Novel coronavirus: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Reverted edits by 2601:588:8400:AFB0:E925:6D15:A617:8F82 (talk) to last version by Meno25
Line 12: Line 12:
! Other names
! Other names
! Original host<ref group=lower-alpha>Host jump capability may not persist</ref>
! Original host<ref group=lower-alpha>Host jump capability may not persist</ref>
! Place (date) of discovery
! Place of discovery
! Disease caused
! Disease caused
|-
|-
| [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)<ref name=strain group=lower-alpha>This virus is not a distinct [[species]], but rather a [[Strain (biology)|strain]] of the species [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus|SARSr-CoV]]</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper">{{cite web|title=The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903626|website=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|publisher=BBC News}}.</ref>||2019-nCoV; SARS virus 2; Human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19)|| [[pangolin]]s, [[horseshoe bat|bats]] || Wuhan, China (2019) || [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19)<ref group=lower-alpha>Synonyms include ''2019 coronavirus pneumonia'' and ''Wuhan respiratory syndrome''</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper">{{cite web|title=The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903626|website=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>According to [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/U07.1 ICD-10] the disease is referred to as "''2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]''". It is not listed in [https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3A%2F%2Fid.who.int%2Ficd%2Fentity%2F1251496839 ICD-11].</ref>
| [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)<ref name=strain group=lower-alpha>This virus is not a distinct [[species]], but rather a [[Strain (biology)|strain]] of the species [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus|SARSr-CoV]]</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper">{{cite web|title=The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903626|website=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|publisher=BBC News}}.</ref>||(2019) '''novel coronavirus (''nCoV'')'''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zhou|first1=P.|last2=Yang|first2=X. L.|last3=Wang|first3=X. G.|last4=Hu|first4=B.|last5=Zhang|first5=L.|last6=Zhang|first6=W.|last7=Si|first7=H. R.|last8=Zhu|first8=Y.|last9=Li|first9=B.|last10=Huang|first10=C. L.|last11=Chen|first11=H. D.|display-authors=6|date=March 2020|title=A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=579|issue=7798|pages=270–273|bibcode=2020Natur.579..270Z|doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7|pmc=7095418|pmid=32015507|last16=Liu|first29=Z. L.|last27=Wang|first27=Y. Y.|last28=Xiao|first28=G. F.|last29=Shi|last14=Guo|last15=Jiang|first14=H.|last26=Zhan|first13=Y.|last13=Luo|first12=J.|last12=Chen|first26=F. X.|first25=B.|first16=M. Q.|first20=X. S.|last17=Chen|first17=Y.|first15=R. D.|first18=X. R.|last19=Wang|first19=X.|last20=Zheng|last21=Zhao|last25=Yan|first21=K.|last22=Chen|first22=Q. J.|last23=Deng|first23=F.|last24=Liu|first24=L. L.|last18=Shen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Novel Coronavirus – China|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=WHO|archive-date=23 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123165233/https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>; SARS virus 2; Human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19)|| [[pangolin]]s, [[horseshoe bat|bats]] || Wuhan, China || [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19)<ref group=lower-alpha>Synonyms include ''2019 coronavirus pneumonia'' and ''Wuhan respiratory syndrome''</ref><ref name="ACAIM-WACEM COVID-19 Consensus Paper">{{cite web|title=The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903626|website=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>According to [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/U07.1 ICD-10] the disease is referred to as "''2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]''". It is not listed in [https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3A%2F%2Fid.who.int%2Ficd%2Fentity%2F1251496839 ICD-11].</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus]] (MERS-CoV)<ref group=lower-alpha>Strains include [[MERS coronavirus EMC/2012]] and [[London1 novel CoV/2012]]</ref> || Middle East virus; MERS virus; camel flu virus || [[dromedary|camels]], [[Vespertilionidae|bats]] || Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2012) || [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS)
| [[Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus]] (MERS-CoV)<ref group=lower-alpha>Strains include [[MERS coronavirus EMC/2012]] and [[London1 novel CoV/2012]]</ref> || (2012) '''novel coronavirus'''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA | title = Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 367 | issue = 19 | pages = 1814–20 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23075143 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 | s2cid = 7671909 | doi-access = free }}</ref>; MERS virus; Middle East virus; camel flu virus || [[dromedary|camels]], [[Vespertilionidae|bats]] || Jeddah, Saudi Arabia || [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS)
|-
|-
| [[Human coronavirus HKU1]] (HCoV-HKU1)||New Haven virus || [[mouse|mice]] || Hong Kong (2005) || unnamed, extremely rare, usually [[Common cold|mild variant]] of [[coronavirus respiratory syndrome]]
| [[Human coronavirus HKU1]] (HCoV-HKU1)||(2004) '''novel coronavirus'''<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1128/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005 |title=Characterization and Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Coronavirus, Coronavirus HKU1, from Patients with Pneumonia |year=2004 |last1=Woo |first1=P. C. Y. |last2=Lau |first2=S. K. P. |last3=Chu |first3=C.-m. |last4=Chan |first4=K.-h. |last5=Tsoi |first5=H.-w. |last6=Huang |first6=Y. |last7=Wong |first7=B. H. L. |last8=Poon |first8=R. W. S. |last9=Cai |first9=J. J. |last10=Luk |first10=W.-k. |last11=Poon |first11=L. L. M. |last12=Wong |first12=S. S. Y. |last13=Guan |first13=Y. |last14=Peiris |first14=J. S. M. |last15=Yuen |first15=K.-y. |author-link15=Yuen Kwok-yung |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=884–95 |pmid=15613317 |pmc=538593}}</ref>; New Haven virus || [[mouse|mice]] || Hong Kong, China || unnamed, extremely rare, usually [[Common cold|mild variant]] of [[coronavirus respiratory syndrome]]
|-
|-
| [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1]] (SARS-CoV-1)<ref name=strain group=lower-alpha/>||(2002) '''novel coronavirus'''<ref>{{cite journal |author-last1=Yang |author-first1=M. |author-last2=Li |author-first2=C. K. |author-last3=Li |author-first3=K. |author-last4=Hon |author-first4=K. L. |author-last5=Ng |author-first5=M. H. |author-last6=Chan |author-first6=P. K. |author-last7=Fok |author-first7=T. F. |title=Hematological findings in SARS patients and possible mechanisms |type=review |journal=[[International Journal of Molecular Medicine]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=311–315 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15254784 |url=http://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/14/2/311 |doi=10.3892/ijmm.14.2.311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104246/http://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/14/2/311 |archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author-last1=Li |author-first1=Wenhui |author-last2=Moore |author-first2=Michael J. |author-last3=Vasilieva |author-first3=Natalya |author-last4=Sui |author-first4=Jianhua |author-last5=Wong |author-first5=Swee Kee |author-last6=Berne |author-first6=Michael A. |author-last7=Somasundaran |author-first7=Mohan |author-last8=Sullivan |author-first8=John L. |author-last9=Luzuriaga |author-first9=Katherine |author-last10=Greenough |author-first10=Thomas C. |author-last11=Choe |author-first11=Hyeryun |date=November 2003 |title=Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |language=en |volume=426 |issue=6965 |pages=450–454 |doi=10.1038/nature02145 |pmid=14647384 |pmc=7095016 |bibcode=2003Natur.426..450L |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>; SARS virus || [[masked palm civet|civets]], [[horseshoe bat|bats]] || Foshan, China || [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS)
| [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1]] (SARS-CoV-1)<ref name=strain group=lower-alpha/>|| SARS virus || [[masked palm civet|civets]], [[horseshoe bat|bats]] || Foshan, China (2002) || [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS)
|-
|-
| colspan="6" style="padding-left: .5em; vertical-align: bottom" |{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
| colspan="6" style="padding-left: .5em; vertical-align: bottom" |{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
Line 29: Line 29:


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word "novel" indicates a "new [[pathogen]] of a previously known type" (''i.e.'' known [[Family (biology)|family]]) of virus. Use of the word conforms to best practices for naming new infectious diseases published by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in 2015. Historically, pathogens have sometimes been named after locations, individuals, or specific species.<ref>Ghosh R, Das S. A Brief Review of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Outbreak. Global Journal for Research Analysis. 2020; 9 (2).</ref> However, this practice is now explicitly discouraged by the WHO.<ref>[https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases]. World Health Organization. May 2015.</ref> A study published in 2020 suggested that referring to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as the "Chinese virus" was stigmatizing and could hinder public health efforts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Budhwani |first1=Henna |last2=Sun |first2=Ruoyan |title=Creating COVID-19 Stigma by Referencing the Novel Coronavirus as the "Chinese virus" on Twitter: Quantitative Analysis of Social Media Data |journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research |date=2020 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=e19301 |doi=10.2196/19301 |pmid=32343669 |pmc=7205030 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The word "novel" indicates a "new [[pathogen]] of a previously known type" (''i.e.'' known [[Family (biology)|family]]) of virus. Use of the word conforms to best practices for naming new infectious diseases published by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in 2015. Historically, pathogens have sometimes been named after locations, individuals, or specific species.<ref>Ghosh R, Das S. A Brief Review of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Outbreak. Global Journal for Research Analysis. 2020; 9 (2).</ref> However, this practice is now explicitly discouraged by the WHO.<ref>[https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases]. World Health Organization. May 2015.</ref>


The official permanent names for viruses and for diseases are determined by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]] and the WHO's [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems|ICD]], respectively.
The official permanent names for viruses and for diseases are determined by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]] and the WHO's [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems|ICD]], respectively.

At the beginning of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei]] a 2020 study from [[University of Alabama at Birmingham |Alabama University]] found a more than ten-fold increase in use of expressions such as "Chinese virus" or "Wu flu virus" on [[Twitter]] compared to before the outbreak. The researchers voiced concerns whether such terminology could hinder public health efforts or be stigmatizing. No such effects were observed in the wake of the [[Middle East respiratory syndrome#Epidemiology |MERS outbreaks]] being referred to as "Camel flu virus" or "Middle East virus".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Budhwani |first1=Henna |last2=Sun |first2=Ruoyan |title=Creating COVID-19 Stigma by Referencing the Novel Coronavirus as the "Chinese virus" on Twitter: Quantitative Analysis of Social Media Data |journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research |date=2020 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=e19301 |doi=10.2196/19301 |pmid=32343669 |pmc=7205030 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 13:29, 29 November 2021

This article is about the naming of newly discovered coronaviruses. For the 2019 virus, see Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. For the ongoing pandemic, see COVID-19 pandemic.
Look up nCoV in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a provisional name given to coronaviruses of medical significance before a permanent name is decided upon. Although coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections normally mild, such as the common cold (caused by human coronaviruses in ~15% of cases), cross-species transmission has produced some unusually virulent strains which can cause viral pneumonia and in serious cases even acute respiratory distress syndrome and death.[1][2][3][4]

Species

The following viruses could initially be referred to as "novel coronavirus", before being formally named:

Human pathogenic novel coronaviridae species
Official name Other names Original host[a] Place of discovery Disease caused
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)[b][4][5] (2019) novel coronavirus (nCoV)[6][7]; SARS virus 2; Human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19) pangolins, bats Wuhan, China coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[c][4][8]
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)[d] (2012) novel coronavirus[9]; MERS virus; Middle East virus; camel flu virus camels, bats Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) (2004) novel coronavirus[10]; New Haven virus mice Hong Kong, China unnamed, extremely rare, usually mild variant of coronavirus respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1)[b] (2002) novel coronavirus[11][12]; SARS virus civets, bats Foshan, China severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  1. ^ Host jump capability may not persist
  2. ^ a b This virus is not a distinct species, but rather a strain of the species SARSr-CoV
  3. ^ Synonyms include 2019 coronavirus pneumonia and Wuhan respiratory syndrome
  4. ^ Strains include MERS coronavirus EMC/2012 and London1 novel CoV/2012

All four viruses are part of the Betacoronavirus genus within the coronavirus family.

Etymology

The word "novel" indicates a "new pathogen of a previously known type" (i.e. known family) of virus. Use of the word conforms to best practices for naming new infectious diseases published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. Historically, pathogens have sometimes been named after locations, individuals, or specific species.[13] However, this practice is now explicitly discouraged by the WHO.[14]

The official permanent names for viruses and for diseases are determined by the ICTV and the WHO's ICD, respectively.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei a 2020 study from Alabama University found a more than ten-fold increase in use of expressions such as "Chinese virus" or "Wu flu virus" on Twitter compared to before the outbreak. The researchers voiced concerns whether such terminology could hinder public health efforts or be stigmatizing. No such effects were observed in the wake of the MERS outbreaks being referred to as "Camel flu virus" or "Middle East virus".[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Murray and Nadel (2010). Chapter 31.
  2. ^ Cunha (2010). pp. 6–18.
  3. ^ Melmed (2011). p. 636
  4. ^ a b c "The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID‑19 Working Group Consensus Paper". ResearchGate. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  5. ^ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19". BBC News..
  6. ^ Zhou, P.; Yang, X. L.; Wang, X. G.; Hu, B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; et al. (March 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature. 579 (7798): 270–273. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..270Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PMC 7095418. PMID 32015507.
  7. ^ "WHO | Novel Coronavirus – China". WHO. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  8. ^ According to ICD-10 the disease is referred to as "2019-new coronavirus acute respiratory disease [temporary name]". It is not listed in ICD-11.
  9. ^ Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA (November 2012). "Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (19): 1814–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. PMID 23075143. S2CID 7671909.
  10. ^ Woo, P. C. Y.; Lau, S. K. P.; Chu, C.-m.; Chan, K.-h.; Tsoi, H.-w.; Huang, Y.; Wong, B. H. L.; Poon, R. W. S.; Cai, J. J.; Luk, W.-k.; Poon, L. L. M.; Wong, S. S. Y.; Guan, Y.; Peiris, J. S. M.; Yuen, K.-y. (2004). "Characterization and Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Coronavirus, Coronavirus HKU1, from Patients with Pneumonia". Journal of Virology. 79 (2): 884–95. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005. PMC 538593. PMID 15613317.
  11. ^ Yang, M.; Li, C. K.; Li, K.; Hon, K. L.; Ng, M. H.; Chan, P. K.; Fok, T. F. (August 2004). "Hematological findings in SARS patients and possible mechanisms". International Journal of Molecular Medicine (review). 14 (2): 311–315. doi:10.3892/ijmm.14.2.311. PMID 15254784. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.
  12. ^ Li, Wenhui; Moore, Michael J.; Vasilieva, Natalya; Sui, Jianhua; Wong, Swee Kee; Berne, Michael A.; Somasundaran, Mohan; Sullivan, John L.; Luzuriaga, Katherine; Greenough, Thomas C.; Choe, Hyeryun (November 2003). "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus". Nature. 426 (6965): 450–454. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..450L. doi:10.1038/nature02145. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7095016. PMID 14647384.
  13. ^ Ghosh R, Das S. A Brief Review of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Outbreak. Global Journal for Research Analysis. 2020; 9 (2).
  14. ^ World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases. World Health Organization. May 2015.
  15. ^ Budhwani, Henna; Sun, Ruoyan (2020). "Creating COVID-19 Stigma by Referencing the Novel Coronavirus as the "Chinese virus" on Twitter: Quantitative Analysis of Social Media Data". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 22 (5): e19301. doi:10.2196/19301. PMC 7205030. PMID 32343669.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novel_coronavirus&oldid=1057754138"