Santiago Formation, California: Difference between revisions

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Coordinates: 33°06′N 117°18′W / 33.1°N 117.3°W / 33.1; -117.3
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| type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Formation]]
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Late Eocene]]-[[Late Oligocene]] ([[Uintan]]-[[Duchesnean]])
| age = [[Late Eocene]]-[[Late Oligocene]] ([[Uintan]]-[[Duchesnean]])
| period = Oligocene
| period = Oligocene
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The '''Santiago Formation''' is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in [[Orange County, California|Orange]] and northwestern [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]], [[California]]. The [[siltstone]]s, [[mudstone]]s and [[sandstone]]s of the formation preserve [[fossils]] of ''[[Walshina|Walshina esmaraldensis]]'' and ''[[Diegoaelurus|Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae]], dating back to the [[Late Eocene]] to [[Late Oligocene]] [[Period (geology)|periods]] ([[Uintan]] to [[Duchesnean]] in the [[North American land mammal age|NALMA classification]]).<ref>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=196550 Kelly Ranch Core] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>
The '''Santiago Formation''' is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in [[Orange County, California|Orange]] and northwestern [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]], [[California]]. The [[siltstone]]s, [[mudstone]]s and [[sandstone]]s of the formation preserve [[fossils]] of ''[[Walshina|Walshina esmaraldensis]]'' and ''[[Diegoaelurus|Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae]]'', dating back to the [[Late Eocene]] to [[Late Oligocene]] [[Period (geology)|periods]] ([[Uintan]] to [[Duchesnean]] in the [[North American land mammal age|NALMA classification]]).<ref>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=196550 Kelly Ranch Core] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>


== Depositional environment ==
== Depositional environment ==
The only paleoenvironmental interpretation based exclusively on specimens from the Santiago Formation is a study of land snails from SDSNH locality 3276 (Member C, [[Oceanside, San Diego County]]), which found the distribution of shell sizes and shapes to be consistent with interpretations of subtropical to tropical conditions and paleotemperatures in excess of {{convert|25|C|F}}.<ref name=Lopez2018_p5>López Torres et al., 2018, p.5</ref>
The only paleoenvironmental interpretation based exclusively on specimens from the Santiago Formation is a study of land snails from SDSNH locality 3276 (Member C, [[Oceanside, San Diego County]]), which found the distribution of shell sizes and shapes to be consistent with interpretations of subtropical to tropical conditions and paleotemperatures in excess of {{convert|25|C|F}}.<ref name=Lopez2018_p5>López Torres et al., 2018, p.5</ref>

==Fossil content==
===Mammals===
====Ferae====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Ferae]] reported from the Santiago Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|''[[Diegoaelurus]]''
|''D. vanvalkenburghae''
|"Member C".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Zack |first=Shawn P. |last2=Poust |first2=Ashley W. |last3=Wagner |first3=Hugh |date=2022-03-15 |title=Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals |url=https://peerj.com/articles/13032 |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=10 |pages=e13032 |doi=10.7717/peerj.13032 |issn=2167-8359}}</ref>
|A nearly complete [[dentary]].<ref name=":0" />
|An [[Oxyaenidae|oxyaenid]].
|
|-
| ''[[Lycophocyon]]''
|''L. hutchisoni''
| Upper portions of "member C".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Tomiya |first=Susumu |date=2011-09-14 |title=A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0024146 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=e24146 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024146 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=PMC3173397 |pmid=21935380}}</ref>
|Multiple specimens.<ref name=":1" />
| A basal [[Caniformia|caniform]].
|
|-
|}

====Ungulates====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Ungulate]]s reported from the Santiago Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Hesperaletes]]''
|''H. borineyi''
| Member C.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Colbert |first=Matthew W. |date=2006-09-11 |title=Hesperaletes (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), a new tapiroid from the middle Eocene of southern California |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232687764_Hesperaletes_Mammalia_Perissodactyla_a_new_tapiroid_from_the_middle_Eocene_of_southern_California |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=697–711 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[697:HMPANT]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|Numerous specimens.<ref name=":2" />
| A [[Tapiroidea|tapiroid]].
|
|-
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 13:55, 7 December 2022

For other uses, see Santiago Formation.
Santiago Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Eocene-Late Oligocene (Uintan-Duchesnean)
TypeGeological formation
Lithology
PrimarySiltstone, mudstone
OtherSandstone
Location
Coordinates33°06′N 117°18′W / 33.1°N 117.3°W / 33.1; -117.3
Approximate paleocoordinates33°18′N 104°06′W / 33.3°N 104.1°W / 33.3; -104.1
RegionOrange & NW San Diego County, California
Country United States
Santiago Formation, California is located in the United States
Santiago Formation, California
Santiago Formation, California (the United States)
Santiago Formation, California is located in California
Santiago Formation, California
Santiago Formation, California (California)

The Santiago Formation is a geologic formation in Orange and northwestern San Diego County, California. The siltstones, mudstones and sandstones of the formation preserve fossils of Walshina esmaraldensis and Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae, dating back to the Late Eocene to Late Oligocene periods (Uintan to Duchesnean in the NALMA classification).[1]

Depositional environment

The only paleoenvironmental interpretation based exclusively on specimens from the Santiago Formation is a study of land snails from SDSNH locality 3276 (Member C, Oceanside, San Diego County), which found the distribution of shell sizes and shapes to be consistent with interpretations of subtropical to tropical conditions and paleotemperatures in excess of 25 °C (77 °F).[2]

Fossil content

Mammals

Ferae

Ferae reported from the Santiago Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Diegoaelurus D. vanvalkenburghae "Member C".[3] A nearly complete dentary.[3] An oxyaenid.
Lycophocyon L. hutchisoni Upper portions of "member C".[4] Multiple specimens.[4] A basal caniform.

Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Santiago Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Hesperaletes H. borineyi Member C.[5] Numerous specimens.[5] A tapiroid.

See also

References

  1. ^ Kelly Ranch Core at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ López Torres et al., 2018, p.5
  3. ^ a b Zack, Shawn P.; Poust, Ashley W.; Wagner, Hugh (15 March 2022). "Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals". PeerJ. 10: e13032. doi:10.7717/peerj.13032. ISSN 2167-8359.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b Tomiya, Susumu (14 September 2011). "A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3173397. PMID 21935380.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ a b Colbert, Matthew W. (11 September 2006). "Hesperaletes (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), a new tapiroid from the middle Eocene of southern California". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 697–711. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[697:HMPANT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Prothero, D.R. 2001. Magnetic stratigraphy of the middle-upper Eocene Santiago Formation, Orange and San Diego Counties, California. Guidebook, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 91:107-118
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