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{{Automatic taxobox
#REDIRECT [[Spalax]]
| taxon = Nannospalax
| authority = [[Theodore Sherman Palmer|Palmer]], 1903
| subdivision_ranks = Species
}}

'''''Nannospalax''''' is a genus of rodent in the family Spalacidae. It is one of two genera in the [[Blind mole-rat|blind mole-rats]] (subfamily [[Spalacinae]]), alongside ''[[Spalax]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Database |first=Mammal Diversity |title=Mammal Diversity Database |date=2022-02-01 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5945626 |publisher=Zenodo |access-date=2022-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=KRYŠTUFEK |first=BORIS |last2=IVANITSKAYA |first2=ELENA |last3=ARSLAN |first3=ATILLA |last4=ARSLAN |first4=EMINE |last5=BUŽAN |first5=ELENA V. |date=2011-10-31 |title=Evolutionary history of mole rats (genus Nannospalax) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=105 |issue=2 |pages=446–455 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x |issn=0024-4066}}</ref> They are also known as '''small-bodied mole rats'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Matur |first=Ferhat |last2=Yanchukov |first2=Alexey |last3=Çolak |first3=Faruk |last4=Sözen |first4=Mustafa |date=2019-01-01 |title=Two major clades of blind mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping in Western and Central Turkey |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1616504718301484 |journal=Mammalian Biology |language=en |volume=94 |pages=38–47 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2018.11.004 |issn=1616-5047}}</ref> As with members of the genus ''Spalax'', they are completely [[Blindness in animals|blind]], with their eyes being entirely covered by skin.

Until 2013, members of this genus were grouped in ''Spalax'', but phylogenetic analysis indicates that both diverged during the late [[Miocene]], about 7.6 million years ago, when a marine barrier formed between [[Anatolia]] and the [[Balkans]]. It also supports two different [[Subgenus|subgenera]] within this genus; ''Nannospalax sensu stricto'' (containing a single species) and ''Mesospalax'', which diverged from each other during the late Miocene or early Pliocene, after the uplift of the [[Anatolian Plateau]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hadid |first=Yarin |last2=Németh |first2=Attila |last3=Snir |first3=Sagi |last4=Pavlíček |first4=Tomáš |last5=Csorba |first5=Gábor |last6=Kázmér |first6=Miklós |last7=Major |first7=Ágnes |last8=Mezhzherin |first8=Sergey |last9=Rusin |first9=Mikhail |last10=Coşkun |first10=Yüksel |last11=Nevo |first11=Eviatar |date=2012-01-09 |title=Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations? |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=e30043 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030043 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=PMC3253805 |pmid=22253871}}</ref>'' Members of this genus are notable for their extreme chromosomal diversity, some of which may represent as-of-yet unrecognized species-level taxa.<ref name=":0" /> Genetic analysis indicates distinct periods of diversification among spalacids that correspond with climactic changes caused by [[Milankovitch cycles]].<ref name=":1" />

There are three species in this genus in two subgenera:

* Genus ''Nannospalax''
** Subgenus ''Nannospalax''
*** [[Middle East blind mole-rat]], ''N. ehrenbergi''
** Subgenus ''Mesospalax''
*** [[Lesser blind mole-rat]], ''N. leucodon''
*** [[Anatolian blind mole-rat]], ''N. xanthodon''

Some authorities, including [[ITIS]] and [[Mammal Species of the World]], have split out four species [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Israel]] from ''N. ehrenbergi'' based on chromosomal divergence: the [[Mount Carmel blind mole-rat]] (''N. carmeli''), the [[Golan Heights blind mole-rat]] (''N. golani''), the [[Upper Galilee Mountains blind mole-rat]] (''N. galili''), and the [[Judean Mountains blind mole-rat]] (''N. judaei''). However, the [[American Society of Mammalogists]] and the [[IUCN Red List]] presently group these within ''N. ehrenbergi'' due to taxonomic uncertainty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore the Database |url=https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1003793 |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=www.mammaldiversity.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-30 |title=Nannospalax ehrenbergi: Schlitter, D., Shenbrot, G., Kryštufek, B. & Sozen, M. |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T14326A113301086.en |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t14326a113301086.en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arslan |first=Atilla |last2=Kryštufek |first2=Boris |last3=Matur |first3=Ferhat |last4=Zima |first4=Jan |date=2016 |title=Review of chromosome races in blind mole rats (Spalax and Nannospalax) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a1.2016 |journal=Folia Zoologica |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=249–301 |doi=10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a1.2016 |issn=0139-7893}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Nannospalax]]
[[Category:Rodent genera]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Theodore Sherman Palmer]]

Revision as of 18:04, 7 March 2022

Nannospalax
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Spalacidae
Subfamily: Spalacinae
Genus: Nannospalax
Palmer, 1903

Nannospalax is a genus of rodent in the family Spalacidae. It is one of two genera in the blind mole-rats (subfamily Spalacinae), alongside Spalax.[1][2] They are also known as small-bodied mole rats.[3] As with members of the genus Spalax, they are completely blind, with their eyes being entirely covered by skin.

Until 2013, members of this genus were grouped in Spalax, but phylogenetic analysis indicates that both diverged during the late Miocene, about 7.6 million years ago, when a marine barrier formed between Anatolia and the Balkans. It also supports two different subgenera within this genus; Nannospalax sensu stricto (containing a single species) and Mesospalax, which diverged from each other during the late Miocene or early Pliocene, after the uplift of the Anatolian Plateau.[4] Members of this genus are notable for their extreme chromosomal diversity, some of which may represent as-of-yet unrecognized species-level taxa.[3] Genetic analysis indicates distinct periods of diversification among spalacids that correspond with climactic changes caused by Milankovitch cycles.[4]

There are three species in this genus in two subgenera:

Some authorities, including ITIS and Mammal Species of the World, have split out four species endemic to Israel from N. ehrenbergi based on chromosomal divergence: the Mount Carmel blind mole-rat (N. carmeli), the Golan Heights blind mole-rat (N. golani), the Upper Galilee Mountains blind mole-rat (N. galili), and the Judean Mountains blind mole-rat (N. judaei). However, the American Society of Mammalogists and the IUCN Red List presently group these within N. ehrenbergi due to taxonomic uncertainty.[5][6][7]

References

  1. ^ Database, Mammal Diversity (2022-02-01), Mammal Diversity Database, Zenodo, retrieved 2022-03-07
  2. ^ KRYŠTUFEK, BORIS; IVANITSKAYA, ELENA; ARSLAN, ATILLA; ARSLAN, EMINE; BUŽAN, ELENA V. (2011-10-31). "Evolutionary history of mole rats (genus Nannospalax) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 105 (2): 446–455. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
  3. ^ a b Matur, Ferhat; Yanchukov, Alexey; Çolak, Faruk; Sözen, Mustafa (2019-01-01). "Two major clades of blind mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping in Western and Central Turkey". Mammalian Biology. 94: 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2018.11.004. ISSN 1616-5047.
  4. ^ a b Hadid, Yarin; Németh, Attila; Snir, Sagi; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Csorba, Gábor; Kázmér, Miklós; Major, Ágnes; Mezhzherin, Sergey; Rusin, Mikhail; Coşkun, Yüksel; Nevo, Eviatar (2012-01-09). "Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations?". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e30043. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3253805. PMID 22253871.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  6. ^ "Nannospalax ehrenbergi: Schlitter, D., Shenbrot, G., Kryštufek, B. & Sozen, M." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008-06-30. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t14326a113301086.en. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  7. ^ Arslan, Atilla; Kryštufek, Boris; Matur, Ferhat; Zima, Jan (2016). "Review of chromosome races in blind mole rats (Spalax and Nannospalax)". Folia Zoologica. 65 (4): 249–301. doi:10.25225/fozo.v65.i4.a1.2016. ISSN 0139-7893.
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