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{{Infobox artwork
{{COI|date=June 2020}}
| title = The Peace Kids (Tel Aviv)
{{italic title}}
| image = Graffiti Tel Aviv, Ha-Rav Yitskhak Yedidya Frenkel St - close up.jpg
[[File:Graffiti_Tel_Aviv,_Ha-Rav_Yitskhak_Yedidya_Frenkel_St_-_close_up.jpg|thumb|360x360px|The ''Peace Kids'' mural as it appeared in Tel Aviv, May 2015]]
| image_upright =
'''''The Peace Kids''''' is a mural in [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] by Moodi Abdallah, Roman Kozhokin, Itai Froumin and [[Jonathan Kis-Lev]]. A copy of the work, which depicts Israeli [[Srulik]] and Palestinian [[Handala]] embracing one another, exists on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] and was created with the cooperation of local Palestinian artists.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=February 2015|title=יהונתן כיס-לב מספר על אמנות הרחוב מעוררת המחלוקת|journal=Kan, Israeli Art Magazine - מגזין כאן: מציאות ישראלית באמנות|volume=36}}</ref>
| alt =
| caption = The work as seen from the street
| other_language_1 =
| other_title_1 =
| other_language_2 =
| other_title_2 =
| wikidata =
| artist = [[John Kiss]]
| year = {{start date|2014}}
| completion_date = <!-- For a more specific date (post-1583): {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| catalogue =
| medium = [[Graffiti]]
| movement = [[Street art]]
| subject =
| height_metric = 700
| width_metric = 300
| length_metric =
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| imperial_unit = in <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| dimensions =
| dimensions_ref =
| weight =
| designation =
| condition =
| museum =
| city = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32.0592|34.7657|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| owner =
| accession =
| module =
| website = <!-- Official webpage/site only: {{URL|example.com}} -->
| italic title = no
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| preceded_by = <!-- preceding work by the same artist -->
| followed_by = <!-- next work by the same artist -->
}}{{Infobox artwork
| title = The Peace Kids (Bethlehem)
| image = Graffiti of Peace in Bethlehem on Apartheid Wall by Street Artist Kis-Lev7.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = The work as seen from the street
| other_language_1 =
| other_title_1 =
| other_language_2 =
| other_title_2 =
| wikidata =
| artist = [[John Kiss]]
| year = {{start date|2014}}
| completion_date = <!-- For a more specific date (post-1583): {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| catalogue =
| medium = [[Graffiti]]
| movement = [[Street art]]
| subject =
| height_metric = 700
| width_metric = 300
| length_metric =
| height_imperial = <!-- (i.e. in imperial units) -->
| width_imperial =
| length_imperial =
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| metric_unit = cm <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| imperial_unit = in <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| dimensions =
| dimensions_ref =
| weight =
| designation =
| condition =
| museum =
| city = [[Bethlehem]], [[Palestine]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.7233|35.2059|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| owner =
| accession =
| module =
| website = <!-- Official webpage/site only: {{URL|example.com}} -->
| italic title = no
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| preceded_by = <!-- preceding work by the same artist -->
| followed_by = <!-- next work by the same artist -->
}}'''''The Peace Kids''''' is a mural in dual locations: [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] and [[Bethlehem]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], by Israeli artist [[John Kiss]], cocreated in Bethlehem with Palestinian artist Moodi Abdallah.


== History ==
== History ==
{{Short description|Israeli peace activist and street artist}}
[[File:Graffiti of Peace in Bethlehem on Apartheid Wall by Street Artist Kis-Lev7.jpg|thumb|269x269px|Bethlehem, artists [[Jonathan Kis-Lev]] and Moodi Abdallah working on the mural on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli separation barrier]], September 2014]]
The work was created by [[John Kiss]], an [[Israeli]] [[Street art|street artist]] and [[Peace Activist|peace activist]].<ref name=":142">{{Cite web|last=Kiner|first=Saloma|date=21 November 2016|title=A Tel Aviv, une méthode pour apprendre l’hébreu|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-monde/20150207.RUE7638/a-tel-aviv-une-methode-facebook-et-graffitis-pour-apprendre-l-hebreu.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-06|website=L'Obs|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":152">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040613419|title=Imagining Collective Futures : Perspectives from Social, Cultural and Political Psychology|date=2018|others=Constance De Saint-Laurent, Sandra Obradović, Kevin R. Carriere|isbn=978-3-319-76051-3|location=Cham|oclc=1040613419}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Awards|url=https://afcfp.org/awards/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Combatants For Peace|language=en-US}}</ref> Known previously as ''Jonathan Kis-Lev'',<ref>{{Cite web|last="In 2020 Kiss officially changed his name from Jonathan Kis-Lev to John Kiss."|title=About Kis-Lev|url=https://www.kis-lev.com/about-kis-lev|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Jonathan Kis-Lev OFFICIAL Website|language=en-US}}</ref> His graffiti work, political installations, community-based projects and public artworks have granted him the title the “Israeli [[Banksy]].”<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Fishman|first=Daniella|date=2021-04-30|title=6 Incredible Street Art Pieces To Find In Tel Aviv|url=https://jetsettimes.com/countries/israel/tel-aviv/6-incredible-street-art-pieces-to-find-in-tel-aviv/|access-date=2021-06-02|website=Jetset Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Not your normal tour of Tel Aviv {{!}} Hamilton Jewish News|url=https://hamiltonjewishnews.com/israel/not-your-normal-tour-of-tel-aviv|access-date=2021-06-02|website=hamiltonjewishnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":28">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-01|title=Walls With Stories In Every Crack|url=https://mediterranean.observer/6-incredible-street-art-pieces-in-tel-aviv-israel/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-26|website=The Mediterranean Observer|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2013 Kis-Lev joined hands with three artists: Palestinian Moodi Abdallah, and Israeli Roman Kozhokin and Itai Froumin. Froumin helped Kis-Lev creating the final image of the embrace, properly showing Srulik from the back, while keeping his iconic hair twirl showing. Artist Roman Kozhokin helped creating the stencil and spraying the work in Tel Aviv. Artist Moodi Abdallah helped creating the work in Bethlehem.


Kiss became involved in peace activities from a young age. Later, traumatized by his three years in Israel's mandatory military service, Kiss began spraying pro-peace and anti-war catchphrases.<ref name=":60">{{Cite web|last=Srinivas|first=Rao|date=23 May 2018|title=Jonathan Kis-Lev: Developing the Confidence to Master Your Creative Craft|url=https://radiopublic.com/the-unmistakable-creative-podcast-WaVeX6/s1!63735|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Radio Public|series="The Unmistakable Creative"|language=en}}</ref> These catchphrases were often sprayed in Hebrew and Arabic. However, Kiss felt construed and limited by mere words, and wished to express his yearning for peace in a non-verbal and visual way.''<ref name=":62">{{cite news|last1=Galit Giat|title=Weekend Activities: Jonathan Kis-Lev about Street Art (beginning at 33 min.)|language=Hebrew|agency=Nana 10|url=http://10tv.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1006332}} See also here: http://10tv.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1006332</ref>''
Srulik ({{lang-he|שרוליק}}, {{IPA-he|ˈsʁulik|IPA}}) is a cartoon character [[National personification|symbolizing]] [[Israel]]. The character was created in 1956 by the Israeli cartoonist [[Kariel Gardosh]], known by his [[pen name]] ''Dosh.'' The cartoon appeared for many years in the newspaper ''[[Maariv (newspaper)|Maariv]]''.


Kiss thought extensively and sketched hundreds of images trying to depict [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process|peace in the Middle East]] and an end to the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. His sketches included as various elements as the [[Peace symbols|peace symbol]], dove and olive branch, broken rifles, a wolf living with a lamb, visual rearrangements of the word "peace" in Arabic ("[[As-salamu alaykum|salaam]]") and in Hebrew ("[[shalom]]"), and many other sketches.''<ref name=":62" />'' Disappointed, he felt that "all attempts were lame."''<ref name=":62" />''
Handala, also known as Handhala ({{lang-ar|حنظلة}}), is the most famous caricature by Palestinian cartoonist [[Naji al-Ali]]. Al-Ali has been described as the greatest Palestinian cartoonist and probably the best-known cartoonist in the [[Arab world]].


Kiss wished to create an iconic image, one that could "be reproduced on shirts and stickers, and could be immediately identified as a peace sign specifically to Palestinians and Israelis."''<ref name=":62" />'' Kiss had in mind the location: the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|west bank barrier]], and more specifically, the wall in Bethlehem, a wall whose construction Kiss had opposed, and a wall on which such artists as Banksy left their mark.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2007-12-03|title=Graffiti artist Banksy goes to the Holy Land|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-palestinians-banksy-idUKL0233047720071203|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>''<ref name=":62" />''
== Reception and criticism ==
[[File:Handala.gif|thumb|200x200px|[[Handala]], symbol of Palestine]]
The work was received with mixed criticism. It was called "naive" and "delusional" by both Israeli and Palestinians. Left wing activists{{Who|date=June 2020}} lauded the work for its simplicity, conveying a "message of hope."<ref name=Kampinski>
In a visit to the Bethlehem area, Kiss saw caricatures of ''Handala,'' a well-known Palestinian caricature. He had seen these caricatures before, but he did not know enough about the caricature or its meaning. Asking his Palestinian friends, Kiss found that [[Naji al-Ali#Handala|Handala]] was the most famous caricature by Palestinian cartoonist [[Naji al-Ali]].<ref>Watch beginning at minute 36:04, {{Citation|title=Virtual Graffiti/Street Art tour through Tel Aviv with Niro Trip|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT6nOPgc_rY|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> Al-Ali first depicted Handala as a ten-year-old boy.<ref name="GuardianHandala">{{cite news|last1=Faber|first1=Michel|date=11 July 2009|title=Pens and swords|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jul/11/child-palestine-cartoons-al-ali|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref> The figure turned his back to the viewer and clasped his hands behind his back.<ref name="netanya">{{cite web|last1=Ashley|first1=John|last2=Jayousi|first2=Nedal|title=Discourse, Culture, and Education in the Israeli-Palestinian Co nflict 49 The Connection between Palestinian Culture and the Conflict|url=http://www.netanya.ac.il/englishSite/Centers/DialogueCenter/Academic-publications/Documents/Discourse.pdf|website=Netanya Academic Centre|accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref> Al-Ali explained that the ten-year-old represented his age when forced to leave Palestine and would not grow up until he could return to his homeland. Handala wears ragged clothes and is barefoot, symbolizing his allegiance to the poor. Al-Ali vowed that Handala would “reveal his face to the readers again only when Palestinian refugees return to their homeland”.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Priyadarshini|first=Arya|last2=Sigroha|first2=Suman|date=2020-07-03|title=Recovering the Palestinian History of Dispossession through Graphics in Leila Abdelrazaq’s Baddawi|url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/EIKO/article/view/73329|journal=Eikón / Imago|language=en|volume=9|pages=395–418|doi=10.5209/eiko.73329|issn=2254-8718|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Zax|first=Talya|date=31 July 2016|title=The Lessons They Didn’t Teach Me on Birthright|url=https://forward.com/culture/346077/the-lessons-they-didnt-teach-me-on-birthright/|url-status=live|archive-date=31 July 2016|access-date=2021-07-06|website=The Forward|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":55">Watch beginning at minute 29:49. Online lecture by {{Citation|last=Jankelowitz|first=Muki|title=Wisdom Around the World - Muki Jankelowitz, Israel "Graffiti in Southern Tel Aviv: An insight into Israeli society"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njwlQrsiUDs&t=1846s&ab_channel=MerageJCC|publication-place=Baltimore Hebrew Congregation|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>
{{Citation
[[File:PikiWiki_Israel_5668_cartoon_museu_in_holon.jpg|thumb|120x120px|[[Srulik]], symbol of Israel]]
| last = Kampinski
Kiss, realizing the caricature's importance as a [[national symbol]] and [[National personification|personification]] of the [[Palestinian people]],<ref name=":55" /> wished to examine the possibility of incorporating it into his art. It was then that he wondered whether Israel had a character that personified the Israeli people. He immediately thought of ''Srulik''.<ref name=":62" />
| first = Zipa
[[File:Graffiti_of_Peace_in_Bethlehem_on_Apartheid_Wall_by_Street_Artist_Kis-Lev.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Bethlehem, artist [[John Kiss]] working on the mural on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli separation barrier]], September 2014]]
| language = he
[[Srulik]] is a cartoon character [[National personification|symbolizing]] [[Israel]].<ref>חן מלול, "ספר שרוליק": הפרויקט הסודי של דוש שלא הושלם מעולם, "הספרנים": בלוג הספרייה הלאומית, 1 בינואר 2018</ref> The character was created in 1956 by the Israeli cartoonist [[Kariel Gardosh|Dosh]]''.'' Srulik is generally depicted as a young man "Zionist, pioneer, farmer"<ref name=":16" /> wearing an [[Tembel hat|Israeli hat]], [[Biblical sandals]], and dark khaki shorts.<ref name=":16" /> Srulik was described as an icon of Israel in the same way that [[Marianne]] and [[Uncle Sam]] were respectively icons of France and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=דוש, שרוליק ומיתוס 'היהודי הנצחי'|url=https://www.makorrishon.co.il/nrg/online/archive/ART/121/997.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-05|website=NRG}}</ref><ref name=":55" />
| publisher = Xnet Yediot Aharonot

| title = '''''Brilliance at Frenkel Street – Together All the Way'''''
Kiss thought that juxtaposing the two characters together could be a "powerful visual message to represent the hope for peace in the Middle East."<ref name=":57">{{Citation|title=Graffiti Lecture|date=27 December 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=1141&v=MqqKbovvvho&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=GrafitiyulGraffititours%26workshops|language=he|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>''<ref name=":62" />'' Kiss therefore began sketching the two characters together. For Handala to be recognizable, he had to be portrayed with his back to the viewer. Kiss wanted Srulik to be depicted next to Handala, in the same manner, and therfore had to place Srulik with his back to the viewer as well.<ref name=":16" /><ref>Begin watching at minute 51:08, Baltimore Zionist District online lecture, 21 October 2020, {{Citation|title=Tel Aviv Graffiti|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLfff9Lu2K8&t=3070s&ab_channel=BaltimoreZionistDistrict/|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>
| url=http://www.xnet.co.il/design/articles/0,14563,L-3107132,00.html

| access-date = 1 October 2014 }}
In all of the caricatures of Srulik, he was never depicted from the back, and Kiss had to take artistic liberty in envisioning how the late artist Dosh would have sketched his iconic character from the back. Kiss drew the typical Israeli [[Tembel hat|"Tembel" hat]] and the curl and ears as they would appear from the back, as well as the white shirt and dark pants, along with the biblical sandals.<ref name=":55" /> In this version, both caricatures were turning their backs to the viewer, but their faces "to the future."''<ref name=":62" />''
</ref>

Israeli artist and [[Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design|Bezalel Academy of Arts]] professor [[Michel Kichka]] praised the work: <blockquote>"I, too, have seen this large-scale graffiti in South Tel Aviv. It is doubtful whether such a painting could have been created in the lives of Al-Ali and Dosh. Dosh was a nationalist right-wing, Ali was opposed to Israel's very existence. Nevertheless, the naive painting has a spirit of reconciliation and brotherhood that warms the heart."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://he.kichka.com/2016/07/17/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA/|title=קריקטורות מתפייסות - Cartoons reconcile|date=2016-07-16|work=מישל קישקה Michel Kichka|access-date=2018-04-21|language=he-IL}}</ref></blockquote>The work was considered "An optimistic piece" according to ''Forward Magazine''.<ref name=Forward2>{{Citation
In 2014 Kiss joined with Palestinian artist Moodi Abdallah, and together they met in Bethlehem, creating the large mural on the Bethlehem wall, sized 275 inches (700cm) high by 118 inches (300cm) wide.<ref name=":55" />''<ref name=":62" />'' Being an Israeli citizen, Kiss was committing a crime by disobeying Israeli military orders and entering [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian-Authority]]-controlled Bethlehem, where Israelis were not allowed to enter. Kiss stated later that "some laws need breaking, especially if through the violation there is a possibility of furthering peace."''<ref name=":62" />'' Muki Jankelowitz, director of [[Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz|''Machon'']], stated about the work that it "engages in discussion." He added, "If good art is meant to make people stop and think, then Kiss has achieved that."<ref name=":55" />
| last = Zeveloff
[[File:Graffiti_Tel_Aviv,_Ha-Rav_Yitskhak_Yedidya_Frenkel_St_-_close_up.jpg|thumb|290x290px|The Peace Kids in Tel Aviv, Frenkel Street]]
| first = Naomi
Kiss wished to paint the mural both in the Palestinian territories as well as within Israel, for the message of peace needed to be directed at both sides of the conflict.''<ref name=":62" />'' He chose Tel Aviv as the location of the Israeli mural, on a street called Frenkel.
| publisher = Forward Magazine

| date = 7 August 2016
== Reception ==
| title = '''''Take a Tour with the Graffiti Geek of Tel Aviv — and Learn Hebrew, Too'''''
Art journalist Zipa Kampinski of Israel's largest newspaper, ''[[Yedioth Ahronoth]],<ref name="jvl">[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/press.html The Israeli Press] Jewish Virtual Library</ref><ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|date=May 8, 2006|title=The press in Israel|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4969714.stm|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref>'' dedicated an entire article to the new Kiss mural on Frenkel street, titled "Sparkle on Frenkel Street"<ref name="Kampinski2">{{Citation|last=Kampinski|first=Zipa|title=Sparkle on Frenkel Street|url=http://www.xnet.co.il/design/articles/0,14563,L-3107132,00.html|issue=Street View|publication-date=26 September 2014|publisher=[[Yedioth Ahronoth|Yedioth Ahronoth's Xnet]]|language=Hebrew|accessdate=}}</ref> in which she wrote:<blockquote>At first glance it seems like an innocent, almost childish painting. But first glances may be deceiving. It turns out John Kiss is not a fool. He only appears to be a goody two shoes. He dreamed of doing this painting for many years. [...] The characters are the main thing. They are not just two children walking into eternity embraced; these are two charged political symbols. The Israeli one: Srulik of the famous cartoonist and illustrator Dosh, a character born as early as 1956. And the other a Palestinian: Handala, the well-known refugee figure of cartoonist Naji al-Ali, first published in 1969. And now, in this new work, Srulik and Handala are embracing, walking together on such a high wall that it would be difficult to erase the possibility they represent. What gift could have made our streets happier than this one?<ref name="Kampinski2" /></blockquote>The work was received with mixed criticism. It was called "naïve" and "delusional" by both Israeli and Palestinians.<ref name=":62" /> Israeli [[illustrator]] and [[Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design|Bezalel Arts Academy]] professor [[Michel Kichka]] wrote:<blockquote>I, too, have seen this large-scale graffiti [...] It is doubtful whether such a painting could have been created in the lives of Al-Ali and Dosh. Dosh was a nationalist right-wing, Ali was opposed to Israel's very existence. Nevertheless, this naïve painting has a spirit of reconciliation and brotherhood that warms the heart.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Kichka|first=Michel|date=2016-07-16|title=Reconciled Caricatures|url=https://he.kichka.com/2016/07/17/%d7%a7%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%aa%d7%a4%d7%99%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%aa/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03|website=|language=he-IL}}</ref></blockquote>The work was considered "an optimistic piece" according to ''Forward Magazine''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zeveloff|first=Naomi|title=Take a Tour with the Graffiti Geek of Tel Aviv — and Learn Hebrew, Too|url=https://forward.com/news/israel/347035/take-a-tour-with-the-graffiti-geek-of-tel-aviv-and-learn-hebrew-too/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03|website=The Forward|language=en-US|quote=An optimistic piece by Jonathan Kislev with iconic Israeli cartoon “Srulik” embracing the iconic Palestinian cartoon “Handala.”}}</ref> As such, it suited Kiss's wish to bring "happiness" to the viewers of his work.<ref name=":12">"My goal is to bring happiness, joy, enthusiasm and love to the viewers of my works." quoted in http://www.ncity.co.il/article.asp?aID=1101</ref> Some commented that "this hug shows John Kiss's commitment to peace.”<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|last=Kiner|first=Saloma|date=21 November 2016|title=A Tel Aviv, une méthode pour apprendre l’hébreu|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-monde/20150207.RUE7638/a-tel-aviv-une-methode-facebook-et-graffitis-pour-apprendre-l-hebreu.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-06|website=L'Obs|language=fr}}</ref> Others saw it as a "yearning of Kiss for peace, essentially asking, 'why can't we all just get along.'"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Tel Aviv Graffiti- Virtual Tour with BZD|url=https://azm.org/event/tel-aviv-graffiti-virtual-tour-with-bzd|access-date=2021-08-10|website=American Zionist Movement|language=en-US}}</ref>
| url=https://forward.com/slideshow/365364/12-must-see-works-of-israeli-street-art/#slide-9

| access-date = 1 November 2017 }}</ref>
Art scholar Stav Shacham noted that "putting these two characters together, hugging, walking together on a path that we cannot see just yet, but there is a lot of optimism here." She called the work "one of the most beautiful works of art we have in Florentin."<ref name=":52">{{Citation|last=Shacham|first=Stav|title=The Tel Aviv Street Museum with Stav Shachaf|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AY2Nuo7j-yA|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>

The painting was mentioned in numerous articles<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|date=2018-05-20|title=דרום תל אביב: כפר שלם, שכונת התקווה ושכונת פלורנטין|url=https://amiramorenbikes.com/2018_0518_rgc_telavivsouth/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=עמירם במשעולי ישראל}}</ref><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":13" /> and considered "subversive" to the commonplace Zionist narrative which may tend to ignore the existence of the Palestinian people as a national identity.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krak|first=Michal|date=|title=שרוליק וחנדלה גרפיטי בתל אביב - 2021|url=https://www.gobeetravel.com/location/mkgf6/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Go Be Travel|language=he-IL}}</ref>''<ref name=":62" />'' In an article in ''[[The Forward]]'' titled "The Lessons They Didn't Teach Me on [[Birthright Israel|Birthright]]", Talya Zax wrote about the mural, describing the "two children with their backs turned to the viewer, standing with their arms around each other."<ref name=":16" /> Zax went on to describe the usual pro-Israel advocacy that tourists are subjected to when visiting Israel, without being shown "a single sign of resistance or rebellion against that narrative."<ref name=":16" /> Yet, according to Zax, ''The Peace Kids'' mural was a positive deviation from the ethno-centric narrative, and revealed the problems Israel wishes to swipe under the carpet. Zax stated that Kiss' "choice to bring the two together, Srulik’s back turned just like Handala’s, seemed like an admission that all was ''not'' right. I found it oddly comforting."<ref name=":16" /> According to Zax, the painting in the center of Tel Aviv was a sign of "rebellion"<ref name=":16" /> and its message "nuanced, hopeful, inclusive."<ref name=":16" />

The artwork highlighted the development of the artist’s oeuvre beyond merely entertaining and decorative street art, featuring his criticism at the state of the stagnant [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process|peace process]] between the Israelis and the Palestinians.<ref name=":47">See for example the invitation for the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] and ''The Harry S. Truman Research Institute'' conference titled "Peace and Conflict: Childhood Under Conflict," on 4 November 2019, [https://truman.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/styles/os_files_xxlarge/public/truman/files/hzmnh_24-10-2.jpg?m=1576141170&itok=rb2v3eva here]</ref> The work subsequently became a symbol for peace, repainted by other artists,<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Esra Magazine - Iconic Message On the Wall|url=http://magazinepre.esra.org.il/blog/post/political-cartoonists|access-date=2021-08-07|website=magazinepre.esra.org.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=רשימות תל אביביות {{!}} קילומטר של אמנות יפואית|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/literature/tlvlist/.premium-1.9561855|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Haaretz הארץ|language=he}}</ref> reproduced on shirts,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kark|first=Michal|date=17 June 2018|title=The Power of Art|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmichal.tlv.tour%2Fposts%2F1331549470310684%2F|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|website=|language=He}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=מיכל קרק - סיורים מחוץ למסגרת, BIRON 4, Tel Aviv (2021)|url=http://www.findglocal.com/IL/Tel-Aviv/344220279043613/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7---%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A5-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%AA|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref> included in artistic films,<ref>See for example, minute 1:09 in {{Citation|title=Florentin Tel Aviv - The Street is your gallery|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NUNJeq4pCk|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> and appearing on posters and peace conferences invitations.<ref name=":47" />

In 2019 Kiss was contacted by the magazine ''Peace Science Digest'' following the magazine's interest in ''The Peace Kids Mural.'' The international magazine, a project of the War Prevention Initiative, aims at closing the gap between the insights of peace science and the working knowledge that policy makers and practitioners use in their day-to-day operations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=22940848|title=Peace Science Digest Volume 4, Issue 2|url=https://issuu.com/peacesciencedigest/docs/psd_4.2_final_|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Issuu|language=en}}</ref> Wishing to give the magazine a fresh edge, magazine editors asked for permission to use the ''Peace Kids Mural'' as the front cover for their June 2019 issue. Kiss enthusiastically approved, stating that he hoped for the visual message to be used freely with anything associated with peace, reconciliation, and conflict resolution.<ref name=":62" /> The work was featured on the front cover of the magazine, crediting the artist for creating a "political" work portraying "Israeli Srulik and Palestinian Handala embracing each other."<ref name=":38">{{Cite journal|date=May 2019|title=Front Cover|journal=Peace Science Digest|volume=4|issue=2|issn=2575-3886}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-05|title=Volume 4, Issue 2 · Peace Science Digest|url=https://peacesciencedigest.org/volume-4-issue-2/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Peace Science Digest|language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2019 the work was featured in the British [[Reform (magazine)|Reform Magazine]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Doney|first=Meryl|date=October 2019|title=ART IN FOCUS: The Peace Kids: Jonathan Kis-Lev and crew, spray and wall paint|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033337/https://www.reform-magazine.co.uk/2019/10/art-in-focus-october-2019/|journal=[[Reform (magazine)]]|volume=October 2019|pages=12-13}}</ref> The magazine noted:<blockquote>The mural triggered enormous controversy. The genius of Kiss and his crew was to bring together these two iconic figures, who already had a life and significance of their own. [...] Kiss' graffito joins them in friendship. Critics on both sides of the divide have said the image is naïve, but to many others, it is an image of hope and aspiration.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

== External links ==
* Doney, Meryl (October 2019). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033337/https://www.reform-magazine.co.uk/2019/10/art-in-focus-october-2019/ ART IN FOCUS: The Peace Kids]". ''Reform'' (magazine). October 2019: 12–13.
* Kampinski, Zipa (September 26, 2014), [http://www.xnet.co.il/design/articles/0,14563,L-3107132,00.html Sparkle on Frenkel Street] (in Hebrew), Yedioth Ahronoth's Xnet
* Zax, Talya. "[https://forward.com/culture/346077/the-lessons-they-didnt-teach-me-on-birthright/ The Lessons They Didn't Teach Me on Birthright]". The Forward. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
*Kichka, Michel (July 16, 2016). "[https://he.kichka.com/2016/07/17/%d7%a7%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%aa%d7%a4%d7%99%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%aa/ Reconciled Caricatures]" (in Hebrew).

== See Also ==

* [[Banksy]] (Bristol) – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[List of street artists]]
* [[List of urban artists]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

*
{{Authority control}}


== See also ==
== See also ==

* [[John Kiss]]
* [[Culture of Israel]]
* [[Culture of Israel]]
* [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]
* [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]
Line 41: Line 157:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peace Kids}}

[[Category:2010s murals]]
[[Category:2015 paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings of children]]
[[Category:Public art in Israel]]
[[Category:Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]

Revision as of 21:03, 5 November 2021

The Peace Kids (Tel Aviv)
The work as seen from the street
Map
ArtistJohn Kiss
Year2014 (2014)
MediumGraffiti
MovementStreet art
Dimensions700 cm × 300 cm (280 in × 120 in)
LocationTel Aviv, Israel
Coordinates32°03′33″N 34°45′57″E / 32.0592°N 34.7657°E / 32.0592; 34.7657
The Peace Kids (Bethlehem)
The work as seen from the street
Map
ArtistJohn Kiss
Year2014 (2014)
MediumGraffiti
MovementStreet art
Dimensions700 cm × 300 cm (280 in × 120 in)
LocationBethlehem, Palestine
Coordinates31°43′24″N 35°12′21″E / 31.7233°N 35.2059°E / 31.7233; 35.2059

The Peace Kids is a mural in dual locations: Tel Aviv, Israel and Bethlehem, Palestine, by Israeli artist John Kiss, cocreated in Bethlehem with Palestinian artist Moodi Abdallah.

History

The work was created by John Kiss, an Israeli street artist and peace activist.[1][2][3] Known previously as Jonathan Kis-Lev,[4] His graffiti work, political installations, community-based projects and public artworks have granted him the title the “Israeli Banksy.”[5][6][7]

Kiss became involved in peace activities from a young age. Later, traumatized by his three years in Israel's mandatory military service, Kiss began spraying pro-peace and anti-war catchphrases.[8] These catchphrases were often sprayed in Hebrew and Arabic. However, Kiss felt construed and limited by mere words, and wished to express his yearning for peace in a non-verbal and visual way.[9]

Kiss thought extensively and sketched hundreds of images trying to depict peace in the Middle East and an end to the Arab–Israeli conflict. His sketches included as various elements as the peace symbol, dove and olive branch, broken rifles, a wolf living with a lamb, visual rearrangements of the word "peace" in Arabic ("salaam") and in Hebrew ("shalom"), and many other sketches.[9] Disappointed, he felt that "all attempts were lame."[9]

Kiss wished to create an iconic image, one that could "be reproduced on shirts and stickers, and could be immediately identified as a peace sign specifically to Palestinians and Israelis."[9] Kiss had in mind the location: the west bank barrier, and more specifically, the wall in Bethlehem, a wall whose construction Kiss had opposed, and a wall on which such artists as Banksy left their mark.[10][9]

Handala, symbol of Palestine

In a visit to the Bethlehem area, Kiss saw caricatures of Handala, a well-known Palestinian caricature. He had seen these caricatures before, but he did not know enough about the caricature or its meaning. Asking his Palestinian friends, Kiss found that Handala was the most famous caricature by Palestinian cartoonist Naji al-Ali.[11] Al-Ali first depicted Handala as a ten-year-old boy.[12] The figure turned his back to the viewer and clasped his hands behind his back.[13] Al-Ali explained that the ten-year-old represented his age when forced to leave Palestine and would not grow up until he could return to his homeland. Handala wears ragged clothes and is barefoot, symbolizing his allegiance to the poor. Al-Ali vowed that Handala would “reveal his face to the readers again only when Palestinian refugees return to their homeland”.[14][15][16]

Srulik, symbol of Israel

Kiss, realizing the caricature's importance as a national symbol and personification of the Palestinian people,[16] wished to examine the possibility of incorporating it into his art. It was then that he wondered whether Israel had a character that personified the Israeli people. He immediately thought of Srulik.[9]

Bethlehem, artist John Kiss working on the mural on the Israeli separation barrier, September 2014

Srulik is a cartoon character symbolizing Israel.[17] The character was created in 1956 by the Israeli cartoonist Dosh. Srulik is generally depicted as a young man "Zionist, pioneer, farmer"[15] wearing an Israeli hat, Biblical sandals, and dark khaki shorts.[15] Srulik was described as an icon of Israel in the same way that Marianne and Uncle Sam were respectively icons of France and the United States.[18][16]

Kiss thought that juxtaposing the two characters together could be a "powerful visual message to represent the hope for peace in the Middle East."[19][9] Kiss therefore began sketching the two characters together. For Handala to be recognizable, he had to be portrayed with his back to the viewer. Kiss wanted Srulik to be depicted next to Handala, in the same manner, and therfore had to place Srulik with his back to the viewer as well.[15][20]

In all of the caricatures of Srulik, he was never depicted from the back, and Kiss had to take artistic liberty in envisioning how the late artist Dosh would have sketched his iconic character from the back. Kiss drew the typical Israeli "Tembel" hat and the curl and ears as they would appear from the back, as well as the white shirt and dark pants, along with the biblical sandals.[16] In this version, both caricatures were turning their backs to the viewer, but their faces "to the future."[9]

In 2014 Kiss joined with Palestinian artist Moodi Abdallah, and together they met in Bethlehem, creating the large mural on the Bethlehem wall, sized 275 inches (700cm) high by 118 inches (300cm) wide.[16][9] Being an Israeli citizen, Kiss was committing a crime by disobeying Israeli military orders and entering Palestinian-Authority-controlled Bethlehem, where Israelis were not allowed to enter. Kiss stated later that "some laws need breaking, especially if through the violation there is a possibility of furthering peace."[9] Muki Jankelowitz, director of Machon, stated about the work that it "engages in discussion." He added, "If good art is meant to make people stop and think, then Kiss has achieved that."[16]

The Peace Kids in Tel Aviv, Frenkel Street

Kiss wished to paint the mural both in the Palestinian territories as well as within Israel, for the message of peace needed to be directed at both sides of the conflict.[9] He chose Tel Aviv as the location of the Israeli mural, on a street called Frenkel.

Reception

Art journalist Zipa Kampinski of Israel's largest newspaper, Yedioth Ahronoth,[21][22] dedicated an entire article to the new Kiss mural on Frenkel street, titled "Sparkle on Frenkel Street"[23] in which she wrote:

At first glance it seems like an innocent, almost childish painting. But first glances may be deceiving. It turns out John Kiss is not a fool. He only appears to be a goody two shoes. He dreamed of doing this painting for many years. [...] The characters are the main thing. They are not just two children walking into eternity embraced; these are two charged political symbols. The Israeli one: Srulik of the famous cartoonist and illustrator Dosh, a character born as early as 1956. And the other a Palestinian: Handala, the well-known refugee figure of cartoonist Naji al-Ali, first published in 1969. And now, in this new work, Srulik and Handala are embracing, walking together on such a high wall that it would be difficult to erase the possibility they represent. What gift could have made our streets happier than this one?[23]

The work was received with mixed criticism. It was called "naïve" and "delusional" by both Israeli and Palestinians.[9] Israeli illustrator and Bezalel Arts Academy professor Michel Kichka wrote:

I, too, have seen this large-scale graffiti [...] It is doubtful whether such a painting could have been created in the lives of Al-Ali and Dosh. Dosh was a nationalist right-wing, Ali was opposed to Israel's very existence. Nevertheless, this naïve painting has a spirit of reconciliation and brotherhood that warms the heart.[24]

The work was considered "an optimistic piece" according to Forward Magazine.[25] As such, it suited Kiss's wish to bring "happiness" to the viewers of his work.[26] Some commented that "this hug shows John Kiss's commitment to peace.”[27] Others saw it as a "yearning of Kiss for peace, essentially asking, 'why can't we all just get along.'"[28]

Art scholar Stav Shacham noted that "putting these two characters together, hugging, walking together on a path that we cannot see just yet, but there is a lot of optimism here." She called the work "one of the most beautiful works of art we have in Florentin."[29]

The painting was mentioned in numerous articles[30][27][24] and considered "subversive" to the commonplace Zionist narrative which may tend to ignore the existence of the Palestinian people as a national identity.[31][9] In an article in The Forward titled "The Lessons They Didn't Teach Me on Birthright", Talya Zax wrote about the mural, describing the "two children with their backs turned to the viewer, standing with their arms around each other."[15] Zax went on to describe the usual pro-Israel advocacy that tourists are subjected to when visiting Israel, without being shown "a single sign of resistance or rebellion against that narrative."[15] Yet, according to Zax, The Peace Kids mural was a positive deviation from the ethno-centric narrative, and revealed the problems Israel wishes to swipe under the carpet. Zax stated that Kiss' "choice to bring the two together, Srulik’s back turned just like Handala’s, seemed like an admission that all was not right. I found it oddly comforting."[15] According to Zax, the painting in the center of Tel Aviv was a sign of "rebellion"[15] and its message "nuanced, hopeful, inclusive."[15]

The artwork highlighted the development of the artist’s oeuvre beyond merely entertaining and decorative street art, featuring his criticism at the state of the stagnant peace process between the Israelis and the Palestinians.[32] The work subsequently became a symbol for peace, repainted by other artists,[30][33][34] reproduced on shirts,[35][36] included in artistic films,[37] and appearing on posters and peace conferences invitations.[32]

In 2019 Kiss was contacted by the magazine Peace Science Digest following the magazine's interest in The Peace Kids Mural. The international magazine, a project of the War Prevention Initiative, aims at closing the gap between the insights of peace science and the working knowledge that policy makers and practitioners use in their day-to-day operations.[38] Wishing to give the magazine a fresh edge, magazine editors asked for permission to use the Peace Kids Mural as the front cover for their June 2019 issue. Kiss enthusiastically approved, stating that he hoped for the visual message to be used freely with anything associated with peace, reconciliation, and conflict resolution.[9] The work was featured on the front cover of the magazine, crediting the artist for creating a "political" work portraying "Israeli Srulik and Palestinian Handala embracing each other."[39][40]

In October 2019 the work was featured in the British Reform Magazine.[41] The magazine noted:

The mural triggered enormous controversy. The genius of Kiss and his crew was to bring together these two iconic figures, who already had a life and significance of their own. [...] Kiss' graffito joins them in friendship. Critics on both sides of the divide have said the image is naïve, but to many others, it is an image of hope and aspiration.[41]

External links

See Also

References

  1. ^ Kiner, Saloma (21 November 2016). "A Tel Aviv, une méthode pour apprendre l'hébreu". L'Obs (in French). Retrieved 2021-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ Imagining Collective Futures : Perspectives from Social, Cultural and Political Psychology. Constance De Saint-Laurent, Sandra Obradović, Kevin R. Carriere. Cham. 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-76051-3. OCLC 1040613419.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ "Awards". Combatants For Peace. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  4. ^ "In 2020 Kiss officially changed his name from Jonathan Kis-Lev to John Kiss.". "About Kis-Lev". Jonathan Kis-Lev OFFICIAL Website. Retrieved 2021-10-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Fishman, Daniella (2021-04-30). "6 Incredible Street Art Pieces To Find In Tel Aviv". Jetset Times. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  6. ^ "Not your normal tour of Tel Aviv | Hamilton Jewish News". hamiltonjewishnews.com. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  7. ^ "Walls With Stories In Every Crack". The Mediterranean Observer. 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2021-07-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Srinivas, Rao (23 May 2018). "Jonathan Kis-Lev: Developing the Confidence to Master Your Creative Craft". Radio Public. "The Unmistakable Creative". Retrieved 2021-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Galit Giat. "Weekend Activities: Jonathan Kis-Lev about Street Art (beginning at 33 min.)" (in Hebrew). Nana 10. See also here: http://10tv.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1006332
  10. ^ "Graffiti artist Banksy goes to the Holy Land". Reuters. 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
  11. ^ Watch beginning at minute 36:04, Virtual Graffiti/Street Art tour through Tel Aviv with Niro Trip, retrieved 2021-08-10
  12. ^ Faber, Michel (11 July 2009). "Pens and swords". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  13. ^ Ashley, John; Jayousi, Nedal. "Discourse, Culture, and Education in the Israeli-Palestinian Co nflict 49 The Connection between Palestinian Culture and the Conflict" (PDF). Netanya Academic Centre. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  14. ^ Priyadarshini, Arya; Sigroha, Suman (2020-07-03). "Recovering the Palestinian History of Dispossession through Graphics in Leila Abdelrazaq's Baddawi". Eikón / Imago. 9: 395–418. doi:10.5209/eiko.73329. ISSN 2254-8718.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Zax, Talya (31 July 2016). "The Lessons They Didn't Teach Me on Birthright". The Forward. Retrieved 2021-07-06. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ a b c d e f Watch beginning at minute 29:49. Online lecture by Jankelowitz, Muki, Wisdom Around the World - Muki Jankelowitz, Israel "Graffiti in Southern Tel Aviv: An insight into Israeli society", Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, retrieved 2021-08-10
  17. ^ חן מלול, "ספר שרוליק": הפרויקט הסודי של דוש שלא הושלם מעולם, "הספרנים": בלוג הספרייה הלאומית, 1 בינואר 2018
  18. ^ "דוש, שרוליק ומיתוס 'היהודי הנצחי'". NRG. Retrieved 2021-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ Graffiti Lecture (in Hebrew), 27 December 2018, retrieved 2021-08-10
  20. ^ Begin watching at minute 51:08, Baltimore Zionist District online lecture, 21 October 2020, Tel Aviv Graffiti, retrieved 2021-08-10
  21. ^ The Israeli Press Jewish Virtual Library
  22. ^ "The press in Israel". BBC. May 8, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  23. ^ a b Kampinski, Zipa (26 September 2014), Sparkle on Frenkel Street (in Hebrew), Yedioth Ahronoth's Xnet
  24. ^ a b Kichka, Michel (2016-07-16). "Reconciled Caricatures" (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-06-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ Zeveloff, Naomi. "Take a Tour with the Graffiti Geek of Tel Aviv — and Learn Hebrew, Too". The Forward. Retrieved 2021-06-03. An optimistic piece by Jonathan Kislev with iconic Israeli cartoon "Srulik" embracing the iconic Palestinian cartoon "Handala."{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "My goal is to bring happiness, joy, enthusiasm and love to the viewers of my works." quoted in http://www.ncity.co.il/article.asp?aID=1101
  27. ^ a b Kiner, Saloma (21 November 2016). "A Tel Aviv, une méthode pour apprendre l'hébreu". L'Obs (in French). Retrieved 2021-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Tel Aviv Graffiti- Virtual Tour with BZD". American Zionist Movement. 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  29. ^ Shacham, Stav, The Tel Aviv Street Museum with Stav Shachaf, retrieved 2021-08-10
  30. ^ a b "דרום תל אביב: כפר שלם, שכונת התקווה ושכונת פלורנטין". עמירם במשעולי ישראל. 2018-05-20. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  31. ^ Krak, Michal. "שרוליק וחנדלה גרפיטי בתל אביב - 2021". Go Be Travel (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ^ a b See for example the invitation for the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and The Harry S. Truman Research Institute conference titled "Peace and Conflict: Childhood Under Conflict," on 4 November 2019, here
  33. ^ "Esra Magazine - Iconic Message On the Wall". magazinepre.esra.org.il. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  34. ^ "רשימות תל אביביות | קילומטר של אמנות יפואית". Haaretz הארץ (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  35. ^ Kark, Michal (17 June 2018). "The Power of Art" (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-08-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ "מיכל קרק - סיורים מחוץ למסגרת, BIRON 4, Tel Aviv (2021)". www.findglocal.com. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  37. ^ See for example, minute 1:09 in Florentin Tel Aviv - The Street is your gallery, retrieved 2021-08-10
  38. ^ 22940848. "Peace Science Digest Volume 4, Issue 2". Issuu. Retrieved 2021-08-01. {{cite web}}: |last= has numeric name (help)
  39. ^ "Front Cover". Peace Science Digest. 4 (2). May 2019. ISSN 2575-3886.
  40. ^ "Volume 4, Issue 2 · Peace Science Digest". Peace Science Digest. 2019-06-05. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  41. ^ a b Doney, Meryl (October 2019). "ART IN FOCUS: The Peace Kids: Jonathan Kis-Lev and crew, spray and wall paint". Reform (magazine). October 2019: 12–13.


See also

References

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