tough
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).
Cognates
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
tough (comparative tougher, superlative toughest)
- (of a material) Strong and resilient; sturdy.
- The tent, made of tough canvas, held up to many abuses.
- (of food) Difficult to cut or chew.
- To soften a tough cut of meat, the recipe suggested simmering it for hours.
- (of a person or animal) Rugged or physically hardy.
- Only a tough species will survive in the desert.
- 2010, Brian Lovett, Hunting Tough Turkeys, Stackpole Books, page 3:
- But before you quit turkey hunting and take up model-train collecting, let me give you the good news: you can score on tough turkeys. In fact, you can kill the toughest turkey in the woods.
- (of a person) Stubborn or persistent; capable of stubbornness or persistence.
- He had a reputation as a tough negotiator.
- (of weather, etc.) Harsh or severe.
- Rowdy or rough.
- A bunch of the tough boys from the wrong side of the tracks threatened him.
- (of questions, etc.) Difficult or demanding.
- This is a tough crowd.
- 1998, Lois Liederman Davitz, Joel Robert Davitz, 20 Tough Questions Teenagers Ask and 20 Tough Answers, Paulist Press, pages 6-7,
- But let's get back to the tough question about sex before marriage. And this is a tough question. In fact we would rank the question you've both raised as pretty high on our list of tough questions.
- 2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Earth:
- Anderson: We fought hard to get here. But now the toughest part of our mission begins.
Anderson: We've got to drive right through the heart of Reaper-controlled territory, break past their defenses, and get to that beacon.
- 2010, Rushworth M. Kidder, Good Kids, Tough Choices, Wiley (Jossey-Bass), page 96,
- What Lara faced, in fact, falls right into the pool of light beneath our second lens: making tough choices.
- (material science) Undergoing plastic deformation before breaking.
- Strict, not lenient.
- tough on crime
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from tough (adjective)
- do it tough
- hang tough
- semitough
- supertough
- tough act to follow
- tough as nails
- tough as old boots
- tough as teak
- tough bananas
- tough break
- tough-cake
- tough call
- tough case
- tough cookie
- tough cookies
- tough crowd
- toughen
- tough going
- tough-guy
- tough guy
- tough-guyness
- toughie
- toughish
- tough love
- tough-love
- tough luck
- toughly
- tough-minded
- toughness
- tough nut
- tough nut to crack
- tough on crime
- tough pill to swallow
- tough-pitch
- tough road to hoe
- tough row to hoe
- tough sell
- tough shit
- tough-skinned
- tough sledding
- tough tacos
- tough tarts
- tough times
- tough titties
- tough titty
- tough titty said the kitty
- tough toodles
- tough tooshie
- tough tuchus
- tough tushie
- toughy
- ultratough
- when the going gets tough, the tough get going
Translations[edit]
resilient — see resilient
difficult to chew
|
rugged or physically hardy
|
stubborn — see stubborn
harsh or severe
|
rowdy or rough
|
difficult or demanding
|
material science: undergoing plastic deformation before breaking
Interjection[edit]
tough
- (slang) Used to indicate lack of sympathy
- If you don't like it, tough!
Translations[edit]
lack of sympathy
Noun[edit]
tough (plural toughs)
- A person who obtains things by force; a thug or bully.
- They were doing fine until they encountered a bunch of toughs from the opposition.
- 2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 54:
- He was in his early fifties, extensively tattooed, just the sort of tough I wouldn't want to meet alone in a parking lot at night, but right then he was whimpering.
Translations[edit]
one who obtains things by force
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Verb[edit]
tough (third-person singular simple present toughs, present participle toughing, simple past and past participle toughed)
- To endure.
- 2009, Paul Walsh, You and I and Others, →ISBN, pages 64 - 65:
- We shall reminisce on how we toughed it through the winters as they reached the firm, long arm around to give the cold embrace, with ardor seldom loosed till warm winds Marched or Apriled in to soften winter's knuckles -- send rivulets of courage down to dandelions and tulips.
- 2011, Henry David Thoreau, Damion Searls, The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, 1837-1861, →ISBN, page 254:
- “No,” said Minott, “I've toughed it through the winter, and i want to stay and hear the bluebirds once more.
- 2012, Jerry Hopkins -, Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat, →ISBN:
- Universal Plant Edibility Test The following sounds like a lot of work—it is!—but that's because it comes from the US Army Survival Manual as republished in 1994 as "a civilian's best guide for toughing it, anyplace in the world...a must for campers, hikers, explorers, pilots, and others whose vocation or avocations require familiarity with the wilderness or out-of-doors..."
- To toughen.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
endure — see endure
toughen — see toughen
Anagrams[edit]
German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from English tough; see also German taff.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
tough (strong nominative masculine singular tougher, comparative tougher, superlative am toughsten or am toughesten)
Declension[edit]
Positive forms of tough
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist tough | sie ist tough | es ist tough | sie sind tough | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | tougher | toughe | toughes | toughe |
| genitive | toughen | tougher | toughen | tougher | |
| dative | toughem | tougher | toughem | toughen | |
| accusative | toughen | toughe | toughes | toughe | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der toughe | die toughe | das toughe | die toughen |
| genitive | des toughen | der toughen | des toughen | der toughen | |
| dative | dem toughen | der toughen | dem toughen | den toughen | |
| accusative | den toughen | die toughe | das toughe | die toughen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein tougher | eine toughe | ein toughes | (keine) toughen |
| genitive | eines toughen | einer toughen | eines toughen | (keiner) toughen | |
| dative | einem toughen | einer toughen | einem toughen | (keinen) toughen | |
| accusative | einen toughen | eine toughe | ein toughes | (keine) toughen | |
Comparative forms of tough
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist tougher | sie ist tougher | es ist tougher | sie sind tougher | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | tougherer | toughere | tougheres | toughere |
| genitive | tougheren | tougherer | tougheren | tougherer | |
| dative | tougherem | tougherer | tougherem | tougheren | |
| accusative | tougheren | toughere | tougheres | toughere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der toughere | die toughere | das toughere | die tougheren |
| genitive | des tougheren | der tougheren | des tougheren | der tougheren | |
| dative | dem tougheren | der tougheren | dem tougheren | den tougheren | |
| accusative | den tougheren | die toughere | das toughere | die tougheren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein tougherer | eine toughere | ein tougheres | (keine) tougheren |
| genitive | eines tougheren | einer tougheren | eines tougheren | (keiner) tougheren | |
| dative | einem tougheren | einer tougheren | einem tougheren | (keinen) tougheren | |
| accusative | einen tougheren | eine toughere | ein tougheres | (keine) tougheren | |
Superlative forms of tough
Further reading[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Noun[edit]
tough
- Alternative form of tow
Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *denḱ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌf
- Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English interjections
- English slang
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English verbs
- German terms borrowed from English
- German terms derived from English
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German slang
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns