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==Analysis==
==Analysis==
Turkish historian [[Fatma Müge Göçek]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mazlish |first1=Bruce |title=The Idea of Humanity in a Global Era |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-0-230-61776-6 |pages=17–29 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230617766_2 |language=en |chapter=Global Humanity}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Galip |first1=Özlem Belçim |title=New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-59400-8 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5AOEAAAQBAJ&q=Historian+Gocek#v=snippet&q=Historian%20Gocek&f=false |language=en}}</ref> notes that the speech "officially adopted as the official Turkish national narrative and became sacralized by the state". Göçek states that, because the law criminalizes insulting Atatürk, Turkish historians have been unable to analyze the speech critically. Göçek focuses on what remains unsaid in the speech: "It is evident that the text commences the birth of the Turkish nation with 1919, removing in the process the [[Armenian Genocide|demise of the Armenians in 1915 through state violence]] to the realm of Republican prehistory."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Göçek |first1=Fatma Müge |author1-link=Fatma Müge Göçek|chapter=Reading Genocide: Turkish Historiography on 1915|pages=42–52 |editor1-last=Suny |editor1-first=Ronald Grigor |editor2-last=Göçek |editor2-first=Fatma Müge |editor3-last=Naimark |editor3-first=Norman M. |editor3-link=Norman Naimark |title=A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire|title-link=A Question of Genocide |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979276-4}}</ref>
Turkish historian [[Fatma Müge Göçek]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nahmiyaz |first1=Medi |title=Multiple Alterities: Views of Others in Textbooks of the Middle East |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-62244-6 |pages=333–353 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62244-6_15 |language=en |chapter=Turkey: Greeks and Armenians in History Textbooks (1930–2010)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mazlish |first1=Bruce |title=The Idea of Humanity in a Global Era |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-0-230-61776-6 |pages=17–29 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230617766_2 |language=en |chapter=Global Humanity}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Galip |first1=Özlem Belçim |title=New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-59400-8 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5AOEAAAQBAJ&q=Historian+Gocek#v=snippet&q=Historian%20Gocek&f=false |language=en}}</ref> notes that the speech "officially adopted as the official Turkish national narrative and became sacralized by the state". Göçek states that, because the law criminalizes insulting Atatürk, Turkish historians have been unable to analyze the speech critically. Göçek focuses on what remains unsaid in the speech: "It is evident that the text commences the birth of the Turkish nation with 1919, removing in the process the [[Armenian Genocide|demise of the Armenians in 1915 through state violence]] to the realm of Republican prehistory."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Göçek |first1=Fatma Müge |author1-link=Fatma Müge Göçek|chapter=Reading Genocide: Turkish Historiography on 1915|pages=42–52 |editor1-last=Suny |editor1-first=Ronald Grigor |editor2-last=Göçek |editor2-first=Fatma Müge |editor3-last=Naimark |editor3-first=Norman M. |editor3-link=Norman Naimark |title=A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire|title-link=A Question of Genocide |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979276-4}}</ref>


Historian [[Marc David Baer]] states: {{quote|The main themes of the speech—and of the official discourse on the Armenian genocide—are silence, denial of the genocide, general amnesia about past violence (unless presenting Turks as the real victims), identifying with the perpetrators, never questioning the great prophetic and infallible leader (Atatürk), and promoting the racial purification of the land in the face of a life-or-death Darwinian struggle with minorities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baer |first1=Marc D.|author-link=Marc David Baer |title=Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide |date=2020 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-04542-3|page=82}}</ref>}}
Historian [[Marc David Baer]] states: {{quote|The main themes of the speech—and of the official discourse on the Armenian genocide—are silence, denial of the genocide, general amnesia about past violence (unless presenting Turks as the real victims), identifying with the perpetrators, never questioning the great prophetic and infallible leader (Atatürk), and promoting the racial purification of the land in the face of a life-or-death Darwinian struggle with minorities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baer |first1=Marc D.|author-link=Marc David Baer |title=Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide |date=2020 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-04542-3|page=82}}</ref>}}

Revision as of 07:39, 12 April 2021

Nutuk
Mustafa Kemal presenting the Nutuk at the Assembly, 1927.
Background (Calligraphy): حاكميت ملتكدر Hakimiyet Milletindir means "Sovereignty Belongs to the People"

Nutuk (Modern Turkish: Söylev; The Speech) was a speech delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 15 to 20 October 1927, at the second congress of Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi. The speech covered the events between the start of the Turkish War of Independence on 19 May 1919, and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, in 1923. It took thirty-six hours (on a 6 day span) to be read by Atatürk, and became a foundation of Kemalist historiography.[1][2][3][4]

Content

Analysis

Turkish historian Fatma Müge Göçek[5][6][7] notes that the speech "officially adopted as the official Turkish national narrative and became sacralized by the state". Göçek states that, because the law criminalizes insulting Atatürk, Turkish historians have been unable to analyze the speech critically. Göçek focuses on what remains unsaid in the speech: "It is evident that the text commences the birth of the Turkish nation with 1919, removing in the process the demise of the Armenians in 1915 through state violence to the realm of Republican prehistory."[8]

Historian Marc David Baer states:

The main themes of the speech—and of the official discourse on the Armenian genocide—are silence, denial of the genocide, general amnesia about past violence (unless presenting Turks as the real victims), identifying with the perpetrators, never questioning the great prophetic and infallible leader (Atatürk), and promoting the racial purification of the land in the face of a life-or-death Darwinian struggle with minorities.[9]

References

  1. ^ Yelbasi, Caner (2019). The Circassians of Turkey: War, Violence and Nationalism from the Ottomans to Atatürk. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-83860-017-4.
  2. ^ Göknar, Erdağ (2013). "Turkish-Islamic Feminism Confronts National Patriarchy: Halide Edib's Divided Self". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 9 (2): 32–57. doi:10.2979/jmiddeastwomstud.9.2.32.
  3. ^ Zürcher, Erik Jan (1986). "Young Turk memoirs as a historical source: Kazim Karabekir's Istiklal Harbimiz". Middle Eastern Studies. 22 (4): 562–570. doi:10.1080/00263208608700681.
  4. ^ Dogan, Gazi (2016). The establishment of Kemalist autocracy and its reform policies in Turkey (PhD thesis). abstract.
  5. ^ Nahmiyaz, Medi. "Turkey: Greeks and Armenians in History Textbooks (1930–2010)". Multiple Alterities: Views of Others in Textbooks of the Middle East. Springer International Publishing. pp. 333–353. ISBN 978-3-319-62244-6.
  6. ^ Mazlish, Bruce (2009). "Global Humanity". The Idea of Humanity in a Global Era. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 17–29. ISBN 978-0-230-61776-6.
  7. ^ Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020). New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State. Springer Nature. p. 37. ISBN 978-3-030-59400-8.
  8. ^ Göçek, Fatma Müge (2011). "Reading Genocide: Turkish Historiography on 1915". In Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Naimark, Norman M. (eds.). A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–52. ISBN 978-0-19-979276-4.
  9. ^ Baer, Marc D. (2020). Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide. Indiana University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-253-04542-3.

Further reading

External links


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