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{{short description|Breed of alpaca}}
{{short description|Breed of alpaca}}
[[File:Alpaca.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|A Huacaya alpaca near Arequipa in Peru]]


== General ==
'''Huacaya''' is one of the two breeds that make up the species ''Lama pacos'', commonly known as the [[alpaca]] (the other breed is the [[Suri alpaca|Suri]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = A microsatellite study on the genetic distance between Suri and Huacaya phenotypes in Peruvian alpaca (Vicugna pacos)|publisher = Wageningen Academic Publishers|date = 2011-01-01|isbn = 978-90-8686-727-1|doi = 10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_20|first1 = V. La|last1 = Manna|first2 = A. La|last2 = Terza|first3 = S.|last3 = Dharaneedharan|first4 = S.|last4 = Ghezzi|first5 = S. Arumugam|last5 = Saravanaperumal|first6 = N.|last6 = Apaza|first7 = T.|last7 = Huanca|first8 = R.|last8 = Bozzi|first9 = C.|last9 = Renieri|editor-first = Ma Ángeles|editor-last = Pérez-Cabal|editor-first2 = Juan Pablo|editor-last2 = Gutiérrez|editor-first3 = Isabel|editor-last3 = Cervantes|editor-first4 = Ma Jesús|editor-last4 = Alcalde|page = 1}}</ref> It lives on the [[Altiplano]] in the [[Andes]], up to {{convert|4,000|m}} above sea level. Its natural range encompasses four South American countries.
[[File:Dülmen,_Börnste,_Alpakas_--_2020_--_5462.jpg|thumb|231x231px|A picture of a huacaya alpaca.]]
[[File:Adolphe_Millot_mammiferes_C_alpaca.jpg|thumb|388x388px|A drawing of a Huacaya alpaca.]]
The '''Huacaya''' alpaca is one of two breeds of alpaca that make up the species ''Vicugna pacos'' in the Camalidae family <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bornstein |first=Set |title=Important Ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S17 |journal=Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1-6 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref>. The other breed of alpaca is called the Suri alpaca<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Kapustka |first=Joanna |last2=Budzynska |first2=Monika |date=2021 |title=Human ability to interpret alpaca body language |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558787820301611?casa_token=x4X38jYsGK0AAAAA:gza5mDyybqExRZ1JlK5v9BXLWqWISJhA1rYiPWMvyvGQmOPiH92-Pb6IIcIn4Fe8N8JYIPkM |journal=Journal of Veterinary Behavior |volume=42 |pages=16-21 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref>. Both breeds were first domesticated by the Incas thousands of years ago from a wild species of camelid, the vicuña<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Otazú |first=Daniel |title=Alpaca and vicuña: General perspectives |url=https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20063000845 |journal=Consejo Nacional de Camélidos Sudamericanos |pages=31-36 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Hoffman |first=Eric |title=The Complete Alpaca Book |publisher=Bonny Doon Press |year=2006 |edition=2nd |location=Santa Cruz, California}}</ref>. The native homeland of the Huacaya is the Andean highlands of South America, called the Altiplano<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=F. San |last2=Brayant |first2=F.C. |date=1989 |title=Nutrition of Domesticated South American Llamas and Alpacas |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0921448889900011 |journal=Small Ruminant Research |volume=2 |pages=191-216 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref>. It is 4,000 ft above sea level and reaches into Peru, Chile, and Bolivia<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Lupton |first=C.J. |last2=McColl |first2=A |last3=Stobart |first3=R.H. |title=Fiber characteristics of the Huacaya Alpaca |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448805001707?via%3Dihub |journal=Small Ruminant Research |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=211-224 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref>. In the 1980s, these Huacaya were imported to other countries including Australia, Canada, England, France, New Zealand, and the United States of America to set up alpaca industries internationally<ref name=":12" />.


== Phenotype characteristics ==
== Phenotype characteristics ==
Both breeds are easily identifiable by their phenotypic characteristics.<ref name=":0" /> There are no differences in weight, or pup at birth ({{convert|7.5|–|8|kg}}) or the adult specimens, weighing about {{convert|70|kg}} in males and {{convert|65|kg}} in females.<ref>{{Cite book|title = SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS CAMÉLIDOS SUDAMERICANOS EN PERÚ|last = Fernández-Baca|first = Sr. Saúl|publisher = Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations|year = 2005|pages = 13|url = http://filer.livinginperu.com/features/alpacas-peru-report-2005.pdf|language = es|id = Regional TCP project TCP/RLA/2914}}</ref>
Both breeds are easily identifiable by their phenotypic characteristics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Manna |first1=V. La |title=A microsatellite study on the genetic distance between Suri and Huacaya phenotypes in Peruvian alpaca (Vicugna pacos) |last2=Terza |first2=A. La |last3=Dharaneedharan |first3=S. |last4=Ghezzi |first4=S. |last5=Saravanaperumal |first5=S. Arumugam |last6=Apaza |first6=N. |last7=Huanca |first7=T. |last8=Bozzi |first8=R. |last9=Renieri |first9=C. |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Wageningen Academic Publishers |isbn=978-90-8686-727-1 |editor-last=Pérez-Cabal |editor-first=Ma Ángeles |page=1 |doi=10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_20 |editor-last2=Gutiérrez |editor-first2=Juan Pablo |editor-last3=Cervantes |editor-first3=Isabel |editor-last4=Alcalde |editor-first4=Ma Jesús}}</ref> There are no differences in weight, or pup at birth ({{convert|7.5|–|8|kg}}) or the adult specimens, weighing about {{convert|70|kg}} in males and {{convert|65|kg}} in females.<ref>{{Cite book|title = SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS CAMÉLIDOS SUDAMERICANOS EN PERÚ|last = Fernández-Baca|first = Sr. Saúl|publisher = Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations|year = 2005|pages = 13|url = http://filer.livinginperu.com/features/alpacas-peru-report-2005.pdf|language = es|id = Regional TCP project TCP/RLA/2914}}</ref>
[[File:Alpaca skeleton.jpg|thumb|Alpaca skeleton ([[Museum of Osteology]])]]
[[File:Alpaca skeleton.jpg|thumb|Alpaca skeleton ([[Museum of Osteology]])]]
Animals of the Huacaya breed of alpacas have a rounded and bulky bodies. Huacaya fiber grows perpendicular to the body of the alpaca, and is bulky, smooth and dense. Its curls in its sponge-like fibre are shorter and duller compared with Suri, with an absence of [[wool grease]] that is characteristic of [[Corriedale]] sheep.<ref name=":0" /> Both alpaca breeds possess a vast array of coat colors, totalling 22 different varieties.
Animals of the Huacaya breed of alpacas have a rounded and bulky bodies. Huacaya fiber grows perpendicular to the body of the alpaca, and is bulky, smooth and dense. Its curls in its sponge-like fibre are shorter and duller compared with Suri, with an absence of [[wool grease]] that is characteristic of [[Corriedale]] sheep.<ref name=":0" /> Both alpaca breeds possess a vast array of coat colors, totalling 22 different varieties.

Revision as of 15:47, 24 March 2024

General

A picture of a huacaya alpaca.
A drawing of a Huacaya alpaca.

The Huacaya alpaca is one of two breeds of alpaca that make up the species Vicugna pacos in the Camalidae family [1]. The other breed of alpaca is called the Suri alpaca[2]. Both breeds were first domesticated by the Incas thousands of years ago from a wild species of camelid, the vicuña[3][4]. The native homeland of the Huacaya is the Andean highlands of South America, called the Altiplano[5]. It is 4,000 ft above sea level and reaches into Peru, Chile, and Bolivia[3][6]. In the 1980s, these Huacaya were imported to other countries including Australia, Canada, England, France, New Zealand, and the United States of America to set up alpaca industries internationally[6].

Phenotype characteristics

Both breeds are easily identifiable by their phenotypic characteristics.[7] There are no differences in weight, or pup at birth (7.5–8 kilograms (17–18 lb)) or the adult specimens, weighing about 70 kilograms (150 lb) in males and 65 kilograms (143 lb) in females.[8]

Alpaca skeleton (Museum of Osteology)

Animals of the Huacaya breed of alpacas have a rounded and bulky bodies. Huacaya fiber grows perpendicular to the body of the alpaca, and is bulky, smooth and dense. Its curls in its sponge-like fibre are shorter and duller compared with Suri, with an absence of wool grease that is characteristic of Corriedale sheep.[7] Both alpaca breeds possess a vast array of coat colors, totalling 22 different varieties.

Population

Huacayas far outnumber the Suri population. In Chile, all alpacas are of the Huacaya type, and there is a negligible amount of Suri specimens in Bolivia at the northern border. Peru, which contains the majority of the world's alpaca, has 93% Huacaya as estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization.[9] Thus of the 3.7 million animals worldwide, more than 90% are thought to be of the Huacaya breed.[10]

Products

Fibre

Main article: Alpaca fiber

Huayaca fiber is made up of between 150–170 threads per mm2.[11][12] At 25 μm (0.00098 in) thick, their fiber is 1.5 μm (5.9×10−5 in) thinner than that of the Suri, and considerably whiter, on average. Suri fiber is marginally stronger[10] Some of the products that can be made with fine Huacaya fiber include:

Meat

While huayacas were never bred for meat, their meat is a useful perfectly edible by-product and very high in protein. The carcass weight varies at around 50% of live weight and 23 kilogrammes.[13] Huacaya are thought to produce more meat than the Suri.[14] Alpaca meat has a high protein to fat ratio, with the most common breed containing on average 23% protein.[13]

References

  1. ^ Bornstein, Set. "Important Ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 52 (1): 1–6 – via Google Scholar.
  2. ^ Kapustka, Joanna; Budzynska, Monika (2021). "Human ability to interpret alpaca body language". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 42: 16–21 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  3. ^ a b Otazú, Daniel. "Alpaca and vicuña: General perspectives". Consejo Nacional de Camélidos Sudamericanos: 31–36 – via Google Scholar.
  4. ^ Hoffman, Eric (2006). The Complete Alpaca Book (2nd ed.). Santa Cruz, California: Bonny Doon Press.
  5. ^ Martin, F. San; Brayant, F.C. (1989). "Nutrition of Domesticated South American Llamas and Alpacas". Small Ruminant Research. 2: 191–216 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  6. ^ a b Lupton, C.J.; McColl, A; Stobart, R.H. "Fiber characteristics of the Huacaya Alpaca". Small Ruminant Research. 64 (3): 211–224 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  7. ^ a b Manna, V. La; Terza, A. La; Dharaneedharan, S.; Ghezzi, S.; Saravanaperumal, S. Arumugam; Apaza, N.; Huanca, T.; Bozzi, R.; Renieri, C. (2011-01-01). Pérez-Cabal, Ma Ángeles; Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Cervantes, Isabel; Alcalde, Ma Jesús (eds.). A microsatellite study on the genetic distance between Suri and Huacaya phenotypes in Peruvian alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Wageningen Academic Publishers. p. 1. doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_20. ISBN 978-90-8686-727-1.
  8. ^ Fernández-Baca, Sr. Saúl (2005). SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS CAMÉLIDOS SUDAMERICANOS EN PERÚ (PDF) (in Spanish). Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. p. 13. Regional TCP project TCP/RLA/2914.
  9. ^ Quispe, E.c.; Rodríguez, T.c.; Iñiguez, L.r.; Mueller, J.p. (2009-10-01). "Producción de fibra de alpaca, llama, vicuña y guanaco en Sudamérica". Animal Genetic Resources Information. 45: 1–14. doi:10.1017/S1014233909990277. ISSN 2078-6344.
  10. ^ a b Atav, Rıza; Türkmen, Fatih (2015-08-01). "Investigation of the dyeing characteristics of alpaca fibers (Huacaya and Suri) in comparison with wool" (PDF). Textile Research Journal. 85 (13): 1331–1339. doi:10.1177/0040517514563727. ISSN 0040-5175. S2CID 138553639. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-25.
  11. ^ Maccagno, Luis. (1912) La raza de alpaca Suri. Anales de la Dirección de Fomento de Lima (Perú), Números 7-12.
  12. ^ Romero, Elías C. (1927) Llamas, alpacas, vicuñas y guanacos. Imp. F. Gurfinkel. 203 páginas.
  13. ^ a b Salvá, Bettit K.; Zumalacárregui, José M.; Figueira, Ana C.; Osorio, María T.; Mateo, Javier (2009-08-01). "Nutrient composition and technological quality of meat from alpacas reared in Peru". Meat Science. 82 (4): 450–455. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.02.015. PMID 20416683.
  14. ^ Huarachi, David. Manual cría de camélidos sudamericanos. Ediciones Kollu Huma. 54 páginas.
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