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'''A-process''' refers to the one of the emotional internal processes or responses of the [[opponent-process theory]]. The A-process is largely responsible for the initial, usually fast and immediate, [[emotional reaction]] to a [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimulus]]. The theory considers it a primary process and may be affectively positive or negative, but never neutral.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Computational Neuroscience of Drug Addiction|last=Gutkin|first=Boris|last2=Ahmed|first2=Serge|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|year=2011|isbn=9781461407508|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref> The theory also proposes that this process automatically causes a [[B-process]], which is subjectively and physiologically opposite in direction to the A-process.<ref name=":1" /> |
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There is a peak response to any emotional stimuli which usually occurs rapidly, usually out of shock, but lasts only as long as the stimuli is present. In a physiological sense, the a-process is where the [[Pupil|pupils]] [[Pupil dilation|dilate]], the [[heart rate]] increases, and the [[adrenaline]] rushes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751780873|title=Learning and behavior|last=Mazur|first=James E.|date=2013|publisher=Pearson|year=|isbn=9780205246441|edition=7th|location=Boston|pages=|oclc=751780873}}</ref> |
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== A- and B-processes == |
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The A- and B-processes are consequently and temporarily linked but were believed to depend on different neurobiological mechanisms.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Neurobiology of Addiction|last=Koob|first=George|last2=Le Moal|first2=Michel|publisher=Academic Press|year=2005|isbn=9780124192393|location=London|pages=14}}</ref> B-Process, the other part of opponent-process theory, occurs after the initial shock, or emotion and is evoked after a short delay.<ref name=":2" /> A-process and B-process overlap in somewhat of an intermediate area. While A-process is still in effect, B-process starts to rise, ultimately leveling out a-process' initial spike in emotion. A-process ends once the stimulus is terminated, leaves, or ends. Physiologically, this is where breathing returns to normal, pulse slows back to its normal rate, and heart rate starts to drop. The B-process can be thought of as the "after-reaction".<ref name=":0" /> Once B-process has ended, the body returns to [[homeostasis]] and emotions return to baseline. |
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Research on the brain mechanisms of drug addiction showed how the A-process is equated with the pleasure derived from drugs and once it weakens, it is followed by the strengthening of the B-process, which are the withdrawal symptoms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Learning and Behavior: Seventh Edition|last=Mazur|first=James|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780205246441|location=Oxon|pages=46}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Neuropsychology]] |
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{{neuro-stub}} |
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{{psych-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:13, 17 December 2021
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