West Damar language
West Damar | |
---|---|
North Damar | |
Damar Batumerah | |
Native to | Indonesia |
Region | Maluku Islands |
Native speakers | (800 cited 1987)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | drn |
Glottolog | west2548 |
West Damar, or North Damar, is an Austronesian language of Damar Island, one of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. In spite of rather low cognacy rates with its neighboring languages,[2] it can be classified as part of the Babar languages based on qualitative evidence.[3]
It is only spoken in the village of Batumerah,[4] located on the north-western part of Damar.
Phonology[edit]
The consonant inventory of West Damar is as follows:[5]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | |
voiced | (b) | d | (ɡ) | |||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Fricative | s | x | h | |||
Trill | r | |||||
Lateral | l | |||||
Approximant | w | j |
- Sounds /b ɡ/ only occur in loanwords from Indonesian. /ŋ/ also mostly, but not exclusively, appears in loanwords.
The vowel inventory of West Damar is simply /a e i o u/.
Vocabulary[edit]
Vocabulary list:[4]
West Damar | Indonesian | English |
---|---|---|
odo | saya | I |
ede | engkau | you (sing.) |
idi | dia | he, she |
itito | kita | we (incl.) |
odomo | kami | we (exc.) |
edmi | kamu | you (pl.) |
idiro | mereka | they |
mehno | satu | one |
wyeru | dua | two |
wyetteli | tiga | three |
wyoto | empat | four |
wilimo | lima | five |
wyenamo | enam | six |
witi | tujuh | seven |
way | delapan | eight |
wisi | sembilan | nine |
uswuti | sepuluh | ten |
ulkona | kepala | head |
lima | tangan | hand |
eya | kaki | foot |
Sample sentences[edit]
Ede mpondai? - Are you ill?
E’e, odo ulkonacheni nchepondo. - Yes, I have a headache.
Wohleyo Binayani idihe hulchupondeheti wohleyo Ahehendini - The mountain Binaya is the highest at the Seram island.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ West Damar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Mark Taber. 1993. Toward a better understanding of the Indigenous Languages of Southwestern Maluku. Oceanic Linguistics 32. 389-441.
- ^ Aone van Engelenhoven. 2010. Tentatively locating West-Damar among the languages of Southwest Maluku. In Chlenova, Svetlana and Fedorchuk, Artem (eds.), Studia Anthropologica: a Festschrift in Honor of Michael Chlenov, 297-326. Moscow-Jerusalem: Gesharim.
- ^ a b "West Damar Language or Damar-Batumerah, an Isolate in South-Eastern Indonesia" (PDF). 2015-05-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
- ^ Chlenova, Svetlana. "Preliminary Grammatical Notes on Damar Batumerah or West Damar, a Language of Southwest Maluku". In Yury Lander; Alexander Ogloblin (eds.). Language and Text in the Austronesian World: Studies in honor of Ülo Sirk. München: Lincom. pp. 163–177.
Further reading[edit]
- Michael Chlenov & Svetlana Chlenova, 2006. "West Damar language or Damar-Batumerah, an isolate in South-Eastern Indonesia." Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Palawan, Philippines.[1]
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