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'''''Austroplebeia''''' is a [[stingless bee]] ([[Meliponini]]) genus in the family [[Apidae]]. The genus was erected by [[Jesus Santiago Moure]] in 1961.<ref name="Moure1961">{{cite journal|last=Moure|first=J.S.|author-link=Jesus Santiago Moure|title=A Preliminary Supra-specific Classification of the Old World Meliponine Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)|journal=Studia Entomologica|year=1961|publisher=Editora Vozes|volume=4|issue=1–4|pages=181–242|issn=0585-5098|oclc=430338837}}</ref><ref name="Michener1990">{{cite journal|last=Michener|first=C.D.|author-link=Charles Duncan Michener|title=Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)|journal=University of Kansas Science Bulletin |volume=54|issue=4|pages=75–164|date=1990-09-21|orig-year=1990|publisher=University of Kansas|publication-place=Lawrence, Kan.|issn=0022-8850|oclc=23011586|s2cid=82977325}} [https://biostor.org/reference/98334 BioStor] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2981281 BHL] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313186394_Classification_of_Apidae_Hymenoptera ResearchGate Publication 313186394]</ref>
'''''Austroplebeia''''' is a [[stingless bee]] ([[Meliponini]]) genus in the family [[Apidae]]. The genus was erected by [[Jesus Santiago Moure]] in 1961.<ref name="Moure1961">{{cite journal|last=Moure|first=J.S.|author-link=Jesus Santiago Moure|title=A Preliminary Supra-specific Classification of the Old World Meliponine Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)|journal=Studia Entomologica|year=1961|publisher=Editora Vozes|volume=4|issue=1–4|pages=181–242|issn=0585-5098|oclc=430338837}}</ref><ref name="Michener1990">{{cite journal|last=Michener|first=C.D.|author-link=Charles Duncan Michener|title=Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)|journal=University of Kansas Science Bulletin |volume=54|issue=4|pages=75–164|date=1990-09-21|orig-year=1990|publisher=University of Kansas|publication-place=Lawrence, Kan.|issn=0022-8850|oclc=23011586|s2cid=82977325}} [https://biostor.org/reference/98334 BioStor] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2981281 BHL] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313186394_Classification_of_Apidae_Hymenoptera ResearchGate Publication 313186394]</ref> The genus comprises five described species endemic to Australia and New Guinea.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Dollin|first=Anne E.|last2=Dollin|first2=Leslie J.|last3=Rasmussen|first3=Claus|date=2015-11-23|title=Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae)—a revision|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4047.1.1|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4047|issue=1|pages=1–73|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>''Austroplebeia'' are more closed related to the African stingless bees than rest of the species found in Asia and Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=RASMUSSEN|first=CLAUS|last2=CAMERON|first2=SYDNEY A.|date=2010-01-01|title=Global stingless bee phylogeny supports ancient divergence, vicariance, and long distance dispersal|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01341.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=99|issue=1|pages=206–232|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01341.x|issn=0024-4066}}</ref>

The species of ''Austroplebeia'' are difficult to separate reliably by body size or morphology<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dollin|first=Anne E.|last2=Dollin|first2=Leslie J.|last3=Sakagami|first3=the late Shôichi F.|date=1997|title=Australian stingless bees of the genus Trigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)|url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/is/it96020|journal=Invertebrate Systematics|language=en|volume=11|issue=6|pages=861–896|doi=10.1071/it96020|issn=1447-2600}}</ref>except for ''[[Austroplebeia cincta|A. cincta]]'' which can be distinguished readily by its colouration and pilosity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Halcroft|first=Megan Therese|last2=Dollin|first2=Anne|last3=Francoy|first3=Tiago Mauricio|last4=King|first4=Jocelyn Ellen|last5=Riegler|first5=Markus|last6=Haigh|first6=Anthony Mark|last7=Spooner-Hart|first7=Robert Neil|date=2016-01-01|title=Delimiting the species within the genus Austroplebeia, an Australian stingless bee, using multiple methodologies|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0377-7|journal=Apidologie|language=en|volume=47|issue=1|pages=76–89|doi=10.1007/s13592-015-0377-7|issn=1297-9678}}</ref> There are also few differences in their nest structures. This has hindered taxonomic studies to date and no workable key exists for the ''Austroplebeia'' species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rasmussen|first=Claus|date=2008-11-17|title=Catalog of the Indo-Malayan/Australasian stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1935.1.1|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=1935|issue=1|pages=1–80|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1935.1.1|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>

All species are small, black and robust (length: 3.0–4.9 mm) and differ from other stingless bee species that co-occur in the same region (i.e. ''[[Tetragonula]]'', ''[[Platytrigona]]'', ''[[Papuatrigona]]'') by the presence of cream or yellow markings in their head and thorax.<ref name=":0" /> Most species construct their nests largely from wax, unlike most stingless bees, they use propolis sparingly. They construct a fine, lacy curtain of resin droplets over their nest entrance at night in order to protect against ants and other predators.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last=Halcroft|first=Megan|title=Australian Stingless Bees|date=2013|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4960-7_3|work=Pot-Honey: A legacy of stingless bees|pages=35–72|editor-last=Vit|editor-first=Patricia|place=New York, NY|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-4960-7_3|isbn=978-1-4614-4960-7|access-date=2021-03-23|last2=Spooner-Hart|first2=Robert|last3=Dollin|first3=Lig Anne|editor2-last=Pedro|editor2-first=Silvia R. M.|editor3-last=Roubik|editor3-first=David}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Heard|first=Tim|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910915206|title=The Australian native bee book : keeping stingless bee hives for pets, pollination and sugarbag honey|date=2016|isbn=978-0-646-93997-1|location=West End, Brisbane, Qld|oclc=910915206}}</ref>

In Australia, people keep these bees in logs or wooden hives made of boxes.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> They show potential as pollinators of both field and greenhouse crops<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cunningham|first=Saul A.|last2=FitzGibbon|first2=Frances|last3=Heard|first3=Tim A.|date=2002|title=The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture|url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/ar/ar01186|journal=Australian Journal of Agricultural Research|language=en|volume=53|issue=8|pages=893–900|doi=10.1071/ar01186|issn=1444-9838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Greco|first=Mark K.|last2=Spooner-Hart|first2=Robert N.|last3=Beattie|first3=Andrew G. A. C.|last4=Barchia|first4=Idris|last5=Holford|first5=Paul|date=2011-01-01|title=Australian stingless bees improve greenhouse Capsicum production|url=https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.50.2.02|journal=Journal of Apicultural Research|volume=50|issue=2|pages=102–115|doi=10.3896/IBRA.1.50.2.02|issn=0021-8839}}</ref><ref>Halcroft, Megan Therese (2012). Investigations into the biology, behaviour and phylogeny of a potential crop pollinator: the Australian stingless bee, Austroplebeia australis. ''Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Western Sydney''.</ref>


==Species==
==Species==

Revision as of 00:17, 23 March 2021

Austroplebeia
Female Austroplebeia australis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Apidae
Tribe: Meliponini
Genus: Austroplebeia
Moure, 1961

Austroplebeia is a stingless bee (Meliponini) genus in the family Apidae. The genus was erected by Jesus Santiago Moure in 1961.[1][2] The genus comprises five described species endemic to Australia and New Guinea.[3]Austroplebeia are more closed related to the African stingless bees than rest of the species found in Asia and Australia.[4]

The species of Austroplebeia are difficult to separate reliably by body size or morphology[5]except for A. cincta which can be distinguished readily by its colouration and pilosity.[6] There are also few differences in their nest structures. This has hindered taxonomic studies to date and no workable key exists for the Austroplebeia species.[7]

All species are small, black and robust (length: 3.0–4.9 mm) and differ from other stingless bee species that co-occur in the same region (i.e. Tetragonula, Platytrigona, Papuatrigona) by the presence of cream or yellow markings in their head and thorax.[3] Most species construct their nests largely from wax, unlike most stingless bees, they use propolis sparingly. They construct a fine, lacy curtain of resin droplets over their nest entrance at night in order to protect against ants and other predators.[8][9]

In Australia, people keep these bees in logs or wooden hives made of boxes.[8][9] They show potential as pollinators of both field and greenhouse crops[10][11][12]

Species

In alphabetical order:[13]

Revised classifications

old new
Austroplebeia cockerelli Austroplebeia australis
Austroplebeia ornata Austroplebeia australis
Austroplebeia percincta Austroplebeia australis
Austroplebeia symei Austroplebeia cassiae
Austroplebeia websteri[14] Austroplebeia australis

Gallery

Austroplebeia images
  • Austroplebeia australis defending against Apis mellifera
    An Austroplebeia australis bee defending against Apis mellifera
  • Austroplebeia australis female (worker)
    Austroplebeia australis female worker
  • Austroplebeia australis male (drone)
    Austroplebeia australis male drone
  • Austroplebeia cassiae female (worker)
    Austroplebeia cassiae female worker
  • Austroplebeia cassiae male (drone)
    Austroplebeia cassiae male drone

References

  1. ^ Moure, J.S. (1961). "A Preliminary Supra-specific Classification of the Old World Meliponine Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)". Studia Entomologica. 4 (1–4). Editora Vozes: 181–242. ISSN 0585-5098. OCLC 430338837.
  2. ^ Michener, C.D. (21 September 1990) [1990]. "Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)". University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 54 (4). Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas: 75–164. ISSN 0022-8850. OCLC 23011586. S2CID 82977325. BioStor BHL ResearchGate Publication 313186394
  3. ^ a b Dollin, Anne E.; Dollin, Leslie J.; Rasmussen, Claus (23 November 2015). "Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae)—a revision". Zootaxa. 4047 (1): 1–73. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  4. ^ RASMUSSEN, CLAUS; CAMERON, SYDNEY A. (1 January 2010). "Global stingless bee phylogeny supports ancient divergence, vicariance, and long distance dispersal". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 99 (1): 206–232. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01341.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
  5. ^ Dollin, Anne E.; Dollin, Leslie J.; Sakagami, the late Shôichi F. (1997). "Australian stingless bees of the genus Trigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 11 (6): 861–896. doi:10.1071/it96020. ISSN 1447-2600.
  6. ^ Halcroft, Megan Therese; Dollin, Anne; Francoy, Tiago Mauricio; King, Jocelyn Ellen; Riegler, Markus; Haigh, Anthony Mark; Spooner-Hart, Robert Neil (1 January 2016). "Delimiting the species within the genus Austroplebeia, an Australian stingless bee, using multiple methodologies". Apidologie. 47 (1): 76–89. doi:10.1007/s13592-015-0377-7. ISSN 1297-9678.
  7. ^ Rasmussen, Claus (17 November 2008). "Catalog of the Indo-Malayan/Australasian stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)". Zootaxa. 1935 (1): 1–80. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1935.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  8. ^ a b Halcroft, Megan; Spooner-Hart, Robert; Dollin, Lig Anne (2013), Vit, Patricia; Pedro, Silvia R. M.; Roubik, David (eds.), "Australian Stingless Bees", Pot-Honey: A legacy of stingless bees, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 35–72, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4960-7_3, ISBN 978-1-4614-4960-7, retrieved 23 March 2021
  9. ^ a b Heard, Tim (2016). The Australian native bee book : keeping stingless bee hives for pets, pollination and sugarbag honey. West End, Brisbane, Qld. ISBN 978-0-646-93997-1. OCLC 910915206.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ Cunningham, Saul A.; FitzGibbon, Frances; Heard, Tim A. (2002). "The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53 (8): 893–900. doi:10.1071/ar01186. ISSN 1444-9838.
  11. ^ Greco, Mark K.; Spooner-Hart, Robert N.; Beattie, Andrew G. A. C.; Barchia, Idris; Holford, Paul (1 January 2011). "Australian stingless bees improve greenhouse Capsicum production". Journal of Apicultural Research. 50 (2): 102–115. doi:10.3896/IBRA.1.50.2.02. ISSN 0021-8839.
  12. ^ Halcroft, Megan Therese (2012). Investigations into the biology, behaviour and phylogeny of a potential crop pollinator: the Australian stingless bee, Austroplebeia australis. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Western Sydney.
  13. ^ Dollin, A.E.; Dollin, L.J.; Rasmussen, C. (23 November 2015) [2015]. "Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) - a revision". Zootaxa. 4047 (1): 1–73. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1. eISSN 1175-5334. ISBN 978-1-77557-837-6. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 26624733. S2CID 2024534. ResearchGate Publication 284403872
  14. ^ Rayment, T. (5 August 1932) [1932]. "The stingless bees of Australia. 6. The finding of a new species". The Victorian Naturalist. 49 (4): 104–107. ISSN 0042-5184. BioStor BHL Google Scholar

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Austroplebeia.
Wikispecies has information related to Austroplebeia.


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