Obesity social stigma in television: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Social stigma of obesity#In media]] |
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{{Orphan|date=July 2021}} |
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{{Merge to|Social stigma of obesity|date=December 2021}} |
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The [[social stigma of obesity]], can be defined as the systemic oppression of and discrimination against people who may be considered overweight, obese, or fat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prohaska|first=Ariane|last2=Gailey|first2=Jeannine A.|date=2018-10-25|title=Theorizing fat oppression: Intersectional approaches and methodological innovations|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1534469|journal=Fat Studies|volume=8|issue=1|pages=2|doi=10.1080/21604851.2019.1534469|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Himes|first=Susan M.|last2=Thompson|first2=J. Kevin|date=2007|title=Fat Stigmatization in Television Shows and Movies: A Content Analysis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.635|journal=Obesity|volume=15|issue=3|pages=712|doi=10.1038/oby.2007.635|issn=1930-7381|via=|doi-access=free}}</ref> Fatphobia exists in many forms and presents itself in both institutional and interpersonal circumstances.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farrell|first=Amy|title=Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=151}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Munro|first=Lauren|date=2017|title=Everyday Indignities: Using the Microaggressions Framework to Understand Weight Stigma|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517750584|journal=Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics|volume=45|issue=4|pages=504|doi=10.1177/1073110517750584|issn=1073-1105|via=}}</ref> According to numerous academics, fatphobia or general anti-fat bias is common and pervasive.<ref name=":1" /> Fatphobia negatively impacts the attitudes and behaviours of individuals towards those considered to be overweight or obese.<ref name=":0" /> Employment, relationships, and medical care are some facets of daily living that are all known to be negatively impacted by fat-phobic rhetoric or anti-fat assumptions.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chrisler|first=Joan C.|last2=Barney|first2=Angela|date=2017-01-02|title=Sizeism is a health hazard|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2016.1213066|journal=Fat Studies|volume=6|issue=1|pages=41|doi=10.1080/21604851.2016.1213066|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rudolph|first=Cort W.|last2=Wells|first2=Charles L.|last3=Weller|first3=Marcus D.|last4=Baltes|first4=Boris B.|date=2009-02-01|title=A meta-analysis of empirical studies of weight-based bias in the workplace|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001879108000912|journal=Journal of Vocational Behavior|language=en|volume=74|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.008|issn=0001-8791|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eisenberg|first=Marla E.|last2=Neumark-Sztainer|first2=Dianne|last3=Story|first3=Mary|date=2003-08-01|title=Associations of Weight-Based Teasing and Emotional Well-being Among Adolescents|url=http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archpedi.157.8.733|journal=Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine|language=en|volume=157|issue=8|pages=733|doi=10.1001/archpedi.157.8.733|issn=1072-4710|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Fatphobia is produced and spread in many ways, including through advertising and popular media such as television shows.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Lupton|first=Deborah|date=2017-05-04|title=Digital media and body weight, shape, and size: An introduction and review|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2017.1243392|journal=Fat Studies|volume=6|issue=2|pages=119|doi=10.1080/21604851.2017.1243392|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Aubrey|first=Jennifer Stevens|last2=Peters|first2=Sara|date=2010|title=A fat diet of the thin ideal: Investigating relations between exposure to the thin ideal and television viewers' attitudes toward overweight people off screen|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mary_Bresnahan/publication/255970187_Bresnahan_M_J_Smith_S_W_Kim_K_2010_in_press_published_in_2011_The_impact_of_gory_autopsies_on_medical_mistrust_and_organ_donation_Journal_of_health_Mass_Communication_2_55-72/links/00b7d5212609bea9a7000000/Bresnahan-M-J-Smith-S-W-Kim-K-2010-in-press-published-in-2011-The-impact-of-gory-autopsies-on-medical-mistrust-and-organ-donation-Journal-of-health-Mass-Communication-2-55-72.pdf#page=5|journal=Journal of Health & Mass Communication|volume=2|pages=7|via=Research gate}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> According to a number of scholars, television shows in North America both underrepresent and misrepresent fat people which (re)produces fatphobic rhetoric<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lupton|first=Deborah|date=2016-11-15|title=Digital media and body weight, shape, and size: An introduction and review|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2017.1243392|journal=Fat Studies|volume=6|issue=2|pages=120|doi=10.1080/21604851.2017.1243392|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Fikkan|first=Janna L.|last2=Rothblum|first2=Esther D.|date=2012|title=Is Fat a Feminist Issue? Exploring the Gendered Nature of Weight Bias|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11199-011-0022-5|journal=Sex Roles|language=en|volume=66|issue=9-10|pages=585|doi=10.1007/s11199-011-0022-5|issn=0360-0025|via=}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Aubrey|first=Jennifer Stevens|last2=Peters|first2=Sara|date=2010|title=A fat diet of the thin ideal: Investigating relations between exposure to the thin ideal and television viewers' attitudes toward overweight people off screen|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mary_Bresnahan/publication/255970187_Bresnahan_M_J_Smith_S_W_Kim_K_2010_in_press_published_in_2011_The_impact_of_gory_autopsies_on_medical_mistrust_and_organ_donation_Journal_of_health_Mass_Communication_2_55-72/links/00b7d5212609bea9a7000000/Bresnahan-M-J-Smith-S-W-Kim-K-2010-in-press-published-in-2011-The-impact-of-gory-autopsies-on-medical-mistrust-and-organ-donation-Journal-of-health-Mass-Communication-2-55-72.pdf#page=5|journal=Journal of Health & Mass Communication|volume=2|pages=8|via=Research gate}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> |
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== Lack of representation == |
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A number of studies conducted from 1980 and onwards have found that thin people are generally overrepresented in North American television shows, and fat or overweight people are generally underrepresented in North American television shows.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Fikkan|first=Janna L.|last2=Rothblum|first2=Esther D.|date=2012|title=Is Fat a Feminist Issue? Exploring the Gendered Nature of Weight Bias|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11199-011-0022-5|journal=Sex Roles|language=en|volume=66|issue=9-10|pages=584|doi=10.1007/s11199-011-0022-5|issn=0360-0025|via=}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> This phenomenon is commonly attributed to what some refer to as the “thin ideal”.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Farrell|first=Amy|title=Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=72}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Some scholars explain the thin ideal as a societal preference for thin bodies, and consequently a societal aversion to larger bodies.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> Scholars note that the "thin ideal" most commonly impacts women, but does impact men as well.<ref name=":4" /> A study conducted in 1980 found that only a small portion of actors on prime-time television shows were fat or overweight, while the majority were either thin or “average” sized.<ref name=":5" /> This study found that 12% of actors represented in prime-time television shows in 1980 were considered fat or overweight, with a majority of that percentage being fat or overweight men and a minority of that percentage being fat or overweight women.<ref name=":5" /> A 2003 study found similar results, and stated that both fat or overweight women and men were underrepresented in prime-time television shows.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> According to this study, overweight or fat women accounted for 14% of actors on prime-time television shows, while overweight or fat men accounted for 24% of actors on prime-time television shows.<ref name=":5" /> It has been noted that these percentages are not representative of the obesity rates in North America.<ref name=":3" /> As of 2009, overweight or obese people accounted for 67% of the American population.<ref name=":3" /> |
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== Negative Stereotypes == |
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Studies have found that when individuals considered to be overweight, obese, or fat are present within television shows, their characters are often portrayed through the use of negative stereotypes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Some scholars suggest that negative stereotypes of fat or overweight people within television shows results in those same stereotypes being attributed to fat or overweight people in real life.<ref name=":2" /> Joan C. Chrisler and Angela Barney suggest that negative stereotypes within the media even impacts the attitudes of health care professionals when dealing with overweight or obese patients.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chrisler|first=Joan C.|last2=Barney|first2=Angela|date=2017-01-02|title=Sizeism is a health hazard|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21604851.2016.1213066|journal=Fat Studies|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=39|doi=10.1080/21604851.2016.1213066|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref> Common stereotypes of fat people portrayed within television shows include those related to glutton, insecurity, laziness, sexual undesirability, unattractiveness, and more<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gullage|first=Amy|date=2014-03-04|title=Fat Monica, Fat Suits, and Friends|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2012.724026|journal=Feminist Media Studies|volume=14|issue=2|pages=179|doi=10.1080/14680777.2012.724026|issn=1468-0777|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gullage|first=Amy|date=2014-03-04|title=Fat Monica, Fat Suits, and Friends|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2012.724026|journal=Feminist Media Studies|volume=14|issue=2|pages=180|doi=10.1080/14680777.2012.724026|issn=1468-0777|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cameron|first=Layla|date=2019-09-02|title=The "good fatty" is a dancing fatty: Fat archetypes in reality television|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1549400|journal=Fat Studies|volume=8|issue=3|pages=259|doi=10.1080/21604851.2019.1549400|issn=2160-4851|via=}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Obesity]] |
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[[Category:Social stigma]] |
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Revision as of 01:53, 31 January 2022
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