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←Created page with '{{Automatic taxobox | image = File:Nalepella danica (lateral view, female).png | image_caption = ''N. danica'' | taxon = Nalepella | authority = Keifer, 1944 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ref = <ref>IRMNG (2021). Nalepella Keifer, 1944. Accessed at: https://irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1386289 on 2023-02-27 </ref> }} '''''Nalepella''''', the '''rust mites''', is a genus of very small Trombidiform mites in the family...'
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Revision as of 22:35, 27 February 2023

Nalepella
N. danica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Trombidiformes
Family: Phytoptidae
Genus: Nalepella
Keifer, 1944

Nalepella, the rust mites, is a genus of very small Trombidiform mites in the family Phytoptidae.[2][3] They are commonly found on a variety of conifers, including hemlock, spruce, balsam fir, and pine.[3][4][5][6] They sometimes infest Christmas trees in nurseries.[3][5] Nalepella mites are vagrants, meaning they circulate around the tree: females overwinter in bark cracks.[5][7] Egg colour varies by species.

Distribution

The genus is holarctic, and species are found in North America, Europe, and China.[2][8]

Damage

The mites feed on the cell sap of the tree's needles, sometimes causing severe damage.[5] Typical effects from a Nalepella infestation include needle discolouration and premature needle drop.[3][7] The colour of discolouration varies by species; for example, Nalepella tsugifoliae causes yellowed or grey discolouration, while Nalepella halourga's discolouration is more bronze in colour.[7][9] Some species are considered serious pests of ornamental coniforous trees.[10] They are commonly found on Christmas trees in North America and Europe, where they may seriously damage the tree.

N. danica

Species

Species details

Nalepella brewrieanae

N. brewrieanae, first discovered in 2003 on Picea breweriana.[12] It was first described from Germany, but is also known from Poland.[12][20] Besides P. breweriana, it is also known from P. abies and P. glauca.[20][21]

Nalepella danica

Nalepella danica infests members of the Abies (fir) genus. Specifically, it has been recorded from A. alba, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, and A. nordmanniana.[20][22][23] It causes small rusty brown to bronze spots on the needles of its host plant, but a severe infestation can result in defoliation.[20][23] Nymphs typically grow between 90 and 108 µm, while female adults 145 and 240 µm.[23] They are known exclusively from Denmark.[22][23]

Nalepella ednae

Nalepella ednae is distributed across the central and Northwestern United States, as well as in British Columbia.[24] They are of concern in Mexico, where they may be introduced via cut Christmas trees.[24][25][26] Although it is only known from a few fir species, all may be hosts.[24] The damage they cause is unknown.[20][27]

Nalepella haarlovi

Nalepella haarlovi is known from Denmark and Finland.[8] It has been recorded infesting Picea sitchensis.[28] They are one of the most economically important members of the genus.[8]

=== Nalepella halourga ===

Nalepella halourga eggs.

Nalepella halourga, commonly known as the spruce rust mite, is restricted to Picea (spruce).[3] Their colour varies throughout the year; during the growing season, they are colourless to pale yellow, but in the fall they turn reddish-purple.[9] They are found in Eastern North America.[8]

Nalepella longoctonema

Nalepella longoctonema was first described in 1991 from two fir species in Oregon.[29][30] They grow to 206 µm in length, and have been collected in large numbers on fir plantations.[8] They are one of the most economically important members of the genus.[8]

Nalepella shevtchenkoi

Nalepella shevtchenkoi lives around the bases of the host plant's needles, as well as on its stems.[20][31] It is known from Abies (fir) and Picea (spruce) species.[20] The species is considered one of the most damaging of the eriophyoid mites.[20] It is found in parts of central and eastern Europe.[32][33]

Nalepella tsugifoliae

The hemlock rust mite is reddish-orange in colour, and has relatively large eggs.[34] They infest fir, hemlock, larch, and yew.[3][7]

Notes

  1. ^ Previously known as Rhyncaphytoptus abiesis.
  2. ^ Also spelled picea-abietis.
  3. ^ Originally described as Phyllocoptes triceras.

References

  1. ^ IRMNG (2021). Nalepella Keifer, 1944. Accessed at: https://irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1386289 on 2023-02-27
  2. ^ a b c d "Nalepella Keifer, 1944". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Eriophyid Rust and Sheath Mites". PennState Extension. 21 Nov 2017.
  4. ^ Baker, Whiteford L. (Whiteford Lee) (1972). Eastern forest insects. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service ; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
  5. ^ a b c d "A new species of Nalepella Keifer (Acarina: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) from Abies in Denmark". Acarologia. 42 (1). ISSN 0044-586X.
  6. ^ National Agricultural Library (U.S.); Library (U.S.), National Agricultural. Pesticides documentation bulletin. Vol. 4. Washington: National Agricultural Library, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, #c 1965-1969.
  7. ^ a b c d e Baker, James (2022-02-25). "Nalepella tsugifoliae". Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Vacante, Vincenzo (2015-12-21). The Handbook of Mites of Economic Plants: Identification, Bio-Ecology and Control. CABI. ISBN 978-1-84593-994-6.
  9. ^ a b Baker, James. "Spruce Rust Mite | NC State Extension Publications". content.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  10. ^ Castagnoli, M. (1996-01-01), Lindquist, E. E.; Sabelis, M. W.; Bruin, J. (eds.), "3.2.13 Ornamental coniferous and shade trees", World Crop Pests, Eriophyoid Mites Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, vol. 6, Elsevier, pp. 661–671, retrieved 2023-02-26
  11. ^ a b Xue, Xiao-Feng; Guo, Jing-Feng; Hong, Xiao-Yue (2013-07-17). "Eriophyoid mites from Northeast China (Acari: Eriophyoidea)". Zootaxa. 3689 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3689.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  12. ^ a b c Domes, R. (2005-06-30). "Descriptions of three new species on Siskiyou spruce (Picea breweriana S.Wats.), Pinaceae". Acarologia. 45 (1): 67–76. ISSN 0044-586X.
  13. ^ Löyttyniemi, Kari (1969-01-01). "An Eriophyidae species damaging Norway spruce seedlings in nurseries in Finland". Silva Fennica. 3 (3).
  14. ^ "IRMNG - Nalepella Keifer, 1944". irmng.org. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  15. ^ Eriophyid Studies: C. Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1969.
  16. ^ a b c Zhang, Zhi-Qiang; Hong, Xiao-Yue; Fan, Qing-Hai (2010). Xin Jie-Liu Centenary: Progress in Chinese Acarology. Magnolia Press. ISBN 978-1-86977-545-2.
  17. ^ 动物分类学报 (in Chinese). 科学出版社. 1988.
  18. ^ Ueckermann, Edward A. (2010-09-23). Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-90-481-9562-6.
  19. ^ Lindquist, E. E.; Bruin, J.; Sabelis, M. W. (1996-07-03). Eriophyoid Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-053123-6.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h Kiedrowicz, Agnieszka; Lewandowski, Mariusz; Skoracka, Anna (2016-06-01). "Diversity and significance of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with coniferous trees in Poland: a review". Biological Letters. 53 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1515/biolet-2017-0003. ISSN 1734-7467.
  21. ^ "Nalepella breweriana – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  22. ^ a b "Nalepella danica – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  23. ^ a b c d Boczek, J.; Harding, S.; Shi, A.; Bresciani, J. (2002-04-19). "A new species of Nalepella Keifer (Acarina: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) from Abies in Denmark". Acarologia. 42 (1): 53–60. ISSN 0044-586X.
  24. ^ a b c Nalepella ednae (PDF) (in Spanish), Secretary of environment and natural resources | National forestry commission
  25. ^ "Manejo del riesgo de introducción de Nalepella ednae y Epitrimerus pseudotsugae para árboles cortados" [Management of the risk of introduction of Nalepella ednae and Epitrimerus pseudotsugae for cut trees] (PDF), Estudio de análisis de riesgo de plagas de los insectos y patógenos exóticos que pueden entrar en los árboles de navidad que se importan de Estados Unidos y Canadá a México [Pest risk analysis study of exotic insects and pathogens that can enter Christmas trees that are imported from the United States and Canada to Mexico] (in Spanish), pp. 355–357
  26. ^ ext_dpla (2014-10-08). "Pest Quarantine Information". pubs.extension.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  27. ^ "Nalepella ednae – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  28. ^ "Nalepella haarlovi – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  29. ^ Zicha, Ondrej. "BioLib: Biological library". www.biolib.cz. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  30. ^ Hu, D.; Krantz, G.W. (1991-03-01). "A new species of Nalepella keifer (Acari: eriophyoidea: nalepellidae) from conifers in Oregon, USA". International Journal of Acarology. 17 (1): 5–8. doi:10.1080/01647959108683878. ISSN 0164-7954.
  31. ^ "Nalepella shevtchenkoi – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  32. ^ Petanović, R.; Vidović, B. (2009). "NEW ACARICALUS SPECIES (ACARI: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM TURKEY OAK, QUERCUS CERRIS L. (FAGACEAE) AND THE NEW RECORDS FOR THE FAUNA OF SERBIA". Acta entomologica Serbica.
  33. ^ "PESI portal - Nalepella shevtchenkoi Boczek, 1969". www.eu-nomen.eu. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  34. ^ "Hemlock Rust Mite | NC State Extension Publications". content.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
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