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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2006}} |
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[[File:Stepped tank.JPG|thumb|A water tank with a stepped profile at [[Hampi]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]]] |
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A '''stepped profile''' describes the edge of something that has a series of defined steps.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://www.telaztec.com/Resources/ICHAztecWalesJuly06.pdf |last=Cowan |first=James J. |title=Advances in holographic replication with the Aztec structure |conference=7th International Symposium on Display Holography |year=2006}}</ref> It has applications in architecture, construction, [[Profile (engineering)|engineering]], and geology. |
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==Applications== |
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A '''stepped profile''' is a description of the height of a [[river]] above sea-level with distance from its source. A stepped profile when plotted on a graph would not show a smooth line showing decreasing height with distance from the [[River source|source]] (this is a long profile). A stepped profile would show dramatic decreases in height - this may be caused by the type of underlying bedrock changing allowing the river to erode vertically,horizontally or diagonally |
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===Architecture and construction=== |
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In [[building design]] a stepped profile is used to reduce the visual impact of, or airborne noise around a building.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Modern_Airport_Terminal/Gc15AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA63&printsec=frontcover |page=63 |title=The Modern Airport Terminal: New Approaches to Airport Architecture |first=Brian |last=Edwards |year=2004 |isbn=9781134537648 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Greener_Buildings/bi5dDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover |page=62 |title=Greener Buildings: Environmental Impact of Property |first=Stuart |last=Johnson |year=1993 |isbn=9781349227525 |publisher=[[Macmillan Education]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Making of an African Building: The Mpumalanga Provincial Government Complex |year=2001 |page=32 |isbn=9780620282949 |year=2001 |publisher=MPTS Architectural Library |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Making_of_an_African_Building/9bUVAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0}}</ref> A stepped profile is also used to calculate seismic and wind loads in multi-story building design.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Energy_Audits_and_Improvements_for_Comme/IJ0tCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA54&printsec=frontcover |page=54 |title=Energy Audits and Improvements for Commercial Buildings |first=Ian M. |last=Shapiro |year=2016 |isbn=9781119084167 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]}}</ref> |
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The [[Spillway#Stepped_spillway|spillway]] from a [[dam]] can have a stepped profile, which dissipates energy from the released water.<ref>{{cite journal |first=H. |last=Chanson |title=History of stepped channels and spillways: a rediscovery of the “wheel” |journal=Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=247-259 |doi=10.1139/l95-034}}</ref> |
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===Engineering=== |
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In engineering, a stepped profile may be used on a [[bearing (mechanical)|bearing]] surface to reduce friction between the moving parts.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705817327133 |author1=Wróblewski, E. |author2=Iskra, A. |author3=& Babiak, M |year=2017 |title=Geometrical structures of the stepped profile bearing surface of the piston |journal=Procedia engineering |volume=192 |pages=965-970 |doi=10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.166 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]}}</ref> |
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===Geology=== |
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A [[mountain]] with a stepped profile has a number of [[denudation]] terraces caused by erosion.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Landforms_of_High_Mountains/3E6qBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover |page=64 |title=Landforms of High Mountains |author1=Alexander Stahr |author2=Ewald Langenscheidt |year=2014 |isbn=9783642537158 |publisher=[[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]}}</ref> |
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A [[river]] with a stepped profile has a step-like variation in its gradient along its length.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_View_of_the_River/QWDQ7ezcjbcC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |page=79 |title=A view of the river |author=Luna Bergere Leopold |year=1994 |isbn=9780674937321 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]}}</ref> This may be caused by changes in the height of the underlying bedrock.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Geomorphology_and_River_Management/L2ZFVunPMPwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT409&printsec=frontcover |page=409 |title=Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework |author1=Gary J. Brierley |author2=Kirstie A. Fryirs |year=2013 |isbn=9781118685303 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]}}</ref> |
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==Notable examples== |
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* [[Altar Mountain]], a mountain in [[Victoria Land]], [[Antartica]] |
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* [[Drapers' Gardens]], an office block in the [[City of London]], [[United Kingdom]] |
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* [[Cairn of Barnenez]], a neolithic monument in [[Brittany]], [[France]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Spillway#Stepped_spillway|Stepped spillway]] |
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*[[Long profile]] |
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==References== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stepped Profile}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Rivers]] |
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Revision as of 16:18, 10 June 2021
An editor has nominated this article for deletion. You are welcome to participate in the deletion discussion, which will decide whether or not to retain it. |
A stepped profile describes the edge of something that has a series of defined steps.[1] It has applications in architecture, construction, engineering, and geology.
Applications
Architecture and construction
In building design a stepped profile is used to reduce the visual impact of, or airborne noise around a building.[2][3][4] A stepped profile is also used to calculate seismic and wind loads in multi-story building design.[5]
The spillway from a dam can have a stepped profile, which dissipates energy from the released water.[6]
Engineering
In engineering, a stepped profile may be used on a bearing surface to reduce friction between the moving parts.[7]
Geology
A mountain with a stepped profile has a number of denudation terraces caused by erosion.[8]
A river with a stepped profile has a step-like variation in its gradient along its length.[9] This may be caused by changes in the height of the underlying bedrock.[10]
Notable examples
- Altar Mountain, a mountain in Victoria Land, Antartica
- Drapers' Gardens, an office block in the City of London, United Kingdom
- Cairn of Barnenez, a neolithic monument in Brittany, France
See also
References
- ^ Cowan, James J. (2006). Advances in holographic replication with the Aztec structure (PDF). 7th International Symposium on Display Holography.
- ^ Edwards, Brian (2004). The Modern Airport Terminal: New Approaches to Airport Architecture. Taylor & Francis. p. 63. ISBN 9781134537648.
- ^ Johnson, Stuart (1993). Greener Buildings: Environmental Impact of Property. Macmillan Education. p. 62. ISBN 9781349227525.
- ^ The Making of an African Building: The Mpumalanga Provincial Government Complex. MPTS Architectural Library. 2001. p. 32. ISBN 9780620282949.
- ^ Shapiro, Ian M. (2016). Energy Audits and Improvements for Commercial Buildings. Wiley. p. 54. ISBN 9781119084167.
- ^ Chanson, H. "History of stepped channels and spillways: a rediscovery of the "wheel"". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 22 (2): 247–259. doi:10.1139/l95-034.
- ^ Wróblewski, E.; Iskra, A.; & Babiak, M (2017). "Geometrical structures of the stepped profile bearing surface of the piston". Procedia engineering. 192. Elsevier: 965–970. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.166.
- ^ Alexander Stahr; Ewald Langenscheidt (2014). Landforms of High Mountains. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 64. ISBN 9783642537158.
- ^ Luna Bergere Leopold (1994). A view of the river. Harvard University Press. p. 79. ISBN 9780674937321.
- ^ Gary J. Brierley; Kirstie A. Fryirs (2013). Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. Wiley. p. 409. ISBN 9781118685303.