly
      河粉  ―  héfěn  ―  he fen noodles
    2. bean or sweet potato noodles
Usage notes[edit]
  • 粉 (fěn) and 麵／面 (miàn):
    As cereal food, generally 粉 is something made from rice while 麵 is from wheat. But this is not a strict distinction. The two characters are usually not interchangeable when referring to a specific kind of noodles.
Synonyms[edit]
  • (powder):
Dialectal synonyms of 粉 (“powder”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粉
Mandarin Beijing 麵兒
Jinan 麵兒
Xi'an 麵麵兒
Wuhan 粉子
Chengdu 麵麵, 麵子, 粉粉
Yangzhou 粉子, 粉
Hefei 粉
Singapore 粉
Cantonese Guangzhou 粉
Hong Kong 粉
Yangjiang 粉
Singapore (Guangfu) 粉
Gan Nanchang 粉
Hakka Meixian 粉
Jin Taiyuan 麵麵
Northern Min Jian'ou 粉
Eastern Min Fuzhou 粉粉
Southern Min Xiamen 粉
Singapore (Hokkien) 粉
Manila (Hokkien) 粉
Chaozhou 粉
Singapore (Teochew) 粉
Wu Shanghai 粉
Suzhou 粉
Wenzhou 粉
Xiang Changsha 粉子
Shuangfeng 粉子
  • (flour):
Dialectal synonyms of 麵粉 (“(wheat) flour”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 麵粉, 小麥粉, 粉
Mandarin Beijing 白麵, 麵
Taiwan 麵粉
Harbin 白麵, 麵
Yantai (Muping) 麵
Jinan 白麵, 麵
Luoyang 白麵, 麵
Wanrong 麵
Xi'an 麵, 麥麵
Yinchuan 麵
Lanzhou 白麵
Xining 白麵, 麵粉
Ürümqi 白麵, 麵
Wuhan 灰麵, 麵粉
Chengdu 灰麵, 麵粉
Guiyang 灰麵
Guilin 麵粉
Liuzhou 灰麵, 麵粉
Xuzhou 麵粉, 麵, 白麵
Wuhu 灰麵
Yangzhou 乾麵
Nanjing 乾麵, 麵粉
Hefei 灰麵
Singapore 麵粉
Cantonese Guangzhou 麵粉, 灰麵
Hong Kong 麵粉
Dongguan 麵粉
Yangjiang 麵粉
Gan Nanchang 灰麵
Lichuan 麵灰
Pingxiang 灰麵
Hakka Meixian 麵粉, 麥粉
Raoping (Xinfeng) 麵灰
Yudu 麵粉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麵粉
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麵粉
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麵粉
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麵粉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麵粉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麵粉
Huizhou Jixi 灰麵, 麵, 白麵
Jin Taiyuan 麵, 好麵, 白麵
Xinzhou 麵, 好麵
Northern Min Jian'ou 麵灰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 麵粉
Southern Min Xiamen 麵粉
Quanzhou 麵粉
Zhangzhou 麵粉
Taipei 麵粉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 麵粉
Kaohsiung 麵粉
Yilan 麵粉
Changhua (Lukang) 麵粉
Taichung 麵粉
Tainan 麵粉
Hsinchu 麵粉
Kinmen 麵粉
Penghu (Magong) 麵粉
Singapore (Hokkien) 麵粉
Manila (Hokkien) 麵粉
Chaozhou 麵粉, 麵灰
Jieyang 麵粞, 麥粞, 麥粉
Singapore (Teochew) 麵粉
Haikou 麵粉, 麵
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 麵粉
Wu Shanghai 麵粉, 乾麵
Shanghai (Chongming) 乾麵
Suzhou 麵餑, 麵粉
Danyang 麵白, 麵糏
Hangzhou 麵粉
Ningbo 麵粉
Wenzhou 麵粉, 飛麵
Jinhua 飛麵, 麥粉
Xiang Changsha 灰麵
Loudi 灰麵粉
Shuangfeng 灰麵
  • (heroin):
Dialectal synonyms of 海洛因 (“heroin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 海洛因, 海洛英
Mandarin Beijing 白麵兒, 老海
Taiwan 海洛因, 白粉
Luoyang 白麵兒, 老海
Xi'an 白麵兒
Ürümqi 白麵兒
Yangzhou 白麵子
Singapore 白粉
Dagudi (Maliba) 白粉
Reshuitang (Longling) 白粉, 粉藥
Mae Salong (Lancang) 白粉, 粉藥
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 白粉
Cantonese Guangzhou 白粉
Hong Kong 海洛英, 白粉, 粉, 灰, 四仔
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 白粉
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 白粉
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 白粉
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 海洛英
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 白粉
Móng Cái 白粉
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 白粉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 海洛因
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 海洛因
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 海洛因
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 海洛因
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 海洛因
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 海洛因
Senai (Huiyang) 白粉
Jin Taiyuan 料子
Xinzhou 料子
Southern Min Xiamen 海洛因
Singapore (Hokkien) 白粉
Chaozhou 白粉
Shantou 白粉
Jieyang 白粉
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 白粉
Pontianak (Teochew) 下洛因
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 白粉
Wu Danyang 白粉, 白麵
Wenzhou 白粉
  • (pink):
Dialectal synonyms of 粉紅 (“pink”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粉紅, 粉
Mandarin Taiwan 粉紅
Cantonese Hong Kong 粉紅
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 粉紅
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 粉紅, 水紅
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 粉紅
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 粉紅
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 粉紅
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 粉紅
Southern Min Xiamen 水紅
Quanzhou 水紅
Zhangzhou 水紅
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (粉):
  • → Vietnamese: phấn (粉)

Etymology 2[edit]

Short for 粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī), from English fans.

Definitions[edit]

粉

  1. fan; fanatic
    明粉  ―  Míng fěn  ―  fan of the Ming dynasty
    川粉  ―  chuānfěn  ―  fan of Donald Trump
    米粉  ―  mǐfěn  ―  fan of Xiaomi
  2. (Internet, neologism, slang) follower on a social media platform; subscriber
  3. (transitive) to be a fan of (a person, a group, etc.); to admire

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

粉

Kyūjitai

粉

Kanji[edit]

粉

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. powder

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
粉
こ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

⟨ko1⟩ → */kwo/ → /ko/

From Old Japanese.[1] Used phonetically to spell ko in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

粉(こ) • (ko) 

  1. [from 759] powder
  2. [from 759] flour
Usage notes[edit]

This reading remains in compounds and in certain set phrases. Use as a standalone noun began disappearing from the late 1600s in preference for the bisyllabic, and less ambiguous, kona reading.[1]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
粉
こな
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Appears to be 粉 (ko, “powder”, see above) +‎ な (-na, suffixing element, meaning unclear).[5]

First cited to 1683.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

粉(こな) • (kona) 

  1. [from 1683] powder
  2. [from 1683] flour
Usage notes[edit]

This reading began to replace the monosyllabic ko reading from the late 1600s, likely due to sound shifts and the resulting ambiguity of monosyllabic words. Compare also ancient 足 (a) and modern 足 (ashi), ancient 羽 (ha) and modern 羽 (hane).[1]

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 997:
    , text here
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 粉 (MC pjunX). Recorded as Middle Korean 분〮 (pwún) (Yale: pwún) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (powder; etc.):
  • (in 분홍 (粉紅, bunhong)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

粉 (eumhun 가루 분 (garu bun))

  1. Hanja form? of 분 (“powder”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

粉: Hán Nôm readings: phấn[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of phấn (“powder”).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=粉&oldid=78660433"