HMS Sardonyx (1919): Difference between revisions

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HMS Sardonyx was an S-class destroyer, which served with the Royal Navy in the Second World War. The S class were a development of the R class created as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched on 1919, the ship was commissioned into the Reserve Fleet. A year later, the destroyer was sent to Latvia, arriving just after the cessation of that country's war of independence. The ship took part in radar trials in 1939, and was upgraded shortly after the start of the Second World War with greater anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capabilities. The destroyer then served as an escort, usually for convoys of merchant ships. The ship was part of the 5th Escort Group which destroyed the German submarines U-99 and U-100, although Sardonyx did not claim any hits.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Burns, Russell W. (1988). Radar Development to 1945. London: Peter Peregrinus. ISBN 978-0-86341-139-7.
Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: a Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th century to the Present. London: Chatham. ISBN 978-1-85367-566-9.
Dietrich-Berryman, Eric; Hammond, Charlotte (2013). Passport Not Required: U.S. Volunteers in the Royal Navy, 1939–1941. New York: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-61251-385-0.
Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71100-380-4.
Dunn, Steve (2020). Battle in the Baltic: The Royal Navy and the Fight to Save Estonia & Latvia 1918-20. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-52674-273-5.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Head, Michael (2009). "The Baltic Campaign, 1918-1920: Part I". Warship International. 46 (2): 134–150.
Heathcote, Thomas Anthony (2002). British Admirals of the Fleet 1734-1995: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-0-85052-835-0.
Howse, Derek (1993). Radar at Sea: The Royal Navy in World War 2. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-34913-060-3.
Manning, Thomas Davys; Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
Owen, David (2007). Anti-Submarine Warfare: An Illustrated History. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1-84415-703-7.
Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.

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 * {{cite book | last=Dietrich-Berryman | first1=Eric | last2=Hammond | first2=Charlotte | title=Passport Not Required: U.S. Volunteers in the Royal Navy, 1939–1941 | location=New York | publisher=Naval Institute Press | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-61251-385-0 | url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Passport_Not_Required/dPbk_RpR5IkC}}
 * {{cite book | last1=Dittmar | first1=F.J. | last2=Colledge | first2=J.J. | title=British Warships 1914–1919 | year=1972 | publisher=Ian Allan | location=Shepperton | isbn=978-0-71100-380-4}}
-* {{cite book | last=Dunn | first=Steve | title=Battle in the Baltic: The Royal Navy and the Fight to save Estonia & Latvia 1918-20 | location=Barnsley | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | year=2020 |isbn=978-1-52674-273-5}}
+* {{cite book | last=Dunn | first=Steve | title=Battle in the Baltic: The Royal Navy and the Fight to Save Estonia & Latvia 1918-20 | location=Barnsley | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | year=2020 |isbn=978-1-52674-273-5}}
 * {{cite book | last=Friedman | first=Norman | title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War | year=2009 | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
 * {{cite journal | last=Head | first=Michael | title=The Baltic Campaign, 1918-1920: Part I | journal=Warship International | year=2009 | volume=46 | number=2| pages=134–150}}
 * {{cite book | last=Heathcote | first=Thomas Anthony | title=British Admirals of the Fleet 1734-1995: A Biographical Dictionary | location=Barnsley | publisher=Leo Cooper | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-85052-835-0 | url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/_/xtCXAwAAQBAJ}}
+* {{cite book | last=Howse | first=Derek | title=Radar at Sea: The Royal Navy in World War 2 | location=Basingstoke | publisher=Macmillan | year=1993 | isbn=978-1-34913-060-3 | url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Radar_at_Sea/fX2wCwAAQBAJ}}
+* {{cite book | last1=Manning | first1=Thomas Davys | last2=Walker | first2=Charles Frederick |title=British Warship Names | location=London | publisher=Putnam | year=1959 | oclc=780274698}}
+* {{cite book | last=March | first=Edgar J. | title=British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953 | location=London | publisher=Seeley Service | year=1966 | oclc=164893555}}
+* {{cite book | last=Owen | first=David | title=Anti-Submarine Warfare: An Illustrated History | location=Barnsley | publisher=Pen & Sword | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-84415-703-7 | url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Anti_Submarine_Warfare/CF6CAwAAQBAJ}}
+* {{cite book | last1=Parkes | first1=Oscar | last2=Prendergast | first2=Maurice | title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1919 | publisher=David & Charles | location=Newton Abbott | year=1969 | oclc=907574860}}