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Anthony L. (Tony) Komaroff was raised in [[Los Angeles, California]]. He attended college at [[Stanford University]] and medical school at the [[University of Washington]] in Seattle.
Anthony L. (Tony) Komaroff was raised in [[Los Angeles, California]]. He attended college at [[Stanford University]] and medical school at the [[University of Washington]] in Seattle.


Following medical school, he received training in internal medicine at [[Harvard Medical School]] and then joined the faculty.
== Career ==
Following medical school, he attended [[Harvard Medical School]] for training in internal medicine and then joined the faculty.


Komaroff was the Director of the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care at [[Brigham & Women's Hospital]], Boston MA, from 1982–1997, and built one of the world’s renowned academic general medicine units. From 1982–1987, he was the vice president for management systems of [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]]. From 1997 through January 2015, he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Health Publications Division (HHP) of [[Harvard Medical School]], the division responsible for publishing all of the School's health information for the general public—books, newsletters, Internet content and doctors' office information. The information is published in multiple languages, in countries around the world.
Komaroff was the Director of the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care at [[Brigham & Women's Hospital]], Boston MA, from 1982–1997, and built one of the world’s renowned academic general medicine units. From 1982–1987, he was the vice president for management systems of [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]], with oversight of it computer systems. From 1997 through January 2015, he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Health Publications Division (HHP) of [[Harvard Medical School]], the division responsible for publishing all of the School's health information for the general public—books, newsletters, Internet content and doctors' office information. The information is published in multiple languages, in countries around the world [https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/66899].


He has published over 230 research articles and book chapters, and two books. His publications cover the development of clinical algorithms,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=4148936 |year=1974 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |last2=Black |first2=WL |last3=Flatley |first3=M |last4=Knopp |first4=RH |last5=Reiffen |first5=B |last6=Sherman |first6=H |title=Protocols for physician assistants. Management of diabetes and hypertension |volume=290 |issue=6 |pages=307–12 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197402072900605 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=23495 |year=1978 |last1=Greenfield |first1=S |last2=Komaroff |first2=AL |last3=Pass |first3=TM |last4=Anderson |first4=H |last5=Nessim |first5=S |title=Efficiency and cost of primary care by nurses and physician assistants |volume=298 |issue=6 |pages=305–9 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197802092980604 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref> cost-effectiveness analyses of primary care practices,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=6804866 |year=1982 |last1=Berwick |first1=DM |last2=Komaroff |first2=AL |title=Cost effectiveness of lead screening |volume=306 |issue=23 |pages=1392–8 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198206103062304 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref> clinical research on common respiratory and urinary infections,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.6415813 |title=Serologic evidence of chlamydial and mycoplasmal pharyngitis in adults |year=1983 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL. |last2=Aronson |first2=M. |last3=Pass |first3=T. |last4=Ervin |first4=C. |last5=Branch |first5=W. |last6=Schachter |first6=J |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=4626 |pages=927–9 |pmid=6415813}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1056/NEJM198008213030808 |title=The Dysuria-Pyuria Syndrome |year=1980 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL. |last2=Friedland |first2=G |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=303 |issue=8 |pages=452–4 |pmid=6893073}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref> and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1055/s-0031-1287654 |title=Role of infection and neurologic dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome |year=2011 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |last2=Cho |first2=T |journal=Seminars in Neurology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=325–37 |pmid=21964849|url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37156529 }}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hornig|first1=M|title=Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME/CFS are present early in the course of illness.|journal=Science Advances|date=2015|volume=1|issue=1|page=e1400121|pmid=26079000|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400121|display-authors=etal|pmc=4465185}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Real Illness|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=2015|volume=162|issue=12|pages=871–2|pmid=26075760|doi=10.7326/m15-0647|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Inflammation correlates with symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA |year=2017 |volume=114 |issue=34 |pages=8914–6 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1712475114 |pmid=28811366 |pmc=5576849|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome. |journal=JAMA |year=2019 |volume=322 |issue=6 |pages=499–500 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.8312|pmid=31276153}}</ref> Komaroff also has published research on [[human herpesvirus 6]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arbuckle|first1=JH|title=The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=2010|volume=107|issue=12|pages=5563–8|doi=10.1073/pnas.0913586107|pmid=20212114|display-authors=etal|pmc=2851814|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zerr|first1=DM|last2=Komaroff|first2=AL|title=Cognitive dysfunction from HHV-6A and HHV-6B. In: Human Herpesviruses HHV-6A, HHV-6B and HHV-7, Eds: L Flamand, I Lautenschlager, GRF Krueger, DV Ablashi.|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier|pages=99–143}}</ref>
Komaroff has published over 280 research articles and book chapters, and two books. His early publications cover the development of clinical algorithms,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=4148936 |year=1974 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |last2=Black |first2=WL |last3=Flatley |first3=M |last4=Knopp |first4=RH |last5=Reiffen |first5=B |last6=Sherman |first6=H |title=Protocols for physician assistants. Management of diabetes and hypertension |volume=290 |issue=6 |pages=307–12 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197402072900605 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=23495 |year=1978 |last1=Greenfield |first1=S |last2=Komaroff |first2=AL |last3=Pass |first3=TM |last4=Anderson |first4=H |last5=Nessim |first5=S |title=Efficiency and cost of primary care by nurses and physician assistants |volume=298 |issue=6 |pages=305–9 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197802092980604 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref> cost-effectiveness analyses of primary care practices,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=6804866 |year=1982 |last1=Berwick |first1=DM |last2=Komaroff |first2=AL |title=Cost effectiveness of lead screening |volume=306 |issue=23 |pages=1392–8 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198206103062304 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref> and clinical research on common respiratory and urinary infections,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.6415813 |title=Serologic evidence of chlamydial and mycoplasmal pharyngitis in adults |year=1983 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL. |last2=Aronson |first2=M. |last3=Pass |first3=T. |last4=Ervin |first4=C. |last5=Branch |first5=W. |last6=Schachter |first6=J |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=4626 |pages=927–9 |pmid=6415813}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1056/NEJM198008213030808 |title=The Dysuria-Pyuria Syndrome |year=1980 |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL. |last2=Friedland |first2=G |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=303 |issue=8 |pages=452–4 |pmid=6893073}}{{psc|date=May 2012}}</ref>. In recent decades, Dr. Komaroff’s research has focused on [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Real Illness|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=2015|volume=162|issue=12|pages=871–2|pmid=26075760|doi=10.7326/m15-0647|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Inflammation correlates with symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA |year=2017 |volume=114 |issue=34 |pages=8914–6 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1712475114 |pmid=28811366 |pmc=5576849|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome. |journal=JAMA |year=2019 |volume=322 |issue=6 |pages=499–500 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.8312|pmid=31276153}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nagy-Szakal|first1=D|title=Insights into myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome phenotypes through comprehensive metabolomics.|journal=Scientific Reports|year=2018|volume=8|page=10056|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28477-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Insights from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome may help unravel the pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. |journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine|year=2021|volume=27|pages=895-906|doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2021.06.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Paul|first1=B|title=Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA|year=2021|volume=118|page= e2024358118|doi=10.1073/pnas.2024358118}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Will COVID-19 lead to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome? |journal=Frontiers in Medicine|year=2021|volume=7|page=606824|doi=10.3389/fmed.2020.606824}}</ref> and also on [[human herpesvirus 6]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arbuckle|first1=JH|title=The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA|date=2010|volume=107|issue=12|pages=5563–8|doi=10.1073/pnas.0913586107|pmid=20212114|display-authors=etal|pmc=2851814|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B in brain diseases: association versus causation. |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|year=2020|volume=34|pages=e00143-20|doi=10.1128.CMR.00143-20|}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B in reproductive diseases. |journal=Frontiers in Immunology|year=2021|volume=12|page=648945|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2021.648945}}</ref>.
Komaroff was the Editor in Chief of the best-selling book, the ''Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Komaroff|first=Anthony L.|title=Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide|year=1999|publisher=Simon & Schuster}}</ref>; is the founding editor of ''NEJM [[Journal Watch]]'', a publication of the [[New England Journal of Medicine]] [https://www.jwatch.org]; is the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Health Letter, a newsletter from [[Harvard Medical School]] for the general public [https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/harvard_health_letter]; and from 2011-December 2016 was the author of a daily newspaper column, ''Ask Doctor K'', that was syndicated by [[United Media]] and appeared in over 400 newspapers in North America. In these publications, and in medical journals, he describes the latest developments in biological science and medical research to both practicing health professionals and the general public.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=The microbiome and risk for obesity and diabetes. |journal=JAMA |year=2017 |volume=317 |issue=4 |pages=355–6 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.20099 |pmid=28006047|s2cid=5078210 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Gene editing using CRISPR: why the excitement? |journal=JAMA |year=2017 |volume=318 |issue=8 |pages=699–700 |doi=10.1001/jama.2017.10159 |pmid=28796848}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Can infections cause Alzheimer disease? |journal=JAMA|year=2020|volume=324|pages=239-40|doi= 10.1001/jama.2020.4085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Does sleep flush wastes from the brain? |journal=JAMA|volume=325|pages=2153-4|doi=10.1001/jama.2021.5631}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Breakthrough discovery in protein structure prediction and the promise of new treatments. |journal=JAMA|volume=326|pages=1369-70|doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15728}}</ref>.


Finally, Komaroff also served as editor of the autobiographies of two biomedical scientists, Nobel Laureates [[Joseph E. Murray]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Joseph E.|title=Surgery of the Soul|year=2001|publisher=Science History Publications USA}}</ref> and [[Thomas H. Weller]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Weller|first=Thomas H.|title=Growing Pathogens in Tissue Cultures|year=2004|publisher=Science History Publications USA}}</ref>.
Komaroff was the Editor in Chief of the best-selling book, the ''Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide''; is the founding editor of ''NEJM [[Journal Watch]]'', a publication of the [[New England Journal of Medicine]]; is the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Health Letter, a newsletter from [[Harvard Medical School]] for the general public; and from 2011-December 2016 was the author of a daily newspaper column, ''Ask Doctor K'', that was syndicated by [[United Media]] and appeared in over 400 newspapers in North America. In these publications, he describes the latest developments in biological science and medical research to both practicing health professionals and the general public.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Komaroff|first1=AL|title=Modern biological research, medical practice, and human knowledge.|journal=JAMA|date=2015|volume=314|issue=11|pages=1133–5|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.10893|pmid=26372579}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=The microbiome and risk for obesity and diabetes. |journal=JAMA |year=2017 |volume=317 |issue=4 |pages=355–6 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.20099 |pmid=28006047|s2cid=5078210 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Komaroff |first1=AL |title=Gene editing using CRISPR: why the excitement? |journal=JAMA |year=2017 |volume=318 |issue=8 |pages=699–700 |doi=10.1001/jama.2017.10159 |pmid=28796848}}</ref>


Komaroff serves as the Distinguished Simcox-Clifford-Higby Professor of Medicine at [[Harvard Medical School]] and Senior Physician at [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]] in Boston[https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/66899].
Finally, Komaroff also served as editor of the autobiographies of two biomedical scientists, Nobel Laureates [[Joseph E. Murray]] and [[Thomas H. Weller]].

Komaroff serves as the Distinguished Simcox-Clifford-Higby Professor of Medicine at [[Harvard Medical School]] and Senior Physician at [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]] in Boston.


==Honors==
==Honors==

Revision as of 05:20, 25 January 2022

Anthony Komaroff
Born (1941-06-07) June 7, 1941 (age 82)
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materStanford University (A.B.), University of Washington (M.D.)
SpouseLydia Villa-Komaroff
Scientific career
FieldsGeneral internal medicine, Clinical epidemiology
InstitutionsHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Anthony L. Komaroff (born June 7, 1941) is an American physician, clinical investigator, editor, and publisher. He serves as the Distinguished Simcox-Clifford-Higby Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Senior Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.

Early life

Anthony L. (Tony) Komaroff was raised in Los Angeles, California. He attended college at Stanford University and medical school at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Following medical school, he received training in internal medicine at Harvard Medical School and then joined the faculty.

Komaroff was the Director of the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care at Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston MA, from 1982–1997, and built one of the world’s renowned academic general medicine units. From 1982–1987, he was the vice president for management systems of Brigham and Women's Hospital, with oversight of it computer systems. From 1997 through January 2015, he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Health Publications Division (HHP) of Harvard Medical School, the division responsible for publishing all of the School's health information for the general public—books, newsletters, Internet content and doctors' office information. The information is published in multiple languages, in countries around the world [1].

Komaroff has published over 280 research articles and book chapters, and two books. His early publications cover the development of clinical algorithms,[1][2] cost-effectiveness analyses of primary care practices,[3] and clinical research on common respiratory and urinary infections,[4][5]. In recent decades, Dr. Komaroff’s research has focused on chronic fatigue syndrome[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and also on human herpesvirus 6[13][14][15]. Komaroff was the Editor in Chief of the best-selling book, the Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide[16]; is the founding editor of NEJM Journal Watch, a publication of the New England Journal of Medicine [2]; is the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Health Letter, a newsletter from Harvard Medical School for the general public [3]; and from 2011-December 2016 was the author of a daily newspaper column, Ask Doctor K, that was syndicated by United Media and appeared in over 400 newspapers in North America. In these publications, and in medical journals, he describes the latest developments in biological science and medical research to both practicing health professionals and the general public.[17][18][19][20][21].

Finally, Komaroff also served as editor of the autobiographies of two biomedical scientists, Nobel Laureates Joseph E. Murray[22] and Thomas H. Weller[23].

Komaroff serves as the Distinguished Simcox-Clifford-Higby Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Senior Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston[4].

Honors

References

  1. ^ Komaroff, AL; Black, WL; Flatley, M; Knopp, RH; Reiffen, B; Sherman, H (1974). "Protocols for physician assistants. Management of diabetes and hypertension". The New England Journal of Medicine. 290 (6): 307–12. doi:10.1056/NEJM197402072900605. PMID 4148936.[non-primary source needed]
  2. ^ Greenfield, S; Komaroff, AL; Pass, TM; Anderson, H; Nessim, S (1978). "Efficiency and cost of primary care by nurses and physician assistants". The New England Journal of Medicine. 298 (6): 305–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM197802092980604. PMID 23495.[non-primary source needed]
  3. ^ Berwick, DM; Komaroff, AL (1982). "Cost effectiveness of lead screening". The New England Journal of Medicine. 306 (23): 1392–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198206103062304. PMID 6804866.[non-primary source needed]
  4. ^ Komaroff, AL.; Aronson, M.; Pass, T.; Ervin, C.; Branch, W.; Schachter, J (1983). "Serologic evidence of chlamydial and mycoplasmal pharyngitis in adults". Science. 222 (4626): 927–9. doi:10.1126/science.6415813. PMID 6415813.[non-primary source needed]
  5. ^ Komaroff, AL.; Friedland, G (1980). "The Dysuria-Pyuria Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 303 (8): 452–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM198008213030808. PMID 6893073.[non-primary source needed]
  6. ^ Komaroff, AL (2015). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Real Illness". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (12): 871–2. doi:10.7326/m15-0647. PMID 26075760.
  7. ^ Komaroff, AL (2017). "Inflammation correlates with symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 114 (34): 8914–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1712475114. PMC 5576849. PMID 28811366.
  8. ^ Komaroff, AL (2019). "Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome". JAMA. 322 (6): 499–500. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8312. PMID 31276153.
  9. ^ Nagy-Szakal, D (2018). "Insights into myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome phenotypes through comprehensive metabolomics". Scientific Reports. 8: 10056. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28477-9.
  10. ^ Komaroff, AL (2021). "Insights from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome may help unravel the pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 27: 895–906. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2021.06.002.
  11. ^ Paul, B (2021). "Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 118: e2024358118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2024358118.
  12. ^ Komaroff, AL (2021). "Will COVID-19 lead to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome?". Frontiers in Medicine. 7: 606824. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.606824.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Arbuckle, JH; et al. (2010). "The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 107 (12): 5563–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913586107. PMC 2851814. PMID 20212114.
  14. ^ Komaroff, AL (2020). "Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B in brain diseases: association versus causation". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 34: e00143-20. doi:10.1128.CMR.00143-20. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  15. ^ Komaroff, AL (2021). "Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B in reproductive diseases". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 648945. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.648945.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  16. ^ Komaroff, Anthony L. (1999). Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide. Simon & Schuster.
  17. ^ Komaroff, AL (2017). "The microbiome and risk for obesity and diabetes". JAMA. 317 (4): 355–6. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.20099. PMID 28006047. S2CID 5078210.
  18. ^ Komaroff, AL (2017). "Gene editing using CRISPR: why the excitement?". JAMA. 318 (8): 699–700. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10159. PMID 28796848.
  19. ^ Komaroff, AL (2020). "Can infections cause Alzheimer disease?". JAMA. 324: 239–40. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4085.
  20. ^ Komaroff, AL. "Does sleep flush wastes from the brain?". JAMA. 325: 2153–4. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5631.
  21. ^ Komaroff, AL. "Breakthrough discovery in protein structure prediction and the promise of new treatments". JAMA. 326: 1369–70. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15728.
  22. ^ Murray, Joseph E. (2001). Surgery of the Soul. Science History Publications USA.
  23. ^ Weller, Thomas H. (2004). Growing Pathogens in Tissue Cultures. Science History Publications USA.

External links