Roystonea altissima: Difference between revisions
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Trunks of ''Roystonea altissima'' are solitary, {{convert|30|cm}} in width and {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} in height; gently tapering, the trunk shows leaf scar rings on its youngest parts. The [[crownshaft]] reaches nearly {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, deep green in color, and slightly swollen at the base. The spherical leaf crown usually holds 15 to 20 [[leaves]], gently recurved, to {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length on short [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s. The {{convert|70|cm|abbr=on}} leaflets and closely-spaced along the [[rachis]], slightly angled, creating a mildly plumose leaf. Male flowers on the [[inflorescence]] are violet, fruits are an obovoid [[drupe]], {{convert|1.25|cm|1|abbr=on}} long, purple to black when ripe, containing a single [[seed]]. |
Trunks of ''Roystonea altissima'' are solitary, {{convert|30|cm}} in width and {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} in height; gently tapering, the trunk shows leaf scar rings on its youngest parts. The [[crownshaft]] reaches nearly {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, deep green in color, and slightly swollen at the base. The spherical leaf crown usually holds 15 to 20 [[leaves]], gently recurved, to {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length on short [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s. The {{convert|70|cm|abbr=on}} leaflets and closely-spaced along the [[rachis]], slightly angled, creating a mildly plumose leaf. Male flowers on the [[inflorescence]] are violet, fruits are an obovoid [[drupe]], {{convert|1.25|cm|1|abbr=on}} long, purple to black when ripe, containing a single [[seed]]. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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''Roystonea'' is placed in the [[subfamily]] Arecoideae and the [[tribe_(biology)|tribe]] Roystoneae.<ref name = Roncal2008>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Roncal| first = Julissa| coauthors = Scott Zona; Carl E. Lewis| year = 2008| title = Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation | journal = The Botanical Review| volume = 74| issue = 1| pages = 78–102| doi = 10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9}}</ref> The placement ''Roystonea'' within the Arecoideae is uncertain; a [[phylogeny]] based on [[plastid]] DNA failed to resolve the position of the genus within the Arecoideae.<ref name = Asmussen>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Asmussen| first = Conny B.| coauthors = John Dransfield; Vinnie Deickmann; Anders S. Barfod; Jean-Christophe Pintaud; William J. Baker| year = 2006| title = A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny| journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society| volume = 151| issue = 1| pages = 15–38| doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00521.x}}</ref> As of 2008, there appear to be no molecular phylogenetic studies of ''Roystonea''<ref name = Roncal2008/> and the relationship between ''R. altissima'' and the rest of the genus is uncertain. |
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The species was first described by [[Scottish people|Scottish] botanist [[Philip Miller]] as ''Palma altissima''.<ref name = Miller>{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Philip |authorlink=Philip Miller|title=The Gardeners Dictionary: Containing the Best and Newest Methods of Cultivating and Improving The Kitchen, Fruit, Flower Garden, and Nursery; As also for Performing The Practical Parts of Agriculture: Including the Management of Vineyards, With The Methods of Making and Preserving Wine, According to the present Practice of The most skilful Vignerons in the several Wine Countries in ''Europe''. Together With Directions for Propagating and Improving, From Real Practice and Experience, All Sorts of Timber Trees|url=http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12066618|edition=Eighth Edition|year=1768|publisher=Printed for the Author|location=London}}</ref> The species was largely overlooked for the next 180 years until American botanist [[Liberty Hyde Bailey]] took a look at the royal palms as a whole. Apparently unaware of Miller's description, Bailey applied a new name, ''Roystonea jamaicana'', to the species. In 1963 [[Harold E. Moore]] synonymised Bailey's species with Miller's and proposed a new combination, ''R. altissima''.<ref name = Zona/> |
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===Common names=== |
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''Roystonea altissima'' is known as the "Jamaican cabbage tree", "Jamaican royal palm" or the "mountain cabbage palm".<ref name = Zona>{{cite journal | quotes = no | last = Zona | first = Scott | year = 1996 | month = December | title = Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) | journal = Flora Neotropica | volume = 71 |pages = 1–35 }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 15:03, 17 April 2009
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| Species: | R. altissima
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| Roystonea altissima | |
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Palma altissima Mill. | |
Roystonea altissima is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, endemic to Jamaica, where it grows on hillsides and mountain slopes near the interior of the island. The name altissima is Latin for "highest", however they are not the tallest species in the genus Roystonea. They are usually found just over sea-level to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in elevation.
Description
Trunks of Roystonea altissima are solitary, 30 centimetres (12 in) in width and 20 m (66 ft) in height; gently tapering, the trunk shows leaf scar rings on its youngest parts. The crownshaft reaches nearly 2 m (6.6 ft), deep green in color, and slightly swollen at the base. The spherical leaf crown usually holds 15 to 20 leaves, gently recurved, to 4 m (13 ft) in length on short petioles. The 70 cm (28 in) leaflets and closely-spaced along the rachis, slightly angled, creating a mildly plumose leaf. Male flowers on the inflorescence are violet, fruits are an obovoid drupe, 1.25 cm (0.5 in) long, purple to black when ripe, containing a single seed.
Taxonomy
Roystonea is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae and the tribe Roystoneae.[2] The placement Roystonea within the Arecoideae is uncertain; a phylogeny based on plastid DNA failed to resolve the position of the genus within the Arecoideae.[3] As of 2008, there appear to be no molecular phylogenetic studies of Roystonea[2] and the relationship between R. altissima and the rest of the genus is uncertain.
The species was first described by [[Scottish people|Scottish] botanist Philip Miller as Palma altissima.[4] The species was largely overlooked for the next 180 years until American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey took a look at the royal palms as a whole. Apparently unaware of Miller's description, Bailey applied a new name, Roystonea jamaicana, to the species. In 1963 Harold E. Moore synonymised Bailey's species with Miller's and proposed a new combination, R. altissima.[5]
Common names
Roystonea altissima is known as the "Jamaican cabbage tree", "Jamaican royal palm" or the "mountain cabbage palm".[5]
References
- ^ "Roystonea altissima". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
- ^ a b Roncal, Julissa (2008). "Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation". The Botanical Review. 74 (1): 78–102. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - ^ Asmussen, Conny B. (2006). "A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 151 (1): 15–38. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00521.x.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - ^ Miller, Philip (1768). The Gardeners Dictionary: Containing the Best and Newest Methods of Cultivating and Improving The Kitchen, Fruit, Flower Garden, and Nursery; As also for Performing The Practical Parts of Agriculture: Including the Management of Vineyards, With The Methods of Making and Preserving Wine, According to the present Practice of The most skilful Vignerons in the several Wine Countries in Europe. Together With Directions for Propagating and Improving, From Real Practice and Experience, All Sorts of Timber Trees (Eighth Edition ed.). London: Printed for the Author.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b Zona, Scott (1996). "Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae)". Flora Neotropica. 71: 1–35.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help)
Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN-10: 0881925586 / ISBN-13: 978-0881925586 (Page 441-442)
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