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Special input/output (Special I/O or SIO) are inputs and/or outputs of a microcontroller designated to perform specialized functions or have specialized features.

Specialized functions can include:

Hardware interrupts,
analog input or output
PWM output
Serial communication, such as UART, USART,^[1]^[2] SPI bus, or SerDes.
External reset
Switch debounce
Input pull-up (or -down) resistors
open collector output
Pulse counting^[3]
Timing pulses^[4]^[5]

Some kinds of special I/O functions can sometimes be emulated with general-purpose input/output and bit banging software.

References

^ Dogan Ibrahim (2011). Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C. Elsevier Science. p. 357. ISBN 9780080558424.
^ Adetoyi, O.E. (2017). "Development of Smart Card Door Access Control System" (PDF). International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering. 8 (1): 41–44.
^ Thomas Bräunl (2013). Embedded Robotics; Mobile Robot Design and Applications with Embedded Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 61. ISBN 9783662050996.
^ Steven F. Barrett (2013). Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone!. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 265. ISBN 9781627052542.
^ Shepetov, A.; Chubenko, A.; Kryakunova, O.; Nikolayevsky, N.; Salikhov, N.; Yanke, V. (2017). "The STM32 microcontroller based pulse intensity registration system for the neutron monitor" (PDF). EPJ Web of Conferences. 145. EDP Sciences.

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[1] Dogan Ibrahim (2011). Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C. Elsevier Science. p. 357. ISBN 9780080558424.

[2] Adetoyi, O.E. (2017). "Development of Smart Card Door Access Control System" (PDF). International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering. 8 (1): 41–44.

[3] Thomas Bräunl (2013). Embedded Robotics; Mobile Robot Design and Applications with Embedded Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 61. ISBN 9783662050996.

[4] Steven F. Barrett (2013). Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone!. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 265. ISBN 9781627052542.

[5] Shepetov, A.; Chubenko, A.; Kryakunova, O.; Nikolayevsky, N.; Salikhov, N.; Yanke, V. (2017). "The STM32 microcontroller based pulse intensity registration system for the neutron monitor" (PDF). EPJ Web of Conferences. 145. EDP Sciences.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Specialised microcontroller functionality}}
-{{unreliable sources|date=February 2012}}
-'''Special input/output''' (Special I/O or SIO) are inputs and/or outputs of a [[microcontroller]] designated to perform specialized functions or have specialized features.<ref>[http://www.robotoid.com/appnotes/programming-microcontroller-special-functions.html Special Microcontroller Functions], retrieved 29 October 2011</ref>
+'''Special input/output''' (Special I/O or SIO) are inputs and/or outputs of a [[microcontroller]] designated to perform specialized functions or have specialized features.
 Specialized functions can include:
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 *[[Analog-to-digital converter|analog input]] or [[Digital-to-analog converter|output]]
 *[[Pulse-width modulation|PWM]] output
+*[[Serial communication]], such as [[UART]], [[USART]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Advanced_PIC_Microcontroller_Projects_in/NPSQShtCQaUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA357&printsec=frontcover |page=357 |title=Advanced PIC Microcontroller Projects in C |author=Dogan Ibrahim |year=2011 |isbn=9780080558424 |publisher=[[Elsevier Science]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oluyemi-Adetoyi/publication/337440463_Development_of_Smart_Card_Door_Access_Control_System/links/5dd7aee8a6fdcc474feb88bb/Development-of-Smart-Card-Door-Access-Control-System.pdf |last=Adetoyi |first=O.E. |year=2017 |title=Development of Smart Card Door Access Control System |journal=International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=41-44}}</ref> [[SPI bus]], or [[SerDes]].
-*[[Serial communication]], such as [[UART]], [[USART]], [[SPI bus]], or [[SerDes]].
 *External [[Reset (computing)|reset]]
 *[[Debounce#Contact_bounce|Switch debounce]]
 *Input [[Pull-up resistor|pull-up (or -down) resistors]]
 * [[open collector]] output
+* Pulse counting<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Embedded_Robotics/5rntCAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover |page=61 |title=Embedded Robotics; Mobile Robot Design and Applications with Embedded Systems |author=Thomas Bräunl |year=2013 |isbn=9783662050996 |publisher=[[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]}}</ref>
+* [[Pulse-per-second signal|Timing pulses]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Arduino_Microcontroller_Processing_for_E/TbldAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover |page=265 |title=Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! |author=Steven F. Barrett |year=2013 |isbn=9781627052542 |publisher=Morgan & Claypool Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2017/14/epjconf-isvhecri2016_19002.pdf |last1=Shepetov |first1=A. |last2=Chubenko |first2=A. |last3=Kryakunova |first3=O. |last4=Nikolayevsky |first4=N. |last5=Salikhov |first5=N. |last6=Yanke |first6=V. |year=2017 |title=The STM32 microcontroller based pulse intensity registration system for the neutron monitor |journal=EPJ Web of Conferences |volume=145 |publisher=[[EDP Sciences]]}}</ref>
 Some kinds of special I/O functions can sometimes be emulated with [[general-purpose input/output]] and [[bit banging]] software.

Revision as of 13:42, 21 July 2023

See also

References