Portal:Romania

The Romania Portal Flag Coat of arms Location At the confluence of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people (2023). Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanisation by the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania. In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy. Romania is a high-income country, with a very high Human Development Index and a highly complex economy, that is emerging to be a middle power in international affairs. Romania ranked 47th in the Global Innovation Index in 2023. Its economy ranks among the fastest growing in the European Union, being the world's 41th largest by nominal GDP, and the 35th largest by PPP. Romanian citizens enjoy one of the fastest and cheapest internet speeds in the world. Romania experienced rapid economic growth in the early 2000s; its economy is now based predominantly on services. It is a producer and net exporter of cars and electric energy through companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. The majority of Romania's population are ethnic Romanians and religiously identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a Romance language (more specifically Eastern Romance). Romania is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Schengen Area, NATO, the Council of Europe, BSEC and WTO. (Full article...) Good article - Entries here consist of Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards. "Rampampam" is a song by Romanian singer and songwriter Minelli, released for digital download and streaming by Global Records on 18 March 2021 as a single. A house track, it was written by Minelli and produced by Viky Red. Lyrically, Minelli discusses a toxic relationship and the other partner's eventual revengeful feelings. Manuel Probst of Dance Charts gave the song a positive review upon release, praising its catchiness and Minelli's vocal delivery. Commercially, "Rampampam" topped the official rankings in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Lithuania and Russia. The song has been further certified double platinum by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (ZPAV). To promote "Rampampam", an accompanying music video was uploaded to the singer's YouTube channel simultaneously with the single's digital release. Directed by Kobzzon, it portrays Minelli and two other women pouring gasoline on a car which features a man trapped inside. The singer further performed the song on Romanian and Bulgarian radio stations throughout May and June 2021, respectively. (Full article...) The Romanian Air Corps or Aviation Corps (RAC) (Romanian: Corpul de Aviație) was the air arm of the Romanian army until the formation of the Romanian Air Force. It was established on 1 April 1913 as the Military Aeronautics Service (Serviciul de Aeronautică Militară) and subordinated to the Engineer Inspectorate, being organized in two branches – the aviation and the balloon branch. On 23 August 1915, the RAC was formed as an independent military arm and operated until 1 January 1924 when it became an equal to the Army and Navy, being redesignated as the Royal Romanian Air Force (Aeronautica Regală Română). In 1913, the newly established Military Aeronautics Service participated in the Second Balkan War. Being organized in two sections, the Aeronautics Service carried out reconnaissance, liaison and leaflet dropping missions over Bulgaria. (Full article...) "Un Momento" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna featuring Spanish singer and rapper Juan Magán. It was released as the third single from her second studio album, I Am the Club Rocker (2011), on 18 July 2011. The track was written and produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac, Radu Bolfea and Marcel Botezan, along with additional production from Magán. "Un Momento" has been described as flamenco–influenced, with acoustic guitar instrumentation. The recording is bilingual, with lyrics written in both English and Spanish language. The track was received favorably, with music critics praising its catchiness and summery style. To promote "Un Momento", an accompanying music video was shot by Alex Herron in late July 2011 and uploaded onto Inna's YouTube channel on 9 August 2011 to positive responses. She further promoted the recording through live performances, including two at the World Trade Center Mexico City in 2012 and 2016. Commercially, "Un Momento" reached the top 20 in Slovakia, Turkey and Romania. (Full article...) Romania competed at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, held between 7–16 March 2014. This was Romania's second appearance at a Winter Paralympic Games. The Romanian delegation consisted of one alpine skier, Laura Valeanu, who finished fifth in the slalom and seventh in the giant slalom. (Full article...) An Unforgettable Summer (French: Un été inoubliable; Romanian: O vară de neuitat) is a 1994 drama film directed and produced by Lucian Pintilie. A Romanian-French co-production based on a chapter from a novel by Petru Dumitriu, it stars Kristin Scott Thomas as Hungarian-born aristocrat Marie-Thérèse Von Debretsy. Her marriage with Romanian Land Forces captain Petre Dumitriu brings her to Southern Dobruja (present-day northeastern Bulgaria), where they settle in 1925. There, she witnesses first-hand the violent clashes between, on one hand, the Greater Romanian administration, and, on the other, komitadji brigands of Macedonian origin and ethnic Bulgarian locals. The film shows her failed attempt to rescue Bulgarians held hostage by the Romanian soldiers, and who are destined for execution. An Unforgettable Summer also stars Claudiu Bleonț as Captain Dumitriu and Marcel Iureș as Ipsilanti, a general whose unsuccessful attempt to seduce Von Debretsy and the resulting grudge he holds against the couple account for Dumitriu's reassignment. Completed in the context of the Yugoslav wars, the film constitutes an investigation into the consequences of xenophobia and state-sanctioned repression, as well as an indictment of a failure in reaching out. It is thus often described as a verdict on the history of Romania, as well as on problems facing the Balkans at large, and occasionally described as a warning that violence could also erupt in a purely Romanian context. (Full article...) Ioan Constantin Filitti (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈo̯aŋ konstanˈtin fiˈliti]; first name also Ion; Francized Jean C. Filitti; May 8, 1879 – September 21, 1945) was a Romanian historian, diplomat and conservative theorist, best remembered for his contribution to social history, legal history, genealogy and heraldry. A member of the Conservative Party and an assistant of its senior leader Titu Maiorescu, he had aristocratic (boyar) origins and an elitist perspective. Among his diverse contributions, several focus on 19th-century modernization under the Regulamentul Organic regime, during which Romania was ruled upon by the Russian Empire. As a historian, Filitti is noted for his perfectionism, and for constantly revising his own works. I. C. Filitti had an auspicious debut in diplomacy and politics, but his career was mired in controversy. A "Germanophile" by the start of World War I, he secretly opposed the pact between Romania and the Entente Powers, and opted to stay behind in German-occupied territory. He fell into disgrace for serving the collaborationist Lupu Kostaki as Prefect and head of the National Theater, although he eventually managed to overturn his death sentence for treason. Filitti became a recluse, focusing on his scholarship and press polemics, but was allowed to serve on the Legislative Council after 1926. (Full article...) "Rendez Vous" is a song recorded by Romanian recording artist Inna for her eponymous and fourth studio album (2015) and its Japanese version Body and the Sun (2015). It was made available for digital download as a single on 12 February 2016 through Roton. The song makes use of a sample of Mr. President's "Coco Jamboo" (1996), resulting in writing credits for its composers Rainer Gaffrey, Kai Matthiesen and Delroy Rennalls. "Rendez Vous" was written by Ilsey Juber, Andreas Schuller and Thomas Troelsen, and produced by Troelsen and Schuller under the name Axident. Musically, the mid-tempo song contains acoustic elements and Eurodance influences in its refrain, with Inna singing about meeting the man she loved in the summer. "Rendez Vous" received praise for its production from one music critic. A staff at Billboard listed the track at number two on his list of favorite songs of 2016. An accompanying music video for "Rendez Vous" was uploaded onto Inna's official YouTube channel on 4 February 2016. It was shot by Michael Abt and John Perez in Costa Rica in 2015, showing the singer at the beach. Commercially, the recording peaked at number 45 in Romania, number 12 in Poland and topped the latter country's dance component chart. It was also certified Gold by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (ZPAV) for selling 10,000 units in Poland. (Full article...) 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (Romanian: 4 luni, 3 săptămâni și 2 zile) is a 2007 Romanian art film written and directed by Cristian Mungiu and starring Anamaria Marinca, Laura Vasiliu, and Vlad Ivanov. The film is set in Communist Romania in the final years of the Nicolae Ceaușescu era. It tells the story of two students, roommates in a university dormitory, who try to procure an illegal abortion. Inspired by an anecdote from the period and the general social historic context, it depicts the loyalty of the two friends and the struggles they face. Mungiu and cinematographer Oleg Mutu shot it in Bucharest and other Romanian locations in 2006. After making its world premiere at Cannes, 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days made its Romanian debut on 1 June 2007, at the Transilvania International Film Festival. It opened to critical acclaim, and was noted for its minimalism and intense themes. (Full article...) Duke Ladislaus (left) at the Battle of Kerlés The Battle of Kerlés (Hungarian: kerlési csata) also known as the Battle of Cserhalom (Hungarian: cserhalmi csata), was an engagement between an army of Pechenegs and Ouzes commanded by Osul and the troops of King Solomon of Hungary and his cousins, Dukes Géza and Ladislaus, in Transylvania in 1068. The Pechenegs had been the dominant power of the westernmost regions of the Eurasian steppes since around 895. However, large Pecheneg groups moved to the Balkan Peninsula at the same time as the westward migration of the Ouzes and Cumans in the 1040s. The first recorded Pecheneg invasion of Transylvania occurred during the reign of Stephen I of Hungary (r. 997–1038). In 1068, the invaders broke into Transylvania through the passes of the Carpathian Mountains. Archaeological finds suggest that they destroyed at least three fortresses made of earth and timber, including the ones at Doboka (now Dăbâca in Romania) and Sajósárvár (present-day Șirioara). They also made a plundering raid in the Nyírség region, to the west of Transylvania. After taking much booty, they planned to leave Hungary, but the Hungarians ambushed and annihilated them at a hill near Doboka. According to a popular legend, a "Cuman" warrior tried to escape from the battlefield, taking a Hungarian girl, but Duke Ladislaus defeated and killed him in single combat. (Full article...) Hot is the debut studio album by Romanian singer Inna, released on 4 August 2009 by Magic Records. Inna collaborated on the record with Romanian trio Play & Win, who entirely wrote, produced and arranged Hot at their Play & Win Studios in Constanța, Romania. It was described as an electronic dance music (EDM) album, with influences varying from trance, electro house and techno to Hi-NRG, synth-pop and chillout. Lyrically, Hot deals with love themes. Music critics gave the album positive to mixed reviews, praising the danceable style but criticizing its lack of innovation. At the 2010 Romanian Music Awards, Hot won in the Best Album category, while also receiving an award at the 2011 Radio România Actualităţi Awards in the Pop/Dance Album of the Year section. As of December 2011, the record has sold 500,000 copies worldwide, with revenue amounting to €8 million from sales and accompanying concert tours. Commercially, it experienced success in Europe, peaking within the top 20 in multiple countries. Hot was also awarded Gold and Platinum certifications in Romania and France, respectively. It was aided by the release of five singles, "Hot" (2008), "Love" (2009), "Déjà Vu" (2009), "Amazing" (2009) and "10 Minutes" (2010), which achieved success on record charts. "Hot" and "Amazing" were both number ones in Romania. Inna performed over 200 concerts to promote the album. (Full article...) Mateiu Ion Caragiale (Romanian: [maˈtej iˈon karaˈdʒjale]; March 25 [O.S. March 12] 1885 – January 17, 1936), also credited as Matei or Matheiu, or in the antiquated version Mateiŭ, was a Romanian poet and prose writer, best known for his novel Craii de Curtea-Veche, which portrays the milieu of boyar descendants before and after World War I. Caragiale's style, associated with Symbolism, the Decadent movement of the fin de siècle, and early modernism, was an original element in the Romanian literature of the interwar period. In other late contributions, Caragiale pioneered detective fiction locally, but there is disagreement over whether his work in the field produced a complete narrative or just fragments. The scarcity of writings he left is contrasted by their critical acclaim and a large, mostly posthumous, following, commonly known as mateists. Also known as an amateur heraldist and graphic artist, the young Caragiale published his works sporadically, seeking instead to impose himself in politics and pursuing a career in the civil service. He was associated with the Conservative-Democratic Party, and then the People's League, and ultimately raised controversy by supporting the Central Powers during their occupation of Romania. He afterwards focused on literature, and, during the late 1920s and early 1930s, published most of his prose texts in the magazine Gândirea. (Full article...) Anonymous sketch of Bogdan-Pitești, 1917 (signed Correggio) Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești (Romanian pronunciation: [alekˈsandru boɡˈdan piˈteʃtʲ]; born Alexandru Bogdan, also known as Ion Doican, Ion Duican and Al. Dodan; June 13, 1870 – May 12, 1922) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, essayist, and art and literary critic, who was also known as a journalist and left-wing political agitator. A wealthy landowner, he invested his fortune in patronage and art collecting, becoming one of the main local promoters of modern art, and a sponsor of the Romanian Symbolist movement. Together with other Post-Impressionist and Symbolist cultural figures, Bogdan-Pitești established Societatea Ileana, which was one of the first Romanian associations dedicated to promoting the avant-garde and independent art. He was also noted for his friendship with the writers Joris-Karl Huysmans, Alexandru Macedonski, Tudor Arghezi and Mateiu Caragiale, as well as for sponsoring, among others, the painters Ștefan Luchian, Constantin Artachino and Nicolae Vermont. In addition to his literary and political activities, Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești was himself a painter and graphic artist. Much of Bogdan-Pitești's controversial political career, inaugurated by his support for anarchism, was dedicated to activism and support for revolution. He also had an interest in the occult, and maintained close contacts with Joséphin "Sâr" Péladan—sponsoring Péladan's journey to Bucharest (1898). He was detained by the authorities at various intervals, including an arrest for sedition during the 1899 election, and was later found guilty of having blackmailed the banker Aristide Blank. Late in his life, he led Seara, a Germanophile daily, as well as a literary and political circle which came to oppose Romania's entry into World War I on the Entente Powers' side. He was arrested one final time upon the end of the war, by which time he had become the object of public hatred. The enduring mysteries and contradictions of Bogdan-Pitești's career have since drawn interest from several generations of art and literary historians. (Full article...) Lupu in 2012 Radu Lupu CBE (30 November 1945 – 17 April 2022) was a Romanian pianist. He was widely recognized as one of the greatest pianists of his time. Born in Galați, Romania, Lupu began studying piano at the age of six. Two of his major piano teachers were Florica Musicescu, who also taught Dinu Lipatti, and Heinrich Neuhaus, who also taught Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels. From 1966 to 1969, he won three of the world's most prestigious piano competitions: the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (1966), the George Enescu International Piano Competition (1967), and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition (1969). These victories launched Lupu's international career, and he appeared with all of the major orchestras and at all of the major festivals and music capitals of the world. (Full article...) "De la capăt" (Romanian for 'From the beginning'; cfr. "da capo") is a song recorded by Romanian group Voltaj for their tenth studio album X (2016). It was made available as a single for digital download on 31 October 2014 by Cat Music and Voltz Media. A Romanian song, two other versions were released eventually—"De la capăt (All Over Again)" in Romanian and English, and "All Over Again" fully in English. "De la capăt (All Over Again)" was written by band members Călin Goia, Gabriel Constantin and Adrian Cristescu with Silviu Marian Păduraru and Victor Răzvan Alstani, while music was composed by the aforementioned alongside Monica-Ana Stevens and Andrei-Mădalin Leonte. "De la capăt" has been described as an indie pop rock and soft rock song, and is a manifesto raising awareness for children whose parents have left them behind to work abroad. "De la capăt (All Over Again)" represented Romania in the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna, Austria after winning the pre-selection show Selecția Națională. The country went on to reach 15th place in a field of 26, scoring a total of 35 points. During Voltaj's minimalistic and mostly black-and-white show, the stage was scattered with multiple suitcases while excerpts from the music video were shown on the background LED screen. "De la capăt" received mixed reviews from music critics, with praise for the song's message and lyrics, as well as for band soloist Goia's vocal delivery. Observers have compared the track to "I Could Sing of Your Love Forever" (1995) by Delirious?. It won in the Best Pop Rock Song category at the 2015 Radio România Actualități Awards. (Full article...) "Alcohol You" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Roxen, digitally released on 21 February 2020 by Global Records. It was written by Ionuț Armaș and Breyan Isaac, while Viky Red solely handed its production. "Alcohol You" emerged as the winner of Selecția Națională 2020 and was thus scheduled to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 before the event's cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic in China and its spread to other countries. Roxen had previously been internally selected at the country's representative by Romanian Television (TVR). Musically, the track is a ballad that discusses emotions such as sadness, despair, hope and nostalgia, as well as finding inner peace. It has a minimalistic and Billie Eilish-inspired production. "Alcohol You" was generally well received by music critics upon release, receiving praise for its lyrics and Roxen's vocal delivery. To promote the song, a lyric video was uploaded to YouTube simultaneously with the track's digital availability. Directed by Bogdan Păun, Roxen is shown in front of a neon sketch of herself alongside light and smoke effects. Additionally, the singer performed "Alcohol You" on the native talk show La Măruță and radio station Virgin in February and March 2020, respectively. (Full article...) Selected article - Căile Ferate Române (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkə.ile feˈrate roˈmɨne]; abbreviated as the CFR) was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. As of 2014, the railway network of Romania consists of 10,777 km (6,697 mi), of which 4,029 km (2,504 mi) (37.4%) are electrified. The total track length is 22,247 km (13,824 mi), of which 8,585 km (5,334 mi) (38.5%) are electrified. The CIA World Factbook lists Romania with the 23rd largest railway network in the world. The network is significantly interconnected with other European railway networks, providing pan-European passenger and freight services. CFR as an entity has been operating since 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR is divided into four autonomous companies: CFR Călători, responsible for passenger services; CFR Marfă, responsible for freight transport; Compania Națională de Căi Ferate CFR, manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and Societatea Feroviară de Turism, or SFT, which manages scenic and tourist railways. CFR is headquartered in Bucharest and has regional divisions centered in Bucharest, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Iași, and Timișoara. Its International Union of Railways code is 53-CFR. (Full article...) List of selected articles Romanian cuisine Marie of Romania Yugoslav monitor Vardar Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains Foundation of Wallachia Panait Cerna Romania in the Middle Ages Timișoara Ion Heliade Rădulescu Regulamentul Organic Yugoslav monitor Sava Vampire History of the flags of Romania Sviatoslav I of Kiev Origin of the Romanians Port of Constanța Ciomadul Romanian language Romania national football team Carpathian Mountains Romanian Revolution Bucharest Kingdom of Romania Timișoara Iași Constanța Craiova Greater Romania COVID-19 pandemic in Romania 1944 Romanian coup d'état Romania in World War II Religion in Romania Highways in Romania Romania in World War I Romanian Orthodox Church LGBT rights in Romania Transylvania Arad, Romania Unification of Moldova and Romania Romani people in Romania Carol I of Romania Pitești Prison Romanian wine Early Modern Romania Slavery in Romania National Liberal Party (Romania) Origin of the Romanians Symbolist movement in Romania Henri Coandă International Airport Wallachia Dacia Logan Dacia Sandero Dacia Duster Automotive industry in Romania Selected biography - Ambras Castle portrait of Vlad III (c. 1560), reputedly a copy of an original made during his lifetime Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler (Romanian: Vlad Țepeș [ˈvlad ˈtsepeʃ]) or Vlad Dracula (/ˈdrækjʊlə, -jə-/; Romanian: Vlad Drăculea [ˈdrəkule̯a]; 1428/31 – 1476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death in 1476/77. He is often considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian history and a national hero of Romania. He was the second son of Vlad Dracul, who became the ruler of Wallachia in 1436. Vlad and his younger brother, Radu, were held as hostages in the Ottoman Empire in 1442 to secure their father's loyalty. Vlad's eldest brother Mircea and their father were murdered after John Hunyadi, regent-governor of Hungary, invaded Wallachia in 1447. Hunyadi installed Vlad's second cousin, Vladislav II, as the new voivode. Hunyadi launched a military campaign against the Ottomans in the autumn of 1448, and Vladislav accompanied him. Vlad broke into Wallachia with Ottoman support in October, but Vladislav returned, and Vlad sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire before the end of the year. Vlad went to Moldavia in 1449 or 1450 and later to Hungary. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Sebastian Stan Elisabeth of Romania Nadia Comăneci Brassaï Cosmin Contra Saul Steinberg Ana Pauker Ion Țiriac Irina-Camelia Begu Jacob L. Moreno Laura Codruța Kövesi Alexandru Maxim Haiducii Horia Sima Ecaterina Teodoroiu Nicolae Ceaușescu Tamara Tchinarova Klaus Iohannis Mihail Sadoveanu Cristina Neagu Ion Mihai Pacepa Liviu Dragnea Anna Lesko Nicu Vlad Gabriela Firea Corneliu Coposu Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Maia Morgenstern Tudor Gheorghe Sorana Cîrstea Ioan Petru Culianu Elena Gheorghe Benjamin Fondane Viorica Dăncilă Jean Negulesco Smiley (singer) Prince Radu of Romania Loredana Groza Miodrag Belodedici Elena Ceaușescu Dinu Lipatti Ecaterina Szabo Emil Constantinescu Mădălina Diana Ghenea George Enescu Andreea Diaconu Ion Luca Caragiale Ana Bogdan Ferdinand I of Romania Daniela Silivaș George Emil Palade Related portals Selected picture A detailed topographical map of Romania Did you know (auto generated) ... that N. Porsenna, who translated The Ballad of Reading Gaol into Romanian, spent seven years in communist prisons? ... that Gagauz politician Dumitru Topciu was mocked by his colleagues in the Romanian Assembly of Deputies for speaking Romanian with a "boorish accent"? ... that writer I. C. Vissarion was sentenced to death during the 1907 Romanian peasants' revolt, after it was alleged that he had created homemade bombs? ... that Bessarabian legislator Anton Novakov, who was absent when his colleagues voted on union with Romania, sued the Romanian state for land benefits they had received for voting in favor? ... that the tanker MV Millennial Spirit sailed under a Moldovan flag, was crewed entirely by Russians, and was mistaken for a Romanian ship? ... that Soviet politician Pavel Chioru wanted "Moldovan", which he developed from a dialect of Romanian, to serve as a language of the "exploited" against the supposedly upper-class Romanian? More did you know ...that Romania joined the EU on 1 January 2007? General images The following are images from various Romania-related articles on Wikipedia. Vasile Alecsandri (from Culture of Romania) First Bulgarian Empire (from History of Romania) Map of Romania after World War II indicating lost territories (from History of Romania) Nicolae Grigorescu (from Culture of Romania) George Barițiu (from Culture of Romania) Neacșu's letter is the oldest surviving document written in Romanian. (from Culture of Romania) Ștefan Luchian (from Culture of Romania) Ion Creangă (from Culture of Romania) Romania after the territorial losses of 1940. The recovery of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the catalyst for Romania's entry into the war on Germany's side. (from History of Romania) Romania map of Köppen climate classification, according with Clima României from the Administrația Națională de Meteorologie, Bucharest 2008 (from Geography of Romania) Votive stele representing Bendis wearing a Dacian cap (British Museum) (from History of Romania) The legend map showing Burebista's campaigns (from History of Romania) The comprehensive map detailing the approximate lands inhabited by the Getae according to Strabo's accounts (from History of Romania) Geto-Dacian Koson, mid 1st century BC (from History of Romania) Romania has seen its largest waves of protests against judicial reform ordinances of the PSD-ALDE coalition during the 2017–2019 Romanian protests. (from History of Romania) Bran Castle (German: Törzburg, Hungarian: Törcsvár) built in 1212, is commonly known as Dracula's Castle and is situated in the centre of present-day Romania. In addition to its unique architecture, the castle is famous because of persistent myths that it was once the home of Vlad III Dracula. (from History of Romania) The medieval and picturesque Transylvanian Saxon town of Sighișoara (Hungarian: Segesvár, German: Schäßburg) (from Culture of Romania) Bucharest (capital of Wallachia) at the end of the 18th century (from Culture of Romania) The Dacian kingdom under Decebalus (from History of Romania) St. Nicholas Church, Brașov in Brașov (Hungarian: Brassó) (from Culture of Romania) Papanași (from Culture of Romania) Timeline of the borders of Romania between 1859 and 2010 (from History of Romania) The legend map of Dacia at its zenith (from History of Romania) Ion Luca Caragiale (from Culture of Romania) Great Romania (1920–1940) (from History of Romania) Roman walls in Dacia (from History of Romania) The sanctuaries in the ruined Sarmizegetusa Regia, the capital of ancient Dacia (from History of Romania) Mihai Eminescu, national poet of Romania and Moldova (from Culture of Romania) A 19th century depiction of Dacian women (from History of Romania) The map that shows the Dacian invasion of Boii and Taurisci (from History of Romania) Victory Avenue in Bucharest, 1940 (from Culture of Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 (from History of Romania) Titu Maiorescu (from Culture of Romania) Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, and Principality of Transylvania in personal union of Michael the Brave in 1600 (from History of Romania) Allies operations against the Axis (from History of Romania) Putna Monastery in Suceava County, Bukovina (from Culture of Romania) Sibiu (Hungarian: Nagyszeben, German: Hermannstadt), the 2007 European Capital of Culture (from Culture of Romania) Illustration featuring the Romanian coat of arms and tricolor (from Culture of Romania) Europe in 14th century (from History of Romania) Romanian "tamburași" drummers in traditional clothing (from Culture of Romania) Tochitură (from Culture of Romania) Duiliu Zamfirescu (from Culture of Romania) Kingdom of Romania in 1939 (from History of Romania) The Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1786, Italian map by G. Pittori, since the geographer Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni (from History of Romania) The thinkers of Hamangia, Neolithic Hamangia culture (c. 5250 – 4550 BC) (from History of Romania) Romania administered Transnistria, the area between the Dniester and Southern Bug, in July 1941. (from History of Romania) Seal of Michael the Brave during the personal union of the two Romanian principalities with Transylvania (from History of Romania) The foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire (from History of Romania) Peleș Castle, retreat of Romanian monarchs (from History of Romania) Baked pumpkin with powdered sugar and cinnamon (from Culture of Romania) Greek Catholic cathedral in Blaj, Transylvania(Hungarian: Balázsfalva) (from Culture of Romania) Iași (capital of Moldavia) at the end of the 18th century (from Culture of Romania) Calistrat Hogaș (from Culture of Romania) Europe in 1190 (from History of Romania) Mustard soup with croutons (from Culture of Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu and others welcome the Red Army as it enters Bucharest on 30 August 1944. (from History of Romania) Dacian cast in Pushkin Museum, after original in Lateran Museum. Early second century AD. (from History of Romania) The sanctuaries of the ancient Dacian Kingdom capital, Sarmizegetusa Regia (from History of Romania) Alexandru Odobescu (from Culture of Romania) Ciprian Porumbescu (from Culture of Romania) Baked potatoes with steak and cucumber salad (from Culture of Romania) Two of the eight marble statues of Dacian warriors surmounting the Arch of Constantine in Rome (from History of Romania) Map of Europe in 1648 showing Transylvania and the two Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia (from History of Romania) Physical and administrative map of Romania, with the historic regions in grey (Țara Românească means Wallachia). (from Geography of Romania) Romanian keyboard with special characters (from Culture of Romania) St. Sylvester's Church in Bucharest (from Culture of Romania) EUROPAfest Jazz festival in Bucharest (2010) (from Culture of Romania) Territories inhabited by Romanians before WWI (from History of Romania) Cheile Turzii and Hășdate River in Transylvania. (from Geography of Romania) Roman Dacia, between 106 and 271 AD (from History of Romania) Mateiu Caragiale (from Culture of Romania) Romanian territorial losses in the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918 (from History of Romania) Andrei Mureșanu (from Culture of Romania) One of the greatest existence of Dacia (from History of Romania) Clătite with jam (from Culture of Romania) Proclamation of Union between Transylvania and Romania (from History of Romania) Top: territories controlled by the Dacian king, c. 50 BC; bottom: territories controlled by the Dacian king, circa year zero (from History of Romania) 1941 stamp depicting a Romanian and a German soldier in reference to the two countries' common participation in Operation Barbarossa. The text below reads the holy war against Bolshevism. (from History of Romania) Ion Heliade Rădulescu (from Culture of Romania) Lieutenant Emil Rebreanu was awarded the Medal for Bravery in gold, the highest military award given by the Austrian command to an ethnic Romanian; he would later be hanged for desertion while trying to escape to Romania. (from History of Romania) Humanitas headquarters in Bucharest (from Culture of Romania) C.A. Rosetti (from Culture of Romania) Ioan Slavici (from Culture of Romania) Engraving of a fairy tale scene, featuring Prince Charming (Făt-Frumos) and a dragon (zmeu). (from Culture of Romania) The Communist government fostered the personality cult of Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, 1986. (from History of Romania) Ethnic map of Greater Romania according to the 1930 census. Sizeable ethnic minorities put Romania at odds with Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union throughout the interwar period. 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