Issam al-Attar: Difference between revisions
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| office = [[Muslim Brotherhood in Syria|Supreme Guide of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood]] |
| office = [[Muslim Brotherhood in Syria|Supreme Guide of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood]] |
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| term_start = 1961 |
| term_start = 1961 |
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| predecessor = [[Mustafa al-Siba'i]] |
| predecessor = [[Mustafa al-Siba'i]] |
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| successor = [[Adnan Saad al-Din]] |
| successor = [[Adnan Saad al-Din]] |
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| birth_date = {{ |
| birth_date = {{birth year|1927}} |
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| birth_place = [[Damascus]], [[State of Syria (1925–1930)|State of Syria]] |
| birth_place = [[Damascus]], [[State of Syria (1925–1930)|State of Syria]] |
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| death_date = {{ |
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|5|3|1927|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Aachen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany |
| death_place = [[Aachen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany |
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| relations = Mohammed Reda al-Attar <small>(father)</small><br>[[Najah al-Attar]] <small>(sister)</small><br>[[Ali Al-Tantawi]] <small>(father-in-law)</small><br>[[Ali Ghaleb Himmat]] <small>(son-in-law)</small> |
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'''Issam al-Attar''' ({{lang-ar|عصام العطار}}; 1927 – 3 May 2024) was a former [[Muslim Brotherhood]] leader, a symbol of resistance to [[Hafez al-Assad]], and in exile in [[Aachen]], Germany since the 1970s. |
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==Biogrpahy== |
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Al-Attar was denied re-entry to Syria by the [[1963 Syrian coup d'état|newly installed Ba'athist government]] following a [[hajj]] trip to Mecca in 1963, and had lived in exile in Germany since the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-opposition-turkey-idUKTRE76C3RC20110713 |title=Syrian exiles call for army to side with people |work=Reuters |date=13 July 2011 |accessdate=23 September 2012}}</ref> Attar was in turn removed from his position as Supreme Guide in 1980 as a result of poor health and due to repeated government victories in the [[Islamic uprising in Syria]].<ref name="History Repeats"/> He led the Talaa’i organization in Germany since the late 1970s, which works mostly with non-Syrian Muslims. He consulted with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood on Syria-related issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=551&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1 |title=The Battle within Syria: An Interview with Muslim Brotherhood Leader Ali Bayanouni |agency=The Jamestown Foundation |date=11 August 2005 |accessdate=22 September 2012}}</ref> |
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Al-Attar was born in 1927 in [[Damascus]], Syria. His father was the jurist Mohammed Reda al-Attar. As an eleven-year-old, he became a member of the ''Youth of Mohammed'', which was founded by [[Mustafa al-Siba'i]], who later became the first head of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria. Following his criticism of [[Adib Shishakli]] in 1951, he was forced to settle in Egypt, where he met [[Sayyid Qutb]], [[Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi]], [[Mahmoud Mohamed Shaker]] and Abd al-Wahhāb Azzām. Later on, he returned to Syria following his father's illness. In 1954, he accompanied [[Hassan al-Hudaybi]] during his visit to Syria. He was a vehement opponent of the [[United Arab Republic]], fearing police state repression against the Islamists,{{sfn|Pargeter|2013|pp=71–73}} in which he was arrested several times during the existence of the Union.{{sfn|Moubayed|2006|p=180}} He became the second Supreme Guide of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, taking over from its founder al-Siba'i, in 1961.<ref name="History Repeats">{{cite news |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/21/history_repeats_itself_as_tragedy?page=0,0 |title=History Repeats Itself as Tragedy |agency=Foreign Policy |date=21 September 2012 |accessdate=22 September 2012 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903164722/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/09/21/history_repeats_itself_as_tragedy?page=0%2c0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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He was denied re-entry to Syria by the [[1963 Syrian coup d'état|newly installed Ba'athist government]] following a [[hajj]] trip to Mecca in 1963, in which he stayed in Lebanon until he left for Europe in 1966 and found a job at an Islamic center in [[West Berlin]],{{sfn|Moubayed|2006|p=180}} and had lived in exile in Germany since the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-opposition-turkey-idUKTRE76C3RC20110713 |title=Syrian exiles call for army to side with people |work=Reuters |date=13 July 2011 |accessdate=23 September 2012}}</ref> |
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He led the Talaa'i organization in Germany since the late 1970s, which works mostly with non-Syrian Muslims, which was centered around the [[:de:Bilal-Moschee (Aachen)|Bilal Mosque]] in [[Aachen]]. He consulted with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood on Syria-related issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=551&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1 |title=The Battle within Syria: An Interview with Muslim Brotherhood Leader Ali Bayanouni |agency=The Jamestown Foundation |date=11 August 2005 |accessdate=22 September 2012}}</ref> He was in turn removed from his position as Supreme Guide in 1980 as a result of poor health and due to repeated government victories in the [[Islamic uprising in Syria]].<ref name="History Repeats"/> After the catastrophic outcome of the uprising, al-Attar was accused of being too reserved towards the Assad regime at a congress in [[Baden-Baden]] in 1982 by other Syrian Muslim Brothers.{{sfn|Schneiders|2013|p=418}} In 1992, Syrian President [[Hafiz al-Assad]] made an offer to al-Attar to return to Syria, which he rejected.{{sfn|Moubayed|2006|p=180}} |
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| ⚫ | Al-Attar died on 3 May 2024 in Aachen, Germany, at the age of 97.<ref>{{cite web |last=Esser |first=Robert |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/region-aachen/aachen/islamischer-gelehrter-issam-al-attar-ist-in-aachen-gestorben/12481879.html |title=Islamischer Gelehrter Issam al-Attar ist in Aachen gestorben |publisher=Aachener Zeitung |language=de |date=3 May 2024 }}</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
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| ⚫ | His sister, [[Najah al-Attar]] is the [[Vice President of Syria]] and is the only woman to have served in the post, which she has held since 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria's First Female Vice President Hailed as Progress for Women|url=http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=4§ion=0&article=79682&d=24&m=3&y=2006|newspaper=[[Arab News]]|date=24 March 2006|accessdate=18 February 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117222623/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=4§ion=0&article=79682&d=24&m=3&y=2006|archivedate=17 January 2012}}</ref> Previously she was Minister of Culture from 1976 to 2000. His wife Binan, daughter of [[Ali Al-Tantawi]] was assassinated by a [[death squad]] sent by Assad on 17 March 1981.{{sfn|Beissel|2007|p=41}} One of his daughters married [[Ali Ghaleb Himmat]].{{sfn|Schneiders|2013|p=418}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
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* {{cite book |last=Beissel |first=Manfred |title=Chronik der Stadt Aachen von 1976 bis 2007 |publisher=Stadt Aachen: Fachbereich Verwaltungsleitung |year=2007 |language=de |url=https://www.aachen.de/de/stadt_buerger/aachen_profil/chronik/pdfs_chronik/chronik_aachen_1976_2007.pdf }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Moubayed |first=Sami M. |title=Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000 |publisher=Cune |location=Seattle |year=2006 |isbn=9781885942401 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Pargeter |first=Alison |title=The Muslim Brotherhood: From Opposition to Power |publisher=Saqi |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=9780863568596 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Schneiders |first=Thorsten Gerald |title=Die Araber im 21. Jahrhundert: Politik, Gesellschaft, Kultur |publisher=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden |year=2013 |language=de |isbn=9783531185262 }} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 12:35, 3 May 2024
Issam al-Attar | |
|---|---|
عصام العطار | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1927 |
| Died | 3 May 2024 (aged 96–97) Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany |
| Religion | Islam |
| Citizenship | Syrian |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Movement | Salafiyya[1] |
| Relations | Mohammed Reda al-Attar (father) Najah al-Attar (sister) Ali Al-Tantawi (father-in-law) Ali Ghaleb Himmat (son-in-law) |
| Muslim leader | |
| Predecessor | Mustafa al-Siba'i |
| Successor | Adnan Saad al-Din |
| Supreme Guide of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood | |
| In office 1961–1980 | |
| Deputy | Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni |
Issam al-Attar (Arabic: عصام العطار; 1927 – 3 May 2024) was a former Muslim Brotherhood leader, a symbol of resistance to Hafez al-Assad, and in exile in Aachen, Germany since the 1970s.
Biogrpahy
Al-Attar was born in 1927 in Damascus, Syria. His father was the jurist Mohammed Reda al-Attar. As an eleven-year-old, he became a member of the Youth of Mohammed, which was founded by Mustafa al-Siba'i, who later became the first head of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria. Following his criticism of Adib Shishakli in 1951, he was forced to settle in Egypt, where he met Sayyid Qutb, Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi, Mahmoud Mohamed Shaker and Abd al-Wahhāb Azzām. Later on, he returned to Syria following his father's illness. In 1954, he accompanied Hassan al-Hudaybi during his visit to Syria. He was a vehement opponent of the United Arab Republic, fearing police state repression against the Islamists,[2] in which he was arrested several times during the existence of the Union.[3] He became the second Supreme Guide of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, taking over from its founder al-Siba'i, in 1961.[4]
He was denied re-entry to Syria by the newly installed Ba'athist government following a hajj trip to Mecca in 1963, in which he stayed in Lebanon until he left for Europe in 1966 and found a job at an Islamic center in West Berlin,[3] and had lived in exile in Germany since the 1970s.[5]
He led the Talaa'i organization in Germany since the late 1970s, which works mostly with non-Syrian Muslims, which was centered around the Bilal Mosque in Aachen. He consulted with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood on Syria-related issues.[6] He was in turn removed from his position as Supreme Guide in 1980 as a result of poor health and due to repeated government victories in the Islamic uprising in Syria.[4] After the catastrophic outcome of the uprising, al-Attar was accused of being too reserved towards the Assad regime at a congress in Baden-Baden in 1982 by other Syrian Muslim Brothers.[7] In 1992, Syrian President Hafiz al-Assad made an offer to al-Attar to return to Syria, which he rejected.[3]
Al-Attar died on 3 May 2024 in Aachen, Germany, at the age of 97.[8]
Personal life
His sister, Najah al-Attar is the Vice President of Syria and is the only woman to have served in the post, which she has held since 2006.[9] Previously she was Minister of Culture from 1976 to 2000. His wife Binan, daughter of Ali Al-Tantawi was assassinated by a death squad sent by Assad on 17 March 1981.[10] One of his daughters married Ali Ghaleb Himmat.[7]
See also
References
- ^ S. Moussalli, Ahmad (1999). Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalist Movements in the Arab World, Iran and Turkey. Folkestone, Kent: The Scarecrow Press. pp. 258–259. ISBN 0-8108-3609-2.
AL-SALAFIYYA. .. In Damascus, many Jordanian students were influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood's Shaykh Mustapha al-Siba'i and 'Isam al-'Attar, both with a long history in al-Salafiyya.
- ^ Pargeter 2013, pp. 71–73.
- ^ a b c Moubayed 2006, p. 180.
- ^ a b "History Repeats Itself as Tragedy". Foreign Policy. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ^ "Syrian exiles call for army to side with people". Reuters. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
- ^ "The Battle within Syria: An Interview with Muslim Brotherhood Leader Ali Bayanouni". The Jamestown Foundation. 11 August 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ^ a b Schneiders 2013, p. 418.
- ^ Esser, Robert (3 May 2024). "Islamischer Gelehrter Issam al-Attar ist in Aachen gestorben" (in German). Aachener Zeitung.
- ^ "Syria's First Female Vice President Hailed as Progress for Women". Arab News. 24 March 2006. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- ^ Beissel 2007, p. 41.
Sources
- Beissel, Manfred (2007). Chronik der Stadt Aachen von 1976 bis 2007 (PDF) (in German). Stadt Aachen: Fachbereich Verwaltungsleitung.
- Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. Seattle: Cune. ISBN 9781885942401.
- Pargeter, Alison (2013). The Muslim Brotherhood: From Opposition to Power. London: Saqi. ISBN 9780863568596.
- Schneiders, Thorsten Gerald (2013). Die Araber im 21. Jahrhundert: Politik, Gesellschaft, Kultur (in German). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. ISBN 9783531185262.
External links
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