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In [[medicine]], '''photopheresis''' (''aka'' '''extracorporeal photopheresis''' or '''ECP''')<ref name="klassen2010">{{Cite journal|year=2010|title=The role of photopheresis in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease|journal=Current Oncology|volume=17|issue=2|pages=55–8|pmc=2854639|pmid=20404979|last1=Klassen|first1=J|doi=10.3747/co.v17i2.565}}{{open access}}</ref> is a form of [[apheresis]] and [[photodynamic therapy]] in which [[blood]] is subject to apheresis to separate [[buffy coat]] ([[White blood cell|WBC]] + [[platelet]]s) from whole blood, chemically treated with [[8-methoxypsoralen]] (instilled into a collection bag or given [[per os]] in advance), exposed to [[UVA radiation|ultraviolet light (UVA)]], and then returned to the patient.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/ncd-details.aspx?NCDId=113&ncdver=3&NCAId=180&NcaName=Extracorporeal+Photopheresis&IsPopup=y&bc=AAAAAAAACAAAAA%3D%3D&|title = National Coverage Determination (NCD) for Extracorporeal Photopheresis (110.4)|publisher = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|date = 30 April 2012|website = Medicare Coverage Database|id = 100-3|at = Item/Service Description}}</ref> Activated 8-methoxypsoralen [[Crosslinking of DNA|crosslinks DNA]] in exposed cells, ultimately resulting [[apoptosis]] of [[Cell nucleus#Anucleated and multinucleated cells|nucleated cells]].<ref name=klassen2010/> The photochemically damaged [[T-cell]]s returned to the patient appear to induce [[cytotoxic]] effects on T-cell formation. The mechanism of such “antitumor” action has not been elucidated.
In [[medicine]], '''photopheresis''' (''aka'' '''extracorporeal photopheresis''' or '''ECP''')<ref name="klassen2010">{{Cite journal|year=2010|title=The role of photopheresis in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease|journal=Current Oncology|volume=17|issue=2|pages=55–8|pmc=2854639|pmid=20404979|last1=Klassen|first1=J|doi=10.3747/co.v17i2.565}}{{open access}}</ref> is a form of [[apheresis]] and [[photodynamic therapy]] in which [[blood]] is subject to apheresis to separate [[buffy coat]] ([[White blood cell|WBC]] + [[platelet]]s) from whole blood, chemically treated with [[8-methoxypsoralen]] (instilled into a collection bag or given [[per os]] in advance), exposed to [[UVA radiation|ultraviolet light (UVA)]], and then returned to the patient.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/ncd-details.aspx?NCDId=113&ncdver=3&NCAId=180&NcaName=Extracorporeal+Photopheresis&IsPopup=y&bc=AAAAAAAACAAAAA%3D%3D&|title = National Coverage Determination (NCD) for Extracorporeal Photopheresis (110.4)|publisher = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|date = 30 April 2012|website = Medicare Coverage Database|id = 100-3|at = Item/Service Description}}</ref> Activated 8-methoxypsoralen [[Crosslinking of DNA|crosslinks DNA]] in exposed cells, ultimately resulting [[apoptosis]] of [[Cell nucleus#Anucleated and multinucleated cells|nucleated cells]].<ref name=klassen2010/> The photochemically damaged [[T-cell]]s returned to the patient appear to induce [[cytotoxic]] effects on T-cell formation. The mechanism of such “antitumor” action has not been elucidated.


A 1987 [[The New England Journal of Medicine|New England Journal of Medicine]] publication introduced photopheresis involving 8-methoxypsoralen.<ref name=klassen2010/><ref name=edelson1987>{{Cite journal | pmid = 3543674| year = 1987| last1 = Edelson| first1 = R| title = Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Preliminary results| journal = New England Journal of Medicine| volume = 316| issue = 6| pages = 297–303| last2 = Berger| first2 = C| last3 = Gasparro| first3 = F| last4 = Jegasothy| first4 = B| last5 = Heald| first5 = P| last6 = Wintroub| first6 = B| last7 = Vonderheid| first7 = E| last8 = Knobler| first8 = R| last9 = Wolff| first9 = K| last10 = Plewig| first10 = G| last11 = McKiernan| first11 = Glynis| last12 = Christiansen| first12 = Inger| last13 = Oster| first13 = Martin| last14 = Honigsmann| first14 = Hubert| last15 = Wilford| first15 = Hubert| last16 = Kokoschka| first16 = Eva| last17 = Rehle| first17 = Thomas| last18 = Perez| first18 = Maritza| last19 = Stingl| first19 = George| last20 = Laroche| first20 = Liliane| doi = 10.1056/NEJM198702053160603}}{{closed access}}</ref>, now standard [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) therapy for cutaneous [[T-cell lymphoma]]. Evidence suggests that this treatment might help treat [[graft-versus-host disease]], though this evidence is largely observational; controlled trials are needed to support this use.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weitz|first=Marcus|last2=Strahm|first2=Brigitte|last3=Meerpohl|first3=Joerg J.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Maria|last5=Bassler|first5=Dirk|date=2015-12-15|title=Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric patients|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=12|pages=CD009898|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009898.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmid=26666581|pmc=7093760}}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=Updated version https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35679154|date = July 2022}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weitz|first=Marcus|last2=Strahm|first2=Brigitte|last3=Meerpohl|first3=Joerg J.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Maria|last5=Bassler|first5=Dirk|date=2015-12-15|title=Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric patients|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=12|pages=CD009759|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009759.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmid=26666580|pmc=7093896}}</ref> Photopheresis has also been successful in treating [[epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]] when all other treatments have been ineffective.<ref name=guptaetal2012>{{Cite journal | pmid = 22137228| year = 2012| last1 = Gupta| first1 = R| title = Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita| journal = Clinics in Dermatology| volume = 30| issue = 1| pages = 60–9| last2 = Woodley| first2 = D. T.| last3 = Chen| first3 = M| doi = 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.011| pmc = 3234994}}{{open access}}</ref>
A 1987 [[The New England Journal of Medicine|New England Journal of Medicine]] publication introduced photopheresis involving 8-methoxypsoralen.<ref name=klassen2010/><ref name=edelson1987>{{Cite journal | pmid = 3543674| year = 1987| last1 = Edelson| first1 = R| title = Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Preliminary results| journal = New England Journal of Medicine| volume = 316| issue = 6| pages = 297–303| last2 = Berger| first2 = C| last3 = Gasparro| first3 = F| last4 = Jegasothy| first4 = B| last5 = Heald| first5 = P| last6 = Wintroub| first6 = B| last7 = Vonderheid| first7 = E| last8 = Knobler| first8 = R| last9 = Wolff| first9 = K| last10 = Plewig| first10 = G| last11 = McKiernan| first11 = Glynis| last12 = Christiansen| first12 = Inger| last13 = Oster| first13 = Martin| last14 = Honigsmann| first14 = Hubert| last15 = Wilford| first15 = Hubert| last16 = Kokoschka| first16 = Eva| last17 = Rehle| first17 = Thomas| last18 = Perez| first18 = Maritza| last19 = Stingl| first19 = George| last20 = Laroche| first20 = Liliane| doi = 10.1056/NEJM198702053160603}}{{closed access}}</ref>, now standard [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) therapy for cutaneous [[T-cell lymphoma]]. Evidence suggests that this treatment might help treat [[graft-versus-host disease]], though this evidence is largely observational; controlled trials are needed to support this use.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buder |first=Kathrin |last2=Zirngibl |first2=Matthias |last3=Bapistella |first3=Sascha |last4=Meerpohl |first4=Joerg J. |last5=Strahm |first5=Brigitte |last6=Bassler |first6=Dirk |last7=Weitz |first7=Marcus |date=2022-06-09 |title=Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35679154 |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=6 |pages=CD009898 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009898.pub4 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=9181448 |pmid=35679154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weitz|first=Marcus|last2=Strahm|first2=Brigitte|last3=Meerpohl|first3=Joerg J.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Maria|last5=Bassler|first5=Dirk|date=2015-12-15|title=Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric patients|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=12|pages=CD009759|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009759.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmid=26666580|pmc=7093896}}</ref> Photopheresis has also been successful in treating [[epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]] when all other treatments have been ineffective.<ref name=guptaetal2012>{{Cite journal | pmid = 22137228| year = 2012| last1 = Gupta| first1 = R| title = Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita| journal = Clinics in Dermatology| volume = 30| issue = 1| pages = 60–9| last2 = Woodley| first2 = D. T.| last3 = Chen| first3 = M| doi = 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.011| pmc = 3234994}}{{open access}}</ref>


Minimal observed [[adverse effect|side effect]]s for patients receiving photopheresis include [[hypotension]] and [[Syncope (medicine)|syncope]] resulting from volume shifts during [[leukapheresis]] phase of treatment. Photopheresis is also an experimental treatment for patients with cardiac, pulmonary and renal [[allograft]] rejection, [[graft-versus-host disease]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[nephrogenic systemic fibrosis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].
Minimal observed [[adverse effect|side effect]]s for patients receiving photopheresis include [[hypotension]] and [[Syncope (medicine)|syncope]] resulting from volume shifts during [[leukapheresis]] phase of treatment. Photopheresis is also an experimental treatment for patients with cardiac, pulmonary and renal [[allograft]] rejection, [[graft-versus-host disease]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[nephrogenic systemic fibrosis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].

Revision as of 14:02, 24 July 2022

Not to be confused with photophoresis.
Photopheresis
ICD-10-PCS6A650ZZ[note 1]
ICD-999.88
MeSHD017893

In medicine, photopheresis (aka extracorporeal photopheresis or ECP)[1] is a form of apheresis and photodynamic therapy in which blood is subject to apheresis to separate buffy coat (WBC + platelets) from whole blood, chemically treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (instilled into a collection bag or given per os in advance), exposed to ultraviolet light (UVA), and then returned to the patient.[2] Activated 8-methoxypsoralen crosslinks DNA in exposed cells, ultimately resulting apoptosis of nucleated cells.[1] The photochemically damaged T-cells returned to the patient appear to induce cytotoxic effects on T-cell formation. The mechanism of such “antitumor” action has not been elucidated.

A 1987 New England Journal of Medicine publication introduced photopheresis involving 8-methoxypsoralen.[1][3], now standard U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Evidence suggests that this treatment might help treat graft-versus-host disease, though this evidence is largely observational; controlled trials are needed to support this use.[4][5] Photopheresis has also been successful in treating epidermolysis bullosa acquisita when all other treatments have been ineffective.[6]

Minimal observed side effects for patients receiving photopheresis include hypotension and syncope resulting from volume shifts during leukapheresis phase of treatment. Photopheresis is also an experimental treatment for patients with cardiac, pulmonary and renal allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and ulcerative colitis.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ ICD10 Procedure code: this was assigned based on cross-walking from the ICD9 code at ICD10DAta.com

References

  1. ^ a b c Klassen, J (2010). "The role of photopheresis in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease". Current Oncology. 17 (2): 55–8. doi:10.3747/co.v17i2.565. PMC 2854639. PMID 20404979.Open access icon
  2. ^ "National Coverage Determination (NCD) for Extracorporeal Photopheresis (110.4)". Medicare Coverage Database. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 30 April 2012. Item/Service Description. 100-3.
  3. ^ Edelson, R; Berger, C; Gasparro, F; Jegasothy, B; Heald, P; Wintroub, B; Vonderheid, E; Knobler, R; Wolff, K; Plewig, G; McKiernan, Glynis; Christiansen, Inger; Oster, Martin; Honigsmann, Hubert; Wilford, Hubert; Kokoschka, Eva; Rehle, Thomas; Perez, Maritza; Stingl, George; Laroche, Liliane (1987). "Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Preliminary results". New England Journal of Medicine. 316 (6): 297–303. doi:10.1056/NEJM198702053160603. PMID 3543674.Closed access icon
  4. ^ Buder, Kathrin; Zirngibl, Matthias; Bapistella, Sascha; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Strahm, Brigitte; Bassler, Dirk; Weitz, Marcus (2022-06-09). "Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6: CD009898. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009898.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9181448. PMID 35679154.
  5. ^ Weitz, Marcus; Strahm, Brigitte; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Schmidt, Maria; Bassler, Dirk (2015-12-15). "Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric patients". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (12): CD009759. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009759.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7093896. PMID 26666580.
  6. ^ Gupta, R; Woodley, D. T.; Chen, M (2012). "Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita". Clinics in Dermatology. 30 (1): 60–9. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.011. PMC 3234994. PMID 22137228.Open access icon

Supplemental references

3. Maceira Rozas MC. Fotoaféresis para pacientes con enfermedad de injerto contra huésped resistente a esteroides. Santiago de Compostela: Axencia de Avaliación de Tecnoloxías Sanitarias de Galicia, avalia-t; 2014. Available from: http://www.sergas.es/docs/Avalia-t/electroporacion/CT201402Fotoafereis_Def.pdf

External links

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