Injection site reaction: Difference between revisions
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Expand scope of article to include non-necrotic reactions, and those resulting from subcutaneous administration (see Talk page) |
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'''Injection site reactions''' are localized reactions at the site of injection of a drug. They may be mild, moderate, or severe and may or may not require medical intervention. Some reactions may appear immediately after injection, and some may be delayed.<ref name="PMID29462229">{{cite journal |last1=Shear |first1=NH |last2=Paul |first2=C |last3=Blauvelt |first3=A |last4=Gooderham |first4=M |last5=Leonardi |first5=C |last6=Reich |first6=K |last7=Ohtsuki |first7=M |last8=Pangallo |first8=B |last9=Xu |first9=W |last10=Ball |first10=S |last11=Ridenour |first11=T |last12=Torisu-Itakura |first12=H |last13=Agada |first13=N |last14=Mallbris |first14=L |title=Safety and Tolerability of Ixekizumab: Integrated Analysis of Injection-Site Reactions from 11 Clinical Trials. |journal=Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD |date=1 February 2018 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=200-206 |pmid=29462229}}</ref> Such reactions can occur with [[Subcutaneous administration|subcutaneous]], [[Intramuscular administration|intramuscular]], or [[intravenous administration]]. |
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| ⚫ | Serious reactions may result in cutaneous necrosis that at the injection site, typically presenting in one of two forms: (1) those associated with intravenous infusion or (2) those related to intramuscular injection.<ref name="Andrews">James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. {{ISBN|0-7216-2921-0}}.</ref>{{rp|123-4}} Intramuscular injections may produce a syndrome called [[livedo dermatitis]].<ref name="Andrews" />{{rp|124}} |
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Less severe reactions may include (all reactions are localized):<ref name="PMID37533141">{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=PJ |last2=Lansang |first2=RP |last3=Vender |first3=R |title=A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Injection Site Reactions in Randomized-Controlled Trials of Biologic Injections. |journal=Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery |date=July 2023 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=358-367 |doi=10.1177/12034754231188444 |pmid=37533141}}</ref> |
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* [[Erythema|Redness]] |
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* Pain |
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* [[Pruritis|Itching]] |
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* Swelling<ref name="PMID36846598">{{cite journal |last1=Root |first1=S |last2=Ahn |first2=K |last3=Kirsch |first3=J |last4=Hoskin |first4=JL |title=Review of Tolerability of Fremanezumab for Episodic and Chronic Migraine. |journal=Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment |date=2023 |volume=19 |pages=391-401 |doi=10.2147/NDT.S371686 |pmid=36846598}}</ref> |
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Factors affecting the likelihood of injection site reactions may include:<ref name="PMID31587143">{{cite journal |last1=Usach |first1=I |last2=Martinez |first2=R |last3=Festini |first3=T |last4=Peris |first4=JE |title=Subcutaneous Injection of Drugs: Literature Review of Factors Influencing Pain Sensation at the Injection Site. |journal=Advances in therapy |date=November 2019 |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=2986-2996 |doi=10.1007/s12325-019-01101-6 |pmid=31587143}}</ref> |
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* Needle features, such as gauge and length |
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* Location of injection |
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* Volume injected |
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* Rate of injection |
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* [[Osmolality]], [[viscosity]] and pH of formulation |
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* [[Excipients|Other ingredients]] in the formulation, including buffers and preservatives |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 20:44, 31 October 2023
Injection site reactions are localized reactions at the site of injection of a drug. They may be mild, moderate, or severe and may or may not require medical intervention. Some reactions may appear immediately after injection, and some may be delayed.[1] Such reactions can occur with subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.
Serious reactions may result in cutaneous necrosis that at the injection site, typically presenting in one of two forms: (1) those associated with intravenous infusion or (2) those related to intramuscular injection.[2]: 123–4 Intramuscular injections may produce a syndrome called livedo dermatitis.[2]: 124
Less severe reactions may include (all reactions are localized):[3]
Factors affecting the likelihood of injection site reactions may include:[5]
- Needle features, such as gauge and length
- Location of injection
- Volume injected
- Rate of injection
- Osmolality, viscosity and pH of formulation
- Other ingredients in the formulation, including buffers and preservatives
See also
References
- ^ Shear, NH; Paul, C; Blauvelt, A; Gooderham, M; Leonardi, C; Reich, K; Ohtsuki, M; Pangallo, B; Xu, W; Ball, S; Ridenour, T; Torisu-Itakura, H; Agada, N; Mallbris, L (1 February 2018). "Safety and Tolerability of Ixekizumab: Integrated Analysis of Injection-Site Reactions from 11 Clinical Trials". Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD. 17 (2): 200–206. PMID 29462229.
- ^ a b James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ Kim, PJ; Lansang, RP; Vender, R (July 2023). "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Injection Site Reactions in Randomized-Controlled Trials of Biologic Injections". Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery. 27 (4): 358–367. doi:10.1177/12034754231188444. PMID 37533141.
- ^ Root, S; Ahn, K; Kirsch, J; Hoskin, JL (2023). "Review of Tolerability of Fremanezumab for Episodic and Chronic Migraine". Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 19: 391–401. doi:10.2147/NDT.S371686. PMID 36846598.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Usach, I; Martinez, R; Festini, T; Peris, JE (November 2019). "Subcutaneous Injection of Drugs: Literature Review of Factors Influencing Pain Sensation at the Injection Site". Advances in therapy. 36 (11): 2986–2996. doi:10.1007/s12325-019-01101-6. PMID 31587143.
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