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===Influence on medical conditions===
===Influence on medical conditions===
The season in which babies are born can have a dramatic effect on their future risk relating to the development of conditions such as neurological disorders, including [[seasonal affective disorder]], [[bipolar depression]], [[schizophrenia]]<ref name="go">[http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/20101105221553data_trunc_sys.shtml Season of birth defines personality]</ref> and [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type I diabetes]].<ref>PE Watson and BW McDonald (2007). Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth ''European Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' 61, 1271–1280; {{doi|10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602644}} [saurav kumar http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v61/n11/abs/1602644a.html]</ref> Research has shown that the season a baby is born in can have a major effect on whether or not they will become a heavy smoker. This even varies between men to women.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Riala|first=Kaisa|author2=Helinä Hakko |author3=Anja Taanila |author4=Pirkko Räsänen |journal=Chronobiology International|year=2009|volume=26|issue=8|pages=1660–1672|doi=10.3109/07420520903534484|pmid=20030548|title=Season of Birth and Smoking: Findings from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort|s2cid=2486064}}</ref>
The season in which babies are born can have a dramatic effect on their future risk relating to the development of conditions such as neurological disorders, including [[seasonal affective disorder]], [[bipolar depression]], [[schizophrenia]]<ref name="go">{{Cite journal|last=Disanto|first=Giulio|last2=Morahan|first2=Julia M.|last3=Lacey|first3=Melanie V.|last4=DeLuca|first4=Gabriele C.|last5=Giovannoni|first5=Gavin|last6=Ebers|first6=George C.|last7=Ramagopalan|first7=Sreeram V.|date=2012-04-04|title=Seasonal Distribution of Psychiatric Births in England|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034866|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=7|issue=4|pages=e34866|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034866|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC3319623|pmid=22496872}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Choi|first=Charles Q.|date=2012-05-11|title=Being Born in Winter Can Mess With Your Head|url=https://www.livescience.com/20237-birth-season-mental-disorders.html|access-date=2021-11-16|website=livescience.com|language=en}}</ref> and [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type I diabetes]].<ref>PE Watson and BW McDonald (2007). Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth ''European Journal of Clinical Nutrition'' 61, 1271–1280; {{doi|10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602644}} [saurav kumar http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v61/n11/abs/1602644a.html]</ref> Research has shown that the season a baby is born in can have a major effect on whether or not they will become a heavy smoker. This even varies between men to women.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Riala|first=Kaisa|author2=Helinä Hakko |author3=Anja Taanila |author4=Pirkko Räsänen |journal=Chronobiology International|year=2009|volume=26|issue=8|pages=1660–1672|doi=10.3109/07420520903534484|pmid=20030548|title=Season of Birth and Smoking: Findings from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort|s2cid=2486064}}</ref>


===Large-scale population analytic studies===
===Large-scale population analytic studies===

Revision as of 17:27, 16 November 2021

A heat map visualizing the average number of births each day of the year in the United States from 1994 to 2014.[1]


Seasonal variation in human birth rate has been found to be a nearly universal phenomenon.[2] Also, birth seasonality has been found to be correlated with certain physiological and psychological traits of humans and animals.

Description

A ranking based on how many babies were born in the United States on that date between 1973 and 1999.[3]

Some Findings

Influence on medical conditions

The season in which babies are born can have a dramatic effect on their future risk relating to the development of conditions such as neurological disorders, including seasonal affective disorder, bipolar depression, schizophrenia[4][5] and type I diabetes.[6] Research has shown that the season a baby is born in can have a major effect on whether or not they will become a heavy smoker. This even varies between men to women.[7]

Large-scale population analytic studies

Recently, large-scale population analytics have allowed for the exploration of birth month/season hypotheses among large cohorts of people. One study used 1.7 million patients from Columbia University in New York City (NYC) to confirm associations between neurological conditions, respiratory condition and reproductive conditions with birth month.[8] In addition, they uncovered an association between cardiovascular diseases and birth month.[9] This was subsequently confirmed in a separate study, also using data from NYC.[10] Researchers also explored mechanisms correlated with birth season in a large population study including data from 10.5 million patients, from three countries (US, South Korea, and Taiwan) and six study sites.[11] They found correlations between relative age and school cutoff periods. And that first trimester exposure to fine air particulates increased the risk of atrial fibrillation later in life.[12]

The relationship between birth month/season and increased risk of cardiovascular disease was also confirmed in a study of close to 130,000 canines.[13] The birth season association was found among dogs not genetically predisposed to cardiovascular disease.[14]

As a factor in infant growth

The season during which a birth takes place has been linked to the weight development of the infant as well as initial weight.[citation needed]

As a factor in academic development

There is evidence that suggests that children who are born earlier while they attend the same academic year with others, gain an advantage:

"In Britain the academic year begins in September, and there may be almost a year's chronological age difference between the eldest (September birthday) and youngest (August birthday) children in the same class. There is evidence that, in this context, children born in the autumn term (September to December birthdays) perform better academically, relative to their class peers, than those born in the spring term (January to April birthdays), who in turn outperform those born in the summer term (May to August birthdays)." [15]

As a suicide risk factor

See also: Seasonal effects on suicide rates

Birth rates of people who later complete a suicide show disproportionate excess for April, May and June compared with the other months. Overall, the risk of suicide increases by 17% for people born in the spring–early summer compared with those born in the autumn–early winter; this risk increase was larger for women (29.6%) than for men (13.7%).[16]

Research works in Sweden show that those who preferred hanging rather than poisoning or petrol gases were significantly more likely to be born during February–April. Maximum of the month-of-birth curve for preferring hanging was for March–April and the minimum was for September–October.[17]

References

  1. ^ The Daily Viz. 05/12/2012. Matt Stiles. How Common Is Your Birthday?
  2. ^ "Human Birth Seasonality" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ The New York Times. December 19, 2006. How Common Is Your Birthday? Source: Amitabh Chandra, Harvard University [1]
  4. ^ Disanto, Giulio; Morahan, Julia M.; Lacey, Melanie V.; DeLuca, Gabriele C.; Giovannoni, Gavin; Ebers, George C.; Ramagopalan, Sreeram V. (2012-04-04). "Seasonal Distribution of Psychiatric Births in England". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e34866. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034866. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3319623. PMID 22496872.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Choi, Charles Q. (2012-05-11). "Being Born in Winter Can Mess With Your Head". livescience.com. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
  6. ^ PE Watson and BW McDonald (2007). Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 1271–1280; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602644 [saurav kumar http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v61/n11/abs/1602644a.html]
  7. ^ Riala, Kaisa; Helinä Hakko; Anja Taanila; Pirkko Räsänen (2009). "Season of Birth and Smoking: Findings from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort". Chronobiology International. 26 (8): 1660–1672. doi:10.3109/07420520903534484. PMID 20030548. S2CID 2486064.
  8. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Zachary Shahn; David Madigan; George Hripcsak; Nicholas P Tatonetti (2015). "Birth month affects lifetime disease risk: a phenome-wide method". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 22 (5): 1042–1053. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv046. PMC 4986668. PMID 26041386.
  9. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Zachary Shahn; David Madigan; George Hripcsak; Nicholas P Tatonetti (2015). "Birth month affects lifetime disease risk: a phenome-wide method". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 22 (5): 1042–1053. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv046. PMC 4986668. PMID 26041386.
  10. ^ Li, Li; Mary Regina Boland; Riccardo Miotto; Nicholas P. Tatonetti; Joel T. Dudley (2016). "Replicating Cardiovascular Condition-Birth Month Associations". Scientific Reports. 6: 33166. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633166L. doi:10.1038/srep33166. PMC 5021975. PMID 27624541.
  11. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Pradipta Parhi; Li Li; Riccardo Miotto; Usman Iqbal; Phung-Anh (Alex) Nguyen; Martijn Schuemie; Seng Chan You; Donahue Smith; Sean Mooney; Patrick Ryan; Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li; Rae Woong Park; JC Denny; Joel T Dudley; George Hripcsak; Pierre Gentine; Nicholas P Tatonetti (2018). "Uncovering exposures responsible for birth season – disease effects: a global study". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 25 (3): 275–288. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx105. PMC 7282503. PMID 29036387.
  12. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Pradipta Parhi; Li Li; Riccardo Miotto; Usman Iqbal; Phung-Anh (Alex) Nguyen; Martijn Schuemie; Seng Chan You; Donahue Smith; Sean Mooney; Patrick Ryan; Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li; Rae Woong Park; JC Denny; Joel T Dudley; George Hripcsak; Pierre Gentine; Nicholas P Tatonetti (2018). "Uncovering exposures responsible for birth season – disease effects: a global study". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 25 (3): 275–288. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx105. PMC 7282503. PMID 29036387.
  13. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Marc S. Kraus; Eddie Dziuk; Anna R. Gelzer (2018). "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Varies by Birth Month in Canines". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 7130. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.7130B. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25199-w. PMC 5958072. PMID 29773810.
  14. ^ Boland, Mary Regina; Marc S. Kraus; Eddie Dziuk; Anna R. Gelzer (2018). "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Varies by Birth Month in Canines". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 7130. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.7130B. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25199-w. PMC 5958072. PMID 29773810.
  15. ^ Russell and Startup, (1986), found in: Ford, J. G. T. & Goodman, R. (2002) Does season of birth matter? The relationship between age within the school year (season of birth) and educational difficulties among a representative general population sample of children and adolescents (aged 5-15) in Great Britain. Research in Education [2]
  16. ^ E. Salib and M. Cortnia-Borja. Effect of month of birth on the risk of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, May 1, 2006; 188(5): 416 - 422. [3]
  17. ^ Chotai J, Salander Renberg E. Season of birth variations in suicide methods in relation to any history of psychiatric contacts support an independent suicidality trait. J Affect Disord 2002; 69: 69-81. (CrossRef) [4]
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