Edward Joris: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Belgian anarchist (1876–1957)}} |
{{Short description|Belgian anarchist (1876–1957)}} |
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[[File:Edward Joris-1.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Edward Joris, photograph taken in 1905.]] |
[[File:Edward Joris-1.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Edward Joris, photograph taken in 1905.]] |
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'''Edward Joris''' (1876–1957) was a Belgian anarchist who was involved in the 1905 bombing in |
'''Edward Joris''' (1876–1957) was a [[Belgians|Belgian]] [[Flemish people|Flemish]] anarchist who was involved in the 1905 bombing in [[Constantinople]] known as the [[Yıldız assassination attempt]].<ref>Gaïdz Minassian, "The Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Operation 'Nejuik'", in ''To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905)'', edited by Houssine Alloul, Edhem Eldem and Henk de Smaele (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), p. 53.</ref> |
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Through his [[anarchism]], he took an interest in [[anti-colonialism]] and became involved in the attempt after meeting two leaders of the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] (ARF), Vramshabouh Kendirian and one of the founders of the organization, [[Christapor Mikaelian]], whom he provided his house to and assisted the conspirators.<ref name="MVG" /> |
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He was sentenced to death, which triggered a significant protest movement in [[Belgium]], involving both the [[Walloons]] and the [[Flemish Movement|Flemish]], drawing comparisons to the [[Dreyfus Affair]] in [[France]], with numerous political interventions advocating for his release. Supporters of his release were referred to as "Jorisards" and, while connected to the French [[Dreyfusard|Dreyfusards]], they managed to secure his release by exerting pressure on both [[France|French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] authorities.<ref>{{Citation |last=Beyen |first=Marnix |title=The ‘Jorisards’: Public Mobilization Between Local Emotions and Universal Rights |date=2018 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48932-6_8 |work=To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905) |pages=225–246 |editor-last=Alloul |editor-first=Houssine |access-date=2023-08-15 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-48932-6_8 |isbn=978-1-137-48932-6 |editor2-last=Eldem |editor2-first=Edhem |editor3-last=de Smaele |editor3-first=Henk}}</ref> |
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Edward Joris was sent back to [[Belgium]] a few years later. He died in 1957 in [[Antwerp]].<ref name="MVG" /> |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Born in 1876, Joris lost his father when he was 4 years old.<ref name="MVG" /> |
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| ⚫ | He left school at 13 and worked as a shipping clerk. Engaging in left-wing politics, he was secretary of his local branch of the [[Belgian Workers' Party]] from 1895 to 1898, as well as for a trade union. He contributed to the anarchist newspaper ''Ontwaking'' under the pseudonym Edward Greene and defended an [[Anarcho-syndicalism|anarcho-syndicalist]] stance in his publications.<ref name="MVG">Maarten Van Ginderachter, "Edward Joris: Caught between Continents and Ideologies?" in ''To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905)'', edited by Houssine Alloul, Edhem Eldem and Henk de Smaele (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), pp. 67-98.</ref> |
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In 1901 he travelled to [[Constantinople]], where he was briefly employed writing commercial correspondence in French and English and then found work at the Singer sewing machine company. In 1902 his fiancée, Anna Nellens, joined him in Istanbul and they got married, even if he seemed to have been somewhat reluctant to do so.<ref name="MVG" /> |
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On August 14, 1902, he was dismissed by his employer and found employment again by the end of the year 1902 in a sewing company in Constantinople.<ref name="MVG" /> |
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Through a coworker, Joris became involved with the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]], and hence in a plot to assassinate Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]]. The conspirators met for discussions and stored explosives and firearms in his house.<ref name=MVG/> The bombing was carried out on 21 July 1905, killing 26 and injuring 58 but failing to harm the sultan himself. Joris was arrested six days later. He was brought to trial on 25 November and sentenced to death on 18 December. Due to diplomatic pressure from Belgium, the sentence was never carried out.<ref>Richard Bach Jensen, ''[[The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism: An International History, 1878–1934]]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 307.</ref> A support committee was set up by left-wing intellectuals in Belgium, to maintain pressure on the Belgian government to work for his release.<ref>Christophe Verbruggen, ''Schrijverschap in de Belgische belle époque: een sociaal-culturele geschiedenis'' (Ghent and Nijmegen, 2009), pp. 161-166.</ref> Joris was kept in prison until 23 December 1907 and then returned to Belgium.<ref name=MVG/> His letters from prison formed the basis of a later book about his involvement in the plot.<ref>Walter Resseler and Benoit Suykerbuyk, ''Dynamiet voor de sultan: Carolus Edward Joris in Konstantinopel'' (Antwerp, b+b, 1997).</ref> |
Through a coworker, Joris became involved with the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]], and hence in a plot to assassinate Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]]. The conspirators met for discussions and stored explosives and firearms in his house.<ref name=MVG/> The bombing was carried out on 21 July 1905, killing 26 and injuring 58 but failing to harm the sultan himself. Joris was arrested six days later. He was brought to trial on 25 November and sentenced to death on 18 December. Due to diplomatic pressure from Belgium, the sentence was never carried out.<ref>Richard Bach Jensen, ''[[The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism: An International History, 1878–1934]]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 307.</ref> A support committee was set up by left-wing intellectuals in Belgium, to maintain pressure on the Belgian government to work for his release.<ref>Christophe Verbruggen, ''Schrijverschap in de Belgische belle époque: een sociaal-culturele geschiedenis'' (Ghent and Nijmegen, 2009), pp. 161-166.</ref> Joris was kept in prison until 23 December 1907 and then returned to Belgium.<ref name=MVG/> His letters from prison formed the basis of a later book about his involvement in the plot.<ref>Walter Resseler and Benoit Suykerbuyk, ''Dynamiet voor de sultan: Carolus Edward Joris in Konstantinopel'' (Antwerp, b+b, 1997).</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:59, 15 August 2023
Edward Joris (1876–1957) was a Belgian Flemish anarchist who was involved in the 1905 bombing in Constantinople known as the Yıldız assassination attempt.[1]
Through his anarchism, he took an interest in anti-colonialism and became involved in the attempt after meeting two leaders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), Vramshabouh Kendirian and one of the founders of the organization, Christapor Mikaelian, whom he provided his house to and assisted the conspirators.[2]
He was sentenced to death, which triggered a significant protest movement in Belgium, involving both the Walloons and the Flemish, drawing comparisons to the Dreyfus Affair in France, with numerous political interventions advocating for his release. Supporters of his release were referred to as "Jorisards" and, while connected to the French Dreyfusards, they managed to secure his release by exerting pressure on both French and Belgian authorities.[3]
Edward Joris was sent back to Belgium a few years later. He died in 1957 in Antwerp.[2]
Life
Born in 1876, Joris lost his father when he was 4 years old.[2]
He left school at 13 and worked as a shipping clerk. Engaging in left-wing politics, he was secretary of his local branch of the Belgian Workers' Party from 1895 to 1898, as well as for a trade union. He contributed to the anarchist newspaper Ontwaking under the pseudonym Edward Greene and defended an anarcho-syndicalist stance in his publications.[2]
In 1901 he travelled to Constantinople, where he was briefly employed writing commercial correspondence in French and English and then found work at the Singer sewing machine company. In 1902 his fiancée, Anna Nellens, joined him in Istanbul and they got married, even if he seemed to have been somewhat reluctant to do so.[2]
On August 14, 1902, he was dismissed by his employer and found employment again by the end of the year 1902 in a sewing company in Constantinople.[2]
Through a coworker, Joris became involved with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, and hence in a plot to assassinate Sultan Abdul Hamid II. The conspirators met for discussions and stored explosives and firearms in his house.[2] The bombing was carried out on 21 July 1905, killing 26 and injuring 58 but failing to harm the sultan himself. Joris was arrested six days later. He was brought to trial on 25 November and sentenced to death on 18 December. Due to diplomatic pressure from Belgium, the sentence was never carried out.[4] A support committee was set up by left-wing intellectuals in Belgium, to maintain pressure on the Belgian government to work for his release.[5] Joris was kept in prison until 23 December 1907 and then returned to Belgium.[2] His letters from prison formed the basis of a later book about his involvement in the plot.[6]
After his return to Belgium, Joris worked as a bookseller and was secretary to the Antwerp branch of the Ligue des droits de l'homme. After the First World War he was convicted of collaborating with the occupying forces' Flamenpolitik, and sought refuge in the Netherlands. He returned to Belgium after an amnesty in 1929 and worked as a self-employed publicity agent. He died in 1957.[2]
References
- ^ Gaïdz Minassian, "The Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Operation 'Nejuik'", in To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905), edited by Houssine Alloul, Edhem Eldem and Henk de Smaele (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), p. 53.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Maarten Van Ginderachter, "Edward Joris: Caught between Continents and Ideologies?" in To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905), edited by Houssine Alloul, Edhem Eldem and Henk de Smaele (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), pp. 67-98.
- ^ Beyen, Marnix (2018), Alloul, Houssine; Eldem, Edhem; de Smaele, Henk (eds.), "The 'Jorisards': Public Mobilization Between Local Emotions and Universal Rights", To Kill a Sultan: A Transnational History of the Attempt on Abdülhamid II (1905), London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 225–246, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-48932-6_8, ISBN 978-1-137-48932-6, retrieved 2023-08-15
- ^ Richard Bach Jensen, The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism: An International History, 1878–1934 (Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 307.
- ^ Christophe Verbruggen, Schrijverschap in de Belgische belle époque: een sociaal-culturele geschiedenis (Ghent and Nijmegen, 2009), pp. 161-166.
- ^ Walter Resseler and Benoit Suykerbuyk, Dynamiet voor de sultan: Carolus Edward Joris in Konstantinopel (Antwerp, b+b, 1997).