Redside shiner: Difference between revisions
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The Redside Shiner ('''''Richardsonius balteatus)''''' a member of the family Leuciscisae (formerly Cyprinidae) . This species was first described by Sir John Richardson, a Scottish naturalist and naval surgeon. The type locality presumably comes from the Columbia River near Fort Vancouver<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=David S. |title=Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes}}</ref>. These fish have a large range spreading from southern Utah to Canada. There are currently two subspecies described (''R. b. balteaus and R. b. hydrophlox''), but Phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggests that there are three main clades, therefore the two subspecies taxonomy may not accurately reflect the evolution of the group but a taxonomic revision has not been made.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Houston |first=Derek |date=2014 |title=Investigating the effects of Pleistocene events on |
The Redside Shiner ('''''Richardsonius balteatus)''''' a member of the family Leuciscisae (formerly Cyprinidae) . This species was first described by Sir John Richardson, a Scottish naturalist and naval surgeon. The type locality presumably comes from the Columbia River near Fort Vancouver<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=David S. |title=Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes}}</ref>. These fish have a large range spreading from southern Utah to Canada. There are currently two subspecies described (''R. b. balteaus and R. b. hydrophlox''), but Phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggests that there are three main clades, therefore the two subspecies taxonomy may not accurately reflect the evolution of the group but a taxonomic revision has not been made.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Houston |first=Derek |date=2014 |title=Investigating the effects of Pleistocene events on genetic divergence within Richardsonius balteatus, a widely distributed western North American minnow |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=14 |issue=1 |page=111 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-14-111 |doi-access=free |pmid=24885371 |pmc=4038058 |bibcode=2014BMCEE..14..111H }}</ref>{{Speciesbox |
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genetic divergence within Richardsonius balteatus, |
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a widely distributed western North American |
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minnow |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology}}</ref>{{Speciesbox |
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| image = FMIB 39776 Leuciscus siuslawi Evermann & Meek, new species.jpeg |
| image = FMIB 39776 Leuciscus siuslawi Evermann & Meek, new species.jpeg |
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| status = LC |
| status = LC |
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Subspecies ''R. b.'' ''balteaus'' is distributed across Washington, Oregon northern Idaho, western Montana and British Columbia as well as the Peace system in northern Alberta. Subspecies ''R. b. hydrophlox'' is distributed in Utah's bonneville basin and waters in the Snake River plane above Shoshone falls as well as a disjunct population in the Malheur region of southeast Oregon |
Subspecies ''R. b.'' ''balteaus'' is distributed across Washington, Oregon northern Idaho, western Montana and British Columbia as well as the Peace system in northern Alberta. Subspecies ''R. b. hydrophlox'' is distributed in Utah's bonneville basin and waters in the Snake River plane above Shoshone falls as well as a disjunct population in the Malheur region of southeast Oregon |
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It is broadly accepted that geological processes ( river capture and lake spillover events) and changing climate ( survival in and expansion from pleistocene refugia) have contributed to this species current geographic distribution) Hubbs and miller (1948)<ref>{{Cite journal | |
It is broadly accepted that geological processes ( river capture and lake spillover events) and changing climate ( survival in and expansion from pleistocene refugia) have contributed to this species current geographic distribution) Hubbs and miller (1948)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hubbs |last2=Miller |title=Threatened fishes of the world |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=50}}</ref>Minckley et al (1981) McPhail and Lindsey (1981) |
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== Morphology == |
== Morphology == |
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The morphology of this species is described by Lee et al (1980)<ref name=":0" /> LA Rivers (1962)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rivers |first=Ira |title=Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada |publisher=Nevada State Fish and Game |year=1962 |location=Carson city, Nevada}}</ref>Page and Burr (2011)<ref>{{Cite book | |
The morphology of this species is described by Lee et al (1980)<ref name=":0" /> LA Rivers (1962)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rivers |first=Ira |title=Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada |publisher=Nevada State Fish and Game |year=1962 |location=Carson city, Nevada}}</ref>Page and Burr (2011)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Page |first1=L .M |title=Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico |last2=Burr |year=2011}}</ref> Froese and Pauling (2024). Silver coloration on the sides with dark coloration (olive or brown) on the back, and with a thick black stripe and a smaller red/gold stripe along the lateral line (additional red coloration is exhibited on the lower half of the anterior end of the body during spring spawning, especially in males). Deep, laterally compressed body shape. With a forked homocercal tail .Complete, decurved lateral line. Terminal mouth, no barbels. Conical snout. Large eye comparative to body size. Meristics vary among subspecies, ''R. b. balteaus'' and ''R. b. hydrophlox''. |
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Anal fin ray count: 10-24 |
Anal fin ray count: 10-24 |
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== Life cycle == |
== Life cycle == |
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The Redside Shiner is a short lived fish maturing around age 2, living on average 5-6 years but has been recorded living up to 8 years. They spawn in spring into the early summer and their eggs are coated by a sticky adhesive that allows them to stick to rocks and vegetation<ref>{{Cite journal | |
The Redside Shiner is a short lived fish maturing around age 2, living on average 5-6 years but has been recorded living up to 8 years. They spawn in spring into the early summer and their eggs are coated by a sticky adhesive that allows them to stick to rocks and vegetation<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weisel |last2=Newman |title=Copeia |journal=Copeia |volume=1951 |issue=3}}</ref>. Their diet includes aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates as well as the eggs and fry of other species. They are an intraguild predator meaning that they are both predators and prey to larger species such as salmon. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 18:58, 2 May 2024
The Redside Shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) a member of the family Leuciscisae (formerly Cyprinidae) . This species was first described by Sir John Richardson, a Scottish naturalist and naval surgeon. The type locality presumably comes from the Columbia River near Fort Vancouver[1]. These fish have a large range spreading from southern Utah to Canada. There are currently two subspecies described (R. b. balteaus and R. b. hydrophlox), but Phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggests that there are three main clades, therefore the two subspecies taxonomy may not accurately reflect the evolution of the group but a taxonomic revision has not been made.[2]
| Redside shiner | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Clade: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | Richardsonius |
| Species: | R. balteatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Richardsonius balteatus (J. Richardson, 1836)
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| Synonyms | |
| |
Habitat and Distribution
The Redside Shiner typically inhabits cold waters including ponds, lakes, pools and backwaters of large rivers as well as small streams. Their natural range is mostly west of the Rocky Mountains of North America with the exception of the Peace River in northern British Columbia and Alberta. Reaching south to northern Nevada and southern Utah. They have been introduced into northwestern Colorado, southwestern Wyoming, the upper Missouri River drainage in Montana And in reservoirs outside their native distribution in southern Utah. Some of these introductions are from illegal bait bucket transfers to increase forage for sportfish. Being aggressive colonizers they rapidly expand in waters that fit their ecological niche.
Subspecies R. b. balteaus is distributed across Washington, Oregon northern Idaho, western Montana and British Columbia as well as the Peace system in northern Alberta. Subspecies R. b. hydrophlox is distributed in Utah's bonneville basin and waters in the Snake River plane above Shoshone falls as well as a disjunct population in the Malheur region of southeast Oregon
It is broadly accepted that geological processes ( river capture and lake spillover events) and changing climate ( survival in and expansion from pleistocene refugia) have contributed to this species current geographic distribution) Hubbs and miller (1948)[4]Minckley et al (1981) McPhail and Lindsey (1981)
Morphology
The morphology of this species is described by Lee et al (1980)[1] LA Rivers (1962)[5]Page and Burr (2011)[6] Froese and Pauling (2024). Silver coloration on the sides with dark coloration (olive or brown) on the back, and with a thick black stripe and a smaller red/gold stripe along the lateral line (additional red coloration is exhibited on the lower half of the anterior end of the body during spring spawning, especially in males). Deep, laterally compressed body shape. With a forked homocercal tail .Complete, decurved lateral line. Terminal mouth, no barbels. Conical snout. Large eye comparative to body size. Meristics vary among subspecies, R. b. balteaus and R. b. hydrophlox.
Anal fin ray count: 10-24
Anal spine count: 0
Dorsal fin ray count: 8-12
Dorsal spine count: 0
Lateral line scales: 52-67
Pharyngeal teeth: 2,4-4,2 or 2,5-5,2
Standard length: 55-80 mm
Life cycle
The Redside Shiner is a short lived fish maturing around age 2, living on average 5-6 years but has been recorded living up to 8 years. They spawn in spring into the early summer and their eggs are coated by a sticky adhesive that allows them to stick to rocks and vegetation[7]. Their diet includes aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates as well as the eggs and fry of other species. They are an intraguild predator meaning that they are both predators and prey to larger species such as salmon.
References
- ^ a b Lee, David S. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes.
- ^ Houston, Derek (2014). "Investigating the effects of Pleistocene events on genetic divergence within Richardsonius balteatus, a widely distributed western North American minnow". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 111. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14..111H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-111. PMC 4038058. PMID 24885371.
- ^ NatureServe (2013). "Richardsonius balteatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202368A18234383. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202368A18234383.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Hubbs; Miller. "Threatened fishes of the world". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 50.
- ^ Rivers, Ira (1962). Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada. Carson city, Nevada: Nevada State Fish and Game.
- ^ Page, L .M; Burr (2011). Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico.
- ^ Weisel; Newman. "Copeia". Copeia. 1951 (3).