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| ⚫ | '''Inertinite''' refers to a group of partially oxidized organic (mainly plant) materials or [[fossil]]ized [[charcoal|charcoals]], all sharing the characteristic that they typically are inert (i.e. not altered) when heated in the absence of oxygen. Inertinite is a common [[maceral]] in most types of [[coal]]. The main inertinite submacerals are [[fusinite]], [[semifusinite]], [[micrinite]], [[macrinite]] and [[funginite]], with semifusinite being the most common. From the perspective of coal combustion, inertinite can be burned to yield heat, but does not yield significant volatile fractions during [[coking]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mccoy.lib.siu.edu/projects/crelling2/atlas/macerals/mactut.html |title=Coal Macerals Tutorial |accessdate=2011-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720044325/http://mccoy.lib.siu.edu/projects/crelling2/atlas/macerals/mactut.html |archivedate=2011-07-20 }}</ref> <ref name="Ward">{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Colin |title=Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition) |date=2003 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=9780122274107 |pages=45-77 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00111-3 |access-date=23 November 2023 |chapter=Coal Geology}}</ref> |
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{{Refimprove|date=March 2009}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Inertinite''' |
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Inertinite is also found as tiny flakes within [[sedimentary rock]]s. The presence of inertinite in this context is significant in the geological record, as it signifies that [[wildfire]]s may have occurred at the time that the host [[sediment]] was deposited.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rimmer |first1=Susan |last2=Hawkins |first2=Sarah |last3=Scott |first3=Andrew |last4=Cressler |first4=Walter |title=The rise of fire: Fossil charcoal in late Devonian marine shales as an indicator of expanding terrestrial ecosystems, fire, and atmospheric change |journal=American Journal of Science |date=1 October 2015 |volume=315 |issue=8 |url=https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2015.01 |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref> It can also be an indication of oxidation due to atmospheric exposure or fungal decomposition during deposition. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Flores |first1=Romeo |title=Coal and Coalbed Gas |date=2014 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780123969729 |pages=167-233 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396972-9.00004-5 |access-date=23 November 2023 |chapter=Chapter 4 - Coalification, Gasification, and Gas Storage}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The optical properties of semifusinite are very similar to those of [[vitrinite]]. They differ in that semifusinite displays a folded texture as compared to vitrinite which generally maintains its composed structure. Inertinites also displays higher [[reflectance]] than vitrinite, except when approaching an [[anthracite|anthracitic]] or [[graphite]] state. |
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| ⚫ | The optical properties of semifusinite are very similar to those of [[vitrinite]]. They differ in that semifusinite displays a folded texture as compared to vitrinite which generally maintains its composed structure. Inertinites also displays higher [[reflectance]] than vitrinite, except when approaching an [[anthracite|anthracitic]] or [[graphite]] state.<ref name="Ward" /> |
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== Formation == |
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Intertinite naturally forms during wildfires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Andrew C. |last2=Glasspool |first2=Ian J. |date=2007-04-02 |title=Observations and experiments on the origin and formation of inertinite group macerals |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516206000978 |journal=International Journal of Coal Geology |series=TSOP 2004 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.009 |issn=0166-5162}}</ref> |
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There is evidence that [[biochar]], produced |
Intertinite naturally forms during wildfires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Andrew C. |last2=Glasspool |first2=Ian J. |date=2007-04-02 |title=Observations and experiments on the origin and formation of inertinite group macerals |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516206000978 |journal=International Journal of Coal Geology |series=TSOP 2004 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.009 |issn=0166-5162}}</ref> There is evidence that [[biochar]], produced by [[pyrolysis]] at temperatures over 600°C, resembles inertinite.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-10913.html |title=Carbon permanence of biochar; a lesson learned from the geologically preserved charcoal in carbonaceous rocks |last=Sanei |first=Hamed |last2=Petersen |first2=Henrik Ingermann |date=2023-02-22 |publisher=Copernicus Meetings |issue=EGU23-10913 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 15:43, 23 November 2023
Inertinite refers to a group of partially oxidized organic (mainly plant) materials or fossilized charcoals, all sharing the characteristic that they typically are inert (i.e. not altered) when heated in the absence of oxygen. Inertinite is a common maceral in most types of coal. The main inertinite submacerals are fusinite, semifusinite, micrinite, macrinite and funginite, with semifusinite being the most common. From the perspective of coal combustion, inertinite can be burned to yield heat, but does not yield significant volatile fractions during coking.[1] [2]
Inertinite is also found as tiny flakes within sedimentary rocks. The presence of inertinite in this context is significant in the geological record, as it signifies that wildfires may have occurred at the time that the host sediment was deposited.[3] It can also be an indication of oxidation due to atmospheric exposure or fungal decomposition during deposition. [4]
The optical properties of semifusinite are very similar to those of vitrinite. They differ in that semifusinite displays a folded texture as compared to vitrinite which generally maintains its composed structure. Inertinites also displays higher reflectance than vitrinite, except when approaching an anthracitic or graphite state.[2]
Intertinite naturally forms during wildfires.[5] There is evidence that biochar, produced by pyrolysis at temperatures over 600°C, resembles inertinite.[6]
References
- ^ "Coal Macerals Tutorial". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ^ a b Ward, Colin (2003). "Coal Geology". Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition). Academic Press. pp. 45–77. ISBN 9780122274107. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ Rimmer, Susan; Hawkins, Sarah; Scott, Andrew; Cressler, Walter (1 October 2015). "The rise of fire: Fossil charcoal in late Devonian marine shales as an indicator of expanding terrestrial ecosystems, fire, and atmospheric change". American Journal of Science. 315 (8). Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ Flores, Romeo (2014). "Chapter 4 - Coalification, Gasification, and Gas Storage". Coal and Coalbed Gas. Elsevier. pp. 167–233. ISBN 9780123969729. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ Scott, Andrew C.; Glasspool, Ian J. (2007-04-02). "Observations and experiments on the origin and formation of inertinite group macerals". International Journal of Coal Geology. TSOP 2004. 70 (1): 53–66. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.009. ISSN 0166-5162.
- ^ Sanei, Hamed; Petersen, Henrik Ingermann (2023-02-22). Carbon permanence of biochar; a lesson learned from the geologically preserved charcoal in carbonaceous rocks (Report). Copernicus Meetings.
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