Parcopresis: Difference between revisions
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'''Parcopresis''', also termed '''psychogenic fecal retention''', is the inability to [[defecate]] without a certain level of privacy. |
'''Parcopresis''', also termed '''psychogenic fecal retention''' or '''shy bowel''', is the inability to [[defecate]] without a certain level of privacy. It can be either a difficulty or inability to defecate due to significant psychological distress, and is associated with avoidance in public and social situations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kuoch |first=Kenley LJ |last2=Austin |first2=David W |last3=Knowles |first3=Simon R |date=2019-04-01 |title=Latest thinking on paruresis and parcopresis: A new distinct diagnostic entity? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-09-18-4700 |journal=Australian Journal of General Practice |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=212–215 |doi=10.31128/ajgp-09-18-4700 |issn=2208-794X}}</ref> It is typically researched alongside and has comorbidity with [[paruresis]], which is an inability or difficulty to urinate in the presence of others.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Parcopresis is not a medically recognized condition,<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/04/the-private-lives-of-public-bathrooms/360497/ The Private Lives of Public Bathrooms - Julie Beck - The Atlantic]</ref> although one case report in 2011 suggests it should be classified as a form of social phobia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barros |first=Régis Eric Maia |date=December 2011 |title=Paruresis and Parcopresis in Social Phobia: a case report |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462011000400019 |journal=Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=416–417 |doi=10.1590/s1516-44462011000400019 |issn=1516-4446}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, little is known about parcopresis and it has unknown prevalence.<ref name=":0" /> One 2021 study with a sample size of 714 university students found that a gender-adjusted 14.4% of the study population avoided using public toilets for fears associated with parcopresis, with significantly higher prevalence among females.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knowles |first=Simon R. |date=2023-01-01 |title=Socio-cognitive processes are associated with parcopresis symptoms and public toilet avoidance in university students |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01586-x |journal=Current Psychology |language=en |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=1762–1772 |doi=10.1007/s12144-021-01586-x |issn=1936-4733}}</ref> Cognitive behavioral therapy is speculated to provide the most benefit, but there is not yet research to support this claim.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Parcopresis is not a medically recognized condition.<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/04/the-private-lives-of-public-bathrooms/360497/ The Private Lives of Public Bathrooms - Julie Beck - The Atlantic]</ref> |
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==History== |
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Parcopresis is described as an inability to defecate when other people are perceived or are likely to be nearby (e.g., in the same public toilet, house or building). This inability affects the sufferer's lifestyle to varying degrees, ranging from the urge to defecate only in a limited number of “safe” places, to — in less severe presentations — allowing for defecation in places where the person is unknown and unlikely to become known in the future, such that any embarrassment is unlikely to have consequences lasting beyond the {{Not a typo|defecative}} episode itself. The level of restriction varies depending on the severity of each sufferer's condition. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[Encopresis]], where fecal incontinence occurs in children |
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*[[Paruresis]], an inability to urinate |
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*[[Encopresis]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 14:38, 3 December 2023
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| Parcopresis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Psychogenic fecal retention |
| Specialty | Psychology |
Parcopresis, also termed psychogenic fecal retention or shy bowel, is the inability to defecate without a certain level of privacy. It can be either a difficulty or inability to defecate due to significant psychological distress, and is associated with avoidance in public and social situations.[1] It is typically researched alongside and has comorbidity with paruresis, which is an inability or difficulty to urinate in the presence of others.[1]
Parcopresis is not a medically recognized condition,[2] although one case report in 2011 suggests it should be classified as a form of social phobia.[3] As of 2019[update], little is known about parcopresis and it has unknown prevalence.[1] One 2021 study with a sample size of 714 university students found that a gender-adjusted 14.4% of the study population avoided using public toilets for fears associated with parcopresis, with significantly higher prevalence among females.[4] Cognitive behavioral therapy is speculated to provide the most benefit, but there is not yet research to support this claim.[1]
See also
- Encopresis, where fecal incontinence occurs in children
References
- ^ a b c d Kuoch, Kenley LJ; Austin, David W; Knowles, Simon R (2019-04-01). "Latest thinking on paruresis and parcopresis: A new distinct diagnostic entity?". Australian Journal of General Practice. 48 (4): 212–215. doi:10.31128/ajgp-09-18-4700. ISSN 2208-794X.
- ^ The Private Lives of Public Bathrooms - Julie Beck - The Atlantic
- ^ Barros, Régis Eric Maia (December 2011). "Paruresis and Parcopresis in Social Phobia: a case report". Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 33 (4): 416–417. doi:10.1590/s1516-44462011000400019. ISSN 1516-4446.
- ^ Knowles, Simon R. (2023-01-01). "Socio-cognitive processes are associated with parcopresis symptoms and public toilet avoidance in university students". Current Psychology. 42 (3): 1762–1772. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01586-x. ISSN 1936-4733.
Further reading
- Barros, Regis (December 2011). "Paruresis and Parcopresis in Social Phobia" (PDF). Brasilian Journal of Psychiatry. 33 (4): 416–417. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462011000400019. PMID 22189935.
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