Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted blanking
Line 1: Line 1:
{ The Donga people, a founding nation of the former southern region of Ethiopia, have a long history of involvement in political and social issues, contributing to the development of the region. After the dissolution of the former southern region, they were organized in the central region of Ethiopia, where they formed among the existing 10 nations. Their language, Dongisa (Kizsa), is used for communication, agricultural work, and cultural activities like music, dancing, and storytelling. The Dongisa language is also used in religious rituals and Bible translation. The Donga people have ceremonies associated with their coronation as part of their ancient governmental structure. The Donga people migrated from the northern part of Ethiopia in search of a better place to live since the 16th century. The Amaharic language has been used in the Donga people's educational system to teach and learn their children. They have settled in various areas and are now primarily settled in the Hadero Tunto Zaria district, which is bordered by Kambata, Tembaro, Wolayta, and Hadiya. Hadero Tunto Zaria is one of the district in former the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia, where the Donga people are mainly settled. The local economy is predominantly agricultural, with crops like maize, teff, ginger, and coffee being cultivated in the area. The geographical location of the Donga people ranges from 800 to 2850 meters above sea level, with the local economy being predominantly agricultural, with crops such as maize, teff, ginger, and coffee being cultivated in the area. Donga's local economy is primarily based on mixed farming, with a diverse landscape allowing for the cultivation of crops, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Cash crops, ginger, and coffee are significant contributors to the economy. Enset provides a large amount of carbohydrates for daily consumption, while livestock is needed for supplementation. The Donga area is the main producer of coffee and ginger, with exports being facilitated by Hadero Tunto. The establishment of a ginger processing plant in 2008 by local investor Ainalem Masebo has increased ginger production popularity. The district's historical sites, such as twin waterfalls Ajora and Soke Falls, and mountains like Boha Tora, Sodicho Cave, and Folenge Gorge, also offer potential tourist attractions.
{{short description|Former regional state in southwestern Ethiopia}}
{{Update|date=September 2023|reason=Succeeded by Central Ethiopia Regional State and South Ethiopia Regional State. Zones and districts have been re-organized}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
| official_name =
| native_name = የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል
| native_name_lang = am
| settlement_type = Former [[Regions of Ethiopia|regional state]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples%27_Region.svg
| image_seal = Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region emblem.svg
| image_map = Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region in Ethiopia.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of [[Ethiopia]] showing Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (1992 to 2020 boundaries)
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|6.5|N|37.1|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Capital city|Administrative headquarters]]
| seat = [[Hawassa]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia|Chief Administrator]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:ET|ET-SN]]
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}

The '''Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region''' (often abbreviated as '''SNNPR'''; {{lang-am|የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል|Yädäbub Bḥer Bḥeräsäbočna Hzboč Kllə}}) was a [[Regions of Ethiopia|regional state]] in southwestern [[Ethiopia]]. It was formed from the merger of five ''kililoch'', called Regions 7 to 11, following the regional council elections on 21 June 1992.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lyons |first=Terrence |date=1996 |title=Closing the Transition: The May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia |jstor=161741 |journal=Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=135 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00055233 |s2cid=155079488}}</ref> Its government was based in [[Hawassa]].

The SNNPR bordered [[Kenya]] to the south (including a small part of [[Lake Turkana]]), the [[Ilemi Triangle]] (a region claimed by Kenya and [[South Sudan]]) to the southwest, Oromia region to the north and east. The capital city of the region was [[Hawassa]]. The region included major cities and towns like [[Wolaita Sodo]], [[Arba Minch]], [[Jinka]], [[Dila, Ethiopia|Dila]], [[Boditi]], [[Areka]], [[Butajira]], [[Welkite]], [[Bonga]], [[Hosaena]] and [[Worabe]].

The region dissolved when [[Sidama Region]], [[South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region|Southwest Ethiopia Region]], [[South Ethiopia Regional State]] and [[Central Ethiopia Regional State]] emerged independently.

In June 2020, following the formation of the [[Sidama Region]] the region's capital [[Hawassa]] is located outside of the boundaries of the region. The then regional government planned to move to a city within the region's boundaries after two consecutive national electoral cycles.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-10-18 |title=NEWS: SNNPRS Council approves legal framework which makes Hawassa city accountable to future Sidama Regional State |url=https://addisstandard.com/news-snnprs-council-approves-legal-framework-which-makes-hawassa-city-accountable-to-future-sidama-regional-state/ |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=Addis Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629083206/https://addisstandard.com/news-snnprs-council-approves-legal-framework-which-makes-hawassa-city-accountable-to-future-sidama-regional-state/ }}</ref> The largest cities in the region were [[Sodo]] with the population of 194,977 and [[Arba Minch]] with the population of 151,013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Population Projection Towns as of July 2021 |url=https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Population-of-Towns-as-of-July-2021.pdf |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=Ethiopian Statistics Agency |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707171618/https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Population-of-Towns-as-of-July-2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The dissolution of the region was certain when on 18 August 2023 the [[South Ethiopia Regional State]] was created following the [[2023 South Ethiopia Region referendum]] with remainder of the SNNPR becoming the [[Central Ethiopia Regional State]].

==Demographics==
{{outdated|section|date=December 2021}}
[[File:KembataFamily.jpg|thumb|[[Kambaata people|Kambaata]] family in front of their [[tukul]] in the [[Kembata Tembaro Zone]]]]
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] of Ethiopia (CSA), the SNNPR regional state had an estimated total population of 14,929,548, of whom 7,425,918 were men and 7,503,630 women. 13,433,991 or 89.98% of the population are estimated to be rural inhabitants, while 1,495,557 or 10.02% are urban; this makes the SNNPR Ethiopia's most rural region. With an estimated area of 105,887.18 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 141 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 3,110,995 households were counted, which results in an average for the region of 4.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 3.9 and rural households 4.9 people.<ref name=Census2007>Central Statistical Agency: [http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?download=193:statistical-snnpr&start=10 ''The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Statistical Report for Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region; Part I: Population Size and Characteristics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406053325/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?download=193:statistical-snnpr&start=10 |date=2017-04-06 }}. July 2010.</ref> The projected population for 2017 was 19,170,007.<ref name=CSApop>{{cite book |title=Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017 |publisher=Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/ehioinfo-internal |access-date=4 June 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606103106/http://www.csa.gov.et/ehioinfo-internal |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 10,377,028 of whom 5,161,787 were men and 5,215,241 were women. At the time of the census, the rural population of the Region accounted for 93.2% of the total population. [[Semien Omo Zone|Semien Omo]], [[Wolayita Zone|Wolayita]], and [[Gurage Zone|Gurage]] were the three zones with the highest population. The population is concentrated mostly in eastern, northern and central part of the SNNPR while the western and southern part of the region is sparsely populated.

The SNNPR Water Resources Bureau announced that as of the fiscal year ending in 2006, they had increased the area of the region that had access to [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|drinkable water]] to 54% from 10 to 15% 15 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waltainfo.com/EnNews/2006/Nov/28Nov06/21102.htm |title=Potable water expansion works underway with over 60mln birr in SNNP State |date=28 November 2006 |publisher=Walta Information Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007234513/http://www.waltainfo.com/EnNews/2006/Nov/28Nov06/21102.htm |archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> In August 2008, the head of public relations for the Bureau, Abdulkerim Nesru, announced that 94 million birr had been spent to further increase the availability of drinkable water in the region from 58% in the previous year to 63.6%. Priority was given to certain zones, such as Sidama, Welayta and Gurage, as well as the [[Alaba special woreda]] and several resettlement areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.waltainfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1917&Itemid=45 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525162748/http://www.waltainfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1917&Itemid=45 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2011 |title=SNNP State builds, repairs water facilities with over 94 mln birr |publisher=Walta Information Center |access-date=2 March 2009}}</ref>

Values for other reported common indicators of the [[standard of living]] for the SNNPR {{as of|2005|lc=on}} include the following: 10.7% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 57% and for women 22.4%; and the Regional [[infant mortality rate]] is 85 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is greater than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants' first month of life.<ref>Macro International Inc. [http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM636.pdf "2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105121629/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM636.pdf |date=2010-11-05 }}, pp. 2, 3, 10 (accessed 28 January 2009)</ref>
{{Historical populations
| 1994 |10,377,028
| 2007 |14,929,548
| 2017 |19,170,007
| align = none
| footnote = source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/Ethiopia.html |title=Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region population statistics |access-date=2019-07-02 |archive-date=2018-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924030324/http://citypopulation.de/Ethiopia.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

===Religion===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! Religion
! 1994 Census
! 2007 Census<ref name=Census2007/>
|-
| align="left"|[[P'ent'ay|Protestant]]s
| 21.8%
| 38.5%
|-
| align="left"|[[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church|Orthodox Christians]]
| 34.6%
| 41.86%
|-
| align="left"|[[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]]
| 15.2%
| 14.1%
|-
| align="left"|Traditional religions
| 26.4%
| 2.4%
|-
| align="left"|[[Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia|Roman Catholics]]
| 3%
| 3.2%
|-
| align="left"|Other religious affiliations
| —
| 0.5%
|}

===Ethnicities===
[[File:Gathering, Ethiopia (7987137339).jpg|thumb|[[Mursi people]]]]
[[File:Omo River Valley IMG 9923.jpg|thumb|[[Surma people]]]]
[[File:Femmes dans un village Dassanech.JPG|thumb|[[Daasanach people]]]]
The SNNPR, being an amalgam of the main homelands of numerous [[ethnicities]], contains over 45 indigenous [[ethnic groups]]:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Largest ethnicities
|-
! People
! 1994 Census
! 2007 Census<ref name=Census2007/>
|-
| align="left"|[[Welayta people|Welayta]]
| 12%
| 10.59%
|-
| align="left"|[[Hadiya people|Hadiya]]
| -
| 7.98%
|-
| align="left"|[[Gurage people|Gurage]]
| 15%
| 19.54%
|-
| align="left"|[[Gamo people|Gamo]]
| -
| 7%
|-
| align="left"|[[Kafficho people|Kafficho]]
| -
| 5.44%
|-
| align="left"|[[Silt'e people|Silt'e]]
| -
| 5.37%
|-
| align="left"|[[Amhara people|Amhara]]
| -
| 4.10%
|}

;All ethnicities in region

The ethnicities native to the SNNPR, with percentages of the population as reported in the 2007 national census and organized by linguistic grouping, include:<ref name="Census2007" />
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|

*[[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]]:
**[[Alaba people|Alaba]] – 1.35%, mostly in [[Alaba special woreda]]
**[[Tembaro]] – 1.32%, mostly in Tembaro Woreda.
**[[Arbore people|Arbore]] – 0.04%
**[[Daasanach people|Daasanach]] – 0.32%, mostly in [[Dasenech (woreda)|Dasenech]] (woreda)
**[[Dirashe]] – 0.2%, mostly in [[Dirashe special woreda]]
**[[Gawwada people|Gawwada]] – 0.43%, mostly in [[Dirashe special woreda]]
**[[Gedeo people|Gedeo]] – 4.9%, mostly in [[Gedeo Zone]]
**[[Hadiya people|Hadiya]] – 7.98%, mostly in [[Hadiya Zone]]
**[[Kambaata people|Kambaata]] – 3.82%, mostly in [[Kembata Tembaro Zone]]
**[[Burji people|Burji]] – 0.38%, mostly in [[Burji special woreda]]
**[[Konso people|Konso]] – 1.47%, mostly in [[Konso special woreda]]
**[[Libido people|Libido]] (or Mareqo) – 0.38%, mostly in [[Mareko (woreda)|Mareko]] (woreda)
**[[Sidama people|Sidama]] – 19.38%, mostly in the former [[Sidama Zone]]
**[[Kebena people|Kebena]] – 1.21% mostly in [[Kebena]]
**[[Tsamai people|Tsamai]] – 0.13%, mostly in [[Bena Tsemay]] (woreda)
*[[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]:
**[[Bodi people|Bodi]] – 0.04%
**[[Kichepo people|Kichepo]]
**[[Kwegu people|Kwegu]] – 0.01%
**[[Mekan people|Me'en]] – 1%
**[[Mursi people|Mursi]] – 0.05%, mostly in [[South Omo Zone]]
**[[Nyangatom people|Nyangatom]] – 0.12%, mostly in [[Nyangatom (woreda)|Nyangatom]]
**[[Shabo people|Shabo]], mostly in [[Keficho Shekicho Zone]]
**[[Shita people]]
**[[Surma people|Suri/Surma]] – 0.17%, mostly in [[Surma (woreda)|Surma]] (woreda)
*[[Omotic languages|Omotic]]:
**[[Aari people|Aari]] – 1.9%, mostly in [[Bako Gazer]] (woreda)
**[[Basketo people|Basketo]] – 0.52%, mostly in [[Basketo special woreda]]
**[[Bench people|Bench]] – 2.34%, mostly in [[Bench Maji Zone]]
**[[Chara people|Chara]] – 0.08%, mostly in [[South Omo Zone]]
**[[Dawro people|Dawro]] – 3.28%, mostly in [[Dawro Zone]]
**[[Dime people|Dime]] – < 0.01%
**[[Dizi people|Dizi]] – 0.23%, mostly in [[Maji (woreda)|Maji]] (woreda)
**[[Dorze people|Dorze]], mostly in [[Chencha (woreda)|Chencha]] (woreda)
**[[Gamo people|Gamo]] – 7%, mostly in [[Gamo Gofa Zone]]
**[[Goffa people|Goffa]] – 2.41%, mostly in [[Gamo Gofa Zone]]
**[[Hamar people|Hamar]] – 0.31%, mostly in [[Hamer (woreda)|Hamer]] (woreda)
**[[Kachama people|Kachama]], mostly in [[Arba Minch]] (woreda)
**[[Karo people (Ethiopia)|Karo]] – 0.01%
**[[Kafficho people|Kafficho]] – 5.44%, mostly in [[Keffa Zone]]
**[[Konta people|Konta]] – 0.54%, mostly in [[Konta special woreda]]
**[[Koorete people|Koorete]] – 1.02%, mostly in [[Amaro special woreda]]
**[[Male people|Male]] – 0.59%, mostly in [[Male (woreda)|Male]] (woreda)
**[[Mello people|Mello]], mostly in [[Melokoza]] (woreda)
**[[Oyda people|Oyda]] – 0.25%, mostly in [[Oyda]] (woreda)
**[[Shakacho people|Shakacho]] – 0.44%, mostly in [[Sheka Zone]]
**[[Sheko people|Sheko]] – 0.24%, mostly in [[Sheko (woreda)|Sheko]] (woreda)
**[[Welayta people|Welayta]] – 10.59%, mostly in [[Wolayita Zone]]
**[[Yem people|Yem]] (Yemse) – 0.5%, mostly in [[Yem special woreda]]
*[[Semitic languages|Semitic]]:
**[[Amhara people|Amhara]] – 4.10%, widespread
**[[Gurage]] – 17.57, mostly in [[Gurage Zone]]
**[[Silt'e people|Silte]] – 5.37%, mostly in [[Silt'e Zone]]
**[[Zayse]] – 0.1%, mostly in the [[Lake Zway]] area
**[[Zergula]]
}}

===Languages===
The 2007 census reported that the predominantly spoken mother tongue languages include [[Sidama language|Sidama]] (19.59%), [[Welayta language|Welayta]] (10.48%), [[Hadiya language|Hadiya]] (8%), [[Gurage languages|Gurage]] (7.13%), [[Gamo language|Gamo]] (6.9%), [[Kafa language|Kafa]] (5.36%) and [[Amharic]] (4.10%). Other languages spoken in the State include [[Kambaata language|Kambaata]], [[Melo language|Melo]], [[Gofa language|Gofa]], [[Gedeo language|Gedeo]] and [[Dime language|Dime]]; because of the relatively few number of speakers of most of the languages in the region, the working language of the state is Amharic (the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia and formerly the only official language).<ref name=Census2007/>

The 1994 census reported that the predominantly spoken languages include [[Sidamo language|Sidamo]] (18%), [[Gurage languages|Gurage]] (14.72%), [[Welayta language|Welayta]] (11.53%), [[Hadiya language|Hadiya]] (8.53%), [[Kafa language|Kafa]] (5.22%), and [[Kambaata language|Kambaata]] (4.35%). Other languages spoken in the State include [[Gamo language|Gamo]], [[Melo language|Melo]], [[Gofa language|Gofa]], and [[Gedeo language|Gedeo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ethiopar.net/type/English/basinfo/infosnnp.htm |title=FDRE States-Basic Information, Southern nations and Nationalities |access-date=10 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618185251/http://www.ethiopar.net/type/English/basinfo/infosnnp.htm |archive-date=18 June 2008}}</ref>

[[Amharic]] is still the working language although most pupils get eight years of primary education in their home language and all secondary and further education is in English.<ref>Kathleen Heugh: {{Google books|x-jHBAAAQBAJ|Margins, Diversity and Achievement: System-Wide Data and Implementation of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia|page=48}}. In: Durk Gorter, Victoria Zenotz, Jasone Cenoz (eds.): ''Minority Languages and Multilingual Education: Bridging the Local and the Global''. Springer 2013, {{ISBN|978-94-007-7317-2}}.</ref>

==Agriculture==
[[File:WomanEnset.jpg|thumb|A [[Kambaata people|Kambaata]] woman extracting the edible part of an [[enset]] (a major staple crop of the SNNPR) with a traditional tool.]]
The CSA reported that for 2004–2005 100,338 tons of [[coffee]] were produced in the SNNPR, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority. This represents 44.2% of the total production in Ethiopia.

Farmers in the Region had an estimated total 7,938,490 head of cattle (representing 20.5% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 3,270,200 sheep (18.8%), 2,289,970 goats (17.6%), 298,720 horses (19.7%), 63,460 mules (43.1%), 278,440 asses (11.1%), 6,586,140 poultry of all species (21.3%), and 726,960 beehives (16.7%).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202005/Agriculture.pdf |title=CSA 2005 National Statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118225214/http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202005/Agriculture.pdf |archive-date=18 November 2008 |at=Tables D.4–D.7}}</ref>

[[Enset]] is a major indigenous local crop in the SNNPR.

==List of Chief Administrators ==
{{main|List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia}}
*[[Abate Kisho]] ([[Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement|SEPDM]]), 1992–2001<ref name="worldstatesmen">{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ethiopia_Regions.html |title=Ethiopia Regions |website=Worldstatesmen.org |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225457/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ethiopia_Regions.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Hailemariam Desalegn]], 12 November 2001 – March 2006<ref name="worldstatesmen"/>
*[[Shiferaw Shigute]] (SEPDM), March 2006 – July 2013<ref name="worldstatesmen"/><ref name="erta07-2013"/>
*[[Dessie Dalke]], July 2013 – 2018<ref name="erta07-2013">{{Cite news |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201307150179.html |title=Ethiopia: Dessie Dalke Appointed As Chief of South Ethiopia State |publisher=Ethiopian Radio and Television Agency |website=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=July 13, 2013 |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525022648/http://allafrica.com/stories/201307150179.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Million Mathiwos]], 2018 – 2019
*[[Erstu Yirdaw]], 31 August 2019 – 18 August 2023

==Administrative zones==
[[File:Arba Minch, Ethiopia (12563180364).jpg|thumb|Waterfalls in Arba Mich]]
The following table shows administrative zones and special woredas (an administrative subdivision which is similar to an [[autonomous area]]) is based on information from 2022; the list of second administrative level bodies maintained by the [[United Nations Geographic Information Working Group]] dates from 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/whosis/database/gis/salb/salb_home.htm |title=Names and codes for January 2000, Ethiopia |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=2020-10-05 |archive-date=2009-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420142513/http://www.who.int/whosis/database/gis/salb/salb_home.htm |url-status=live }} The information in the WHO spreadsheet is built on information received 18 September 2002 from the Ethiopian Ministry of Federal Affairs.</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ [[List of zones of Ethiopia|Zones]] and [[Districts of Ethiopia#Special woredas|Special Woredas]] in [[SNNPR]]
|-
! Number !! Zone !! Seat
|-
| 1 || [[Gamo Zone]] || [[Arba Minch]]
|-
| 2 || [[Gofa Zone]] || [[Sawula]]
|-
| 3 || [[Gedeo Zone]] || [[Dila, Ethiopia|Dilla]]
|-
| 4 || [[Gurage Zone]] || [[Welkite]]
|-
| 5 || [[Hadiya Zone]] || [[Hosaena]]
|-
| 6 || [[Kembata Tembaro Zone]] || [[Durame]]
|-
| 7 || [[Silt'e Zone]] || [[Worabe]]
|-
| 8 || [[Debub Omo Zone]] || [[Jinka]]
|-
| 9 || [[Wolayita Zone]] || [[Sodo]]
|-
| 10 || [[Alaba Zone]] || [[Halaba Kulito]]
|-
| 11 || [[Amaro special woreda]] || [[Kele,_Ethiopia|Kele]]
|-
| 12 || [[Alle Special Woreda]] ||
|-
| 13 || [[Basketo special woreda]] || [[Laska, Ethiopia|Laska]]
|-
| 14 || [[Burji special woreda]] || [[Soyama]]
|-
| 15 || [[Dirashe special woreda]] || [[Gidole]]
|-
| 16 || [[Konso Zone]] || [[Konso|Karat]]
|-
| 17 || [[Yem special woreda]] || [[Fofa]]
|}
===Former zones===
*[[Keficho Shekicho Zone]]
*[[North Omo Zone]]

==See also==
*[[List of districts in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region}}

*{{Official website|1=http://www.snnprs.gov.et/}}
*[http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1273321 Map of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region at UN-OCHA]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]] file)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227155110/http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/administrative/Atlas_SNNP.pdf Map of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region at DPPA of Ethiopia] (PDF file)
*[http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/35332/ethiopias-vanishing-tribes Ethiopia's Vanishing Tribes] slideshow by [[Life magazine|''Life'' magazine]]

{{First-level administrative divisions of Ethiopia}}
{{Districts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region}}

<references group="lower-alpha"/>

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region| ]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Ethiopian Highlands]]
[[Category:Regions of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1992]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 2023]]

Revision as of 20:04, 16 October 2023

{ The Donga people, a founding nation of the former southern region of Ethiopia, have a long history of involvement in political and social issues, contributing to the development of the region. After the dissolution of the former southern region, they were organized in the central region of Ethiopia, where they formed among the existing 10 nations. Their language, Dongisa (Kizsa), is used for communication, agricultural work, and cultural activities like music, dancing, and storytelling. The Dongisa language is also used in religious rituals and Bible translation. The Donga people have ceremonies associated with their coronation as part of their ancient governmental structure. The Donga people migrated from the northern part of Ethiopia in search of a better place to live since the 16th century. The Amaharic language has been used in the Donga people's educational system to teach and learn their children. They have settled in various areas and are now primarily settled in the Hadero Tunto Zaria district, which is bordered by Kambata, Tembaro, Wolayta, and Hadiya. Hadero Tunto Zaria is one of the district in former the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia, where the Donga people are mainly settled. The local economy is predominantly agricultural, with crops like maize, teff, ginger, and coffee being cultivated in the area. The geographical location of the Donga people ranges from 800 to 2850 meters above sea level, with the local economy being predominantly agricultural, with crops such as maize, teff, ginger, and coffee being cultivated in the area. Donga's local economy is primarily based on mixed farming, with a diverse landscape allowing for the cultivation of crops, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Cash crops, ginger, and coffee are significant contributors to the economy. Enset provides a large amount of carbohydrates for daily consumption, while livestock is needed for supplementation. The Donga area is the main producer of coffee and ginger, with exports being facilitated by Hadero Tunto. The establishment of a ginger processing plant in 2008 by local investor Ainalem Masebo has increased ginger production popularity. The district's historical sites, such as twin waterfalls Ajora and Soke Falls, and mountains like Boha Tora, Sodicho Cave, and Folenge Gorge, also offer potential tourist attractions.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Nations,_Nationalities,_and_Peoples%27_Region&oldid=1180462288"