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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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Asher was born in [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic|France]] on 12 May 1920.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lefebvre-Filleau |first=Jean-Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXXNDwAAQBAJ |
Asher was born in [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic|France]] on 12 May 1920.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lefebvre-Filleau |first=Jean-Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXXNDwAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Asher+1920&pg=PT71 |title=Femmes de la Résistance 1940-1945 |date=2020-02-05 |publisher=Editions du Rocher |isbn=978-2-268-10341-9 |language=fr}}</ref> He was born to a wealthy family, of [[Jews|Jewish]] ancestry, his father an [[engineer]] and his mother a [[Czechs|Czech]] fashion [[journalist]], who had settled in Paris for work.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Portales |first=Georges |date=March 31, 2016 |title=RAVANEL Serge, Mata [ASHER Serge] |url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article144461 |journal=[[Le Maitron]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Serge RAVANEL |url=https://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/compagnons/serge-ravanel |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Rees |first=Siân |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZ8dDAAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Asher&pg=PT89 |title=Lucie Aubrac: The French Resistance Heroine Who Outwitted the Gestapo |date=2016-06-01 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61373-570-1 |language=en}}</ref> His step-father was an [[Export trade|export trader]] who worked in [[Africa]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gildea |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5UCwAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Asher&pg=PA268 |title=Fighters in the Shadows: A New History of the French Resistance |date=2015-11-30 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-28610-8 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Asher was educated at the [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]] before going on to study polytechnics at [[École Polytechnique]] becoming an polyethnic engineer himself.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |
Asher was educated at the [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]] before going on to study polytechnics at [[École Polytechnique]] becoming an polyethnic engineer himself.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |
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=== World War II === |
=== World War II === |
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By September 1942, encouraged by [[Vichy France|Vichy]] ineffectiveness in the face of [[Nazi occupation of france|Nazi occupation]] and his own [[Communism|communist]] views, he began working with [[Libération-sud]] as a [[courier]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Wieviorka |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjoADAAAQBAJ |
By September 1942, encouraged by [[Vichy France|Vichy]] ineffectiveness in the face of [[Nazi occupation of france|Nazi occupation]] and his own [[Communism|communist]] views, he began working with [[Libération-sud]] as a [[courier]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Wieviorka |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjoADAAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+asher&pg=PT146 |title=The French Resistance |date=2016-04-26 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-97039-7 |language=en}}</ref> He also began organizing other students into resistance and would become a key figure in the [[French Resistance|Resistance's]] work to liberate [[Lyon]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=McPhillips |first=Julian Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImmZDwAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+asher&pg=PT45 |title=From Vacillation to Resolve |date=2019-05-15 |publisher=NewSouth Books |isbn=978-1-58838-380-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Marnham |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7iKDwAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Ravanel&pg=PT266 |title=Army of the Night: The Life and Death of Jean Moulin, Legend of the French Resistance |date=2015-08-10 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-966-7 |language=en}}</ref> He would adopt the alias Serge Ravanel, based on an [[Alps|alpine]] [[Mountaineering|mountaineer]], while working with them, a name that he would keep for the rest of his life.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Lloyd |first=C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoyDDAAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Ravanel&pg=PA123 |title=Collaboration and Resistance in Occupied France: Representing Treason and Sacrifice |date=2003-09-16 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-50392-2 |language=en}}</ref> |
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By November 1943 Ravanel was serving as the national head of the [[Mouvements Unis de la Résistance]] in the [[Zone libre|southern zone]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Todd |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntPQKYA53pYC |
By November 1943 Ravanel was serving as the national head of the [[Mouvements Unis de la Résistance]] in the [[Zone libre|southern zone]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Todd |first=Olivier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntPQKYA53pYC&dq=Serge+Ravanel&pg=PT348 |title=Malraux: A Life |date=2007-12-18 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-42677-2 |language=en}}</ref> He worked closely with [[Raymond Aubrac]] and [[Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont]] in [[Toulouse]], directing so many attacks that the city would be described as 'Toulouse la rouge.'<ref name=":7" /> |
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In the summer of 1944, Ravanel would meet with [[de Gaulle]] and [[General Koenig|General Kœnig]] in Toulouse over the creation of the [[French Forces of the Interior|French Forces of the Interior (FFI)]]. General Kœnig would grant Ravanel rank of [[colonel]] within the FFI.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Serge RAVANEL |url=https://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/lhomme/biographies/serge-ravanel/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Fondation Charles de Gaulle |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Despite receiving this promotion, Ravanel criticized the resistance group [[Corps Franc de la Montagne Noire]] on political grounds, opposing them due to his communist leanings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kedward |first=H. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIJdOCh3_gkC |
In the summer of 1944, Ravanel would meet with [[de Gaulle]] and [[General Koenig|General Kœnig]] in Toulouse over the creation of the [[French Forces of the Interior|French Forces of the Interior (FFI)]]. General Kœnig would grant Ravanel rank of [[colonel]] within the FFI.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Serge RAVANEL |url=https://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/lhomme/biographies/serge-ravanel/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Fondation Charles de Gaulle |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Despite receiving this promotion, Ravanel criticized the resistance group [[Corps Franc de la Montagne Noire]] on political grounds, opposing them due to his communist leanings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kedward |first=H. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIJdOCh3_gkC&q=ravanel&pg=PA183 |title=In Search of the Maquis : Rural Resistance in Southern France 1942-1944: Rural Resistance in Southern France 1942-1944 |date=1993-03-11 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-159178-5 |language=en}}</ref> Ultimately Ravanel would recall his meeting with de Gaulle as humiliating, claiming it was a political stunt to reign in FFI officers while celebrating career ones, with de Gaulle questioning Ravanel's personal right to wear the [[Order of Liberation|ribbon of the Order of Liberation]] which Ravanel claimed had been awarded him earlier.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Julian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKZoDwAAQBAJ&dq=Serge+Ravanel&pg=PA18 |title=De Gaulle |date=2018-08-27 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-98872-9 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Ravanel resigned from the [[French Army|army]] in 1950.<ref name=":6" /> |
Ravanel resigned from the [[French Army|army]] in 1950.<ref name=":6" /> |
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== Legacy == |
== Legacy == |
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Ravanel authored ''L'Esprit de Résistance'', a [[biographical]] work describing his experience as a member of the [[French Resistance]], which was published in 1995.<ref>{{Cite book | |
Ravanel authored ''L'Esprit de Résistance'', a [[biographical]] work describing his experience as a member of the [[French Resistance]], which was published in 1995.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ravanel |first1=Serge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-B9AAAAIAAJ |title=L'esprit de Résistance |last2=Raspiengeas |first2=Jean-Claude |date=1995 |publisher=Seuil |isbn=978-2-02-019028-2 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 14:42, 15 April 2022
Serge Ravanel | |
|---|---|
 Ravanel's false id for the special brigade of the French Revolutionary Militias, under the pseudonym Charles Guillemot | |
| Birth name | Serge Asher |
| Nickname(s) |
|
| Born | 12 May 1920 Paris, France |
| Died | 27 April 2009 (aged 88) Paris, France |
| Allegiance |  France |
| Service/ | French Forces of the Interior |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Alma mater | École Polytechnique |
Serge Ravanel (12 May 1920 – 27 April 2009), born Serge Asher, was an engineer and author who became a prominent French Resistance fighter during World War II. He also operated under the alias Charles Guillemot.
Biography
Asher was born in Paris, France on 12 May 1920.[1] He was born to a wealthy family, of Jewish ancestry, his father an engineer and his mother a Czech fashion journalist, who had settled in Paris for work.[2][3][4] His step-father was an export trader who worked in Africa.[5]
Asher was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand before going on to study polytechnics at École Polytechnique becoming an polyethnic engineer himself.[5][6]
World War II
By September 1942, encouraged by Vichy ineffectiveness in the face of Nazi occupation and his own communist views, he began working with Libération-sud as a courier.[4][5][6] He also began organizing other students into resistance and would become a key figure in the Resistance's work to liberate Lyon.[7][8] He would adopt the alias Serge Ravanel, based on an alpine mountaineer, while working with them, a name that he would keep for the rest of his life.[9]
By November 1943 Ravanel was serving as the national head of the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance in the southern zone.[10] He worked closely with Raymond Aubrac and Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont in Toulouse, directing so many attacks that the city would be described as 'Toulouse la rouge.'[8]
In the summer of 1944, Ravanel would meet with de Gaulle and General Kœnig in Toulouse over the creation of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI). General Kœnig would grant Ravanel rank of colonel within the FFI.[9][11] Despite receiving this promotion, Ravanel criticized the resistance group Corps Franc de la Montagne Noire on political grounds, opposing them due to his communist leanings.[12] Ultimately Ravanel would recall his meeting with de Gaulle as humiliating, claiming it was a political stunt to reign in FFI officers while celebrating career ones, with de Gaulle questioning Ravanel's personal right to wear the ribbon of the Order of Liberation which Ravanel claimed had been awarded him earlier.[13]
Ravanel resigned from the army in 1950.[11]
Ravanel died on 27 April 2009 in Paris at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital.[1][2][14]
Legacy
Ravanel authored L'Esprit de Résistance, a biographical work describing his experience as a member of the French Resistance, which was published in 1995.[15]
References
- ^ a b Lefebvre-Filleau, Jean-Paul (2020-02-05). Femmes de la Résistance 1940-1945 (in French). Editions du Rocher. ISBN 978-2-268-10341-9.
- ^ a b Portales, Georges (March 31, 2016). "RAVANEL Serge, Mata [ASHER Serge]". Le Maitron (in French).
- ^ "Serge RAVANEL". Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-03.
- ^ a b Rees, Siân (2016-06-01). Lucie Aubrac: The French Resistance Heroine Who Outwitted the Gestapo. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-61373-570-1.
- ^ a b c Gildea, Robert (2015-11-30). Fighters in the Shadows: A New History of the French Resistance. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-28610-8.
- ^ a b Wieviorka, Olivier (2016-04-26). The French Resistance. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-97039-7.
- ^ McPhillips, Julian Jr. (2019-05-15). From Vacillation to Resolve. NewSouth Books. ISBN 978-1-58838-380-8.
- ^ a b Marnham, Patrick (2015-08-10). Army of the Night: The Life and Death of Jean Moulin, Legend of the French Resistance. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85773-966-7.
- ^ a b Lloyd, C. (2003-09-16). Collaboration and Resistance in Occupied France: Representing Treason and Sacrifice. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-50392-2.
- ^ Todd, Olivier (2007-12-18). Malraux: A Life. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42677-2.
- ^ a b "Serge RAVANEL". Fondation Charles de Gaulle (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-06.
- ^ Kedward, H. R. (1993-03-11). In Search of the Maquis : Rural Resistance in Southern France 1942-1944: Rural Resistance in Southern France 1942-1944. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-159178-5.
- ^ Jackson, Julian (2018-08-27). De Gaulle. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-98872-9.
- ^ "Serge Ravanel, résistant, libérateur de Toulouse". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2009-05-02. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ Ravanel, Serge; Raspiengeas, Jean-Claude (1995). L'esprit de Résistance (in French). Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-019028-2.
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