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''Intermittent Hypoxic Training (or Therapy) (IHT)'' is a non-invasive, drug-free technique aiming to improve human performance and
{{Refimprove|date=June 2009}}''Intermittent Hypoxic Training (or Therapy) (IHT)'' is a non-invasive, drug-free technique aiming to improve human performance and well-being using the phenomena of adaptation to reduced oxygen.
well-being using the phenomena of adaptation to reduced oxygen.

An IHT session constitutes a few minutes interval of breathing low oxygen (hypoxic) air alternated with an ambient or hyperoxic air over a 45-
to 90-minute session per day. A full treatment course is 3–4 weeks. As a rule, the patient remains stationary and breathes hypoxic air via a
hand-held mask. Therapy is delivered using a [[hypoxicator]] during the day time, while the dosage is monitored. Biofeedback can be
controlled using a [[pulse oximeter]].



An IHT session constitutes a few minutes interval of breathing low oxygen (hypoxic) air alternated with an ambient or hyperoxic air over a 45- to 90-minute session per day. A full treatment course is 3–4 weeks. As a rule, the patient remains stationary and breathes hypoxic air via a hand-held mask. Therapy is delivered using a [[hypoxicator]] during the day time, while the dosage is monitored. Biofeedback can be controlled using a [[pulse oximeter]].


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It is important to differentiate between physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia / re-oxygenation episodes (i.e. IHT protocol) and frequent nocturnal suffocation awakenings produced by sleep apnoea, which might result in various pathologies.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Serebrovskaya TV, Manukhina EB, Smith ML, Downey HF, Mallet RT |title=Intermittent hypoxia: cause of or therapy for systemic hypertension? |journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine |volume=233 |issue=6 |pages=627–50 |year=2008 |month=June |pmid=18408145 |doi=10.3181/0710-MR-267}}</ref>


The phenomenon of IHT is that it delivers a non-damaging training stimulus that naturally triggers a cascade of beneficial adaptive responses without adverse effects. The response is almost instant<ref>{{cite journal |author=Huang LE, Gu J, Schau M, Bunn HF |title=Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is mediated by an O2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=14 |pages=7987–92 |year=1998 |month=July |pmid=9653127 |pmc=20916 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9653127}}</ref> and is evident at various levels, from systemic down to cellular.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT |title=Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia |journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.) |volume=231 |issue=4 |pages=343–65 |year=2006 |month=April |pmid=16565431 |url=http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16565431}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU |title=Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=39 |issue=9 |pages=1600–9 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17805094 |doi=10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de49d3}}</ref>


Treatment dosage of IHT can be measured and expressed as [[Hypoxic Training Index]].
It is important to differentiate between physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia / re-oxygenation episodes (i.e. IHT protocol) and frequent
nocturnal suffocation awakenings produced by sleep apnoea, which might result in various pathologies. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408145?ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum | title=Intermittent hypoxia: cause of or therapy for systemic hypertension? | author=Serebrovskaya TV, Manukhina EB, Smith ML, Downey HF, Mallet RT | work=Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Jun;233(6):627-50. Epub 2008 Apr 11. Review.}}</ref>

The phenomenon of IHT is that it delivers a non-damaging training stimulus that naturally triggers a cascade of beneficial adaptive responses
without adverse effects. The response is almost instant <ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9653127?ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is mediated by an O2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Huang LE, Gu J, Schau M, Bunn HF.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jul 7;95(14):7987-92.
</ref> and is evident at various levels: from systemic down to cellular.
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16565431?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Apr;231(4):343-65.
Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT.
</ref>
<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805094?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure.
Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Sep;39(9):1600-9. </ref>
<br>
Treatment dosage of IHT can be measured and expressed as [[Hypoxic Training Index]]. <br>
IHT can be beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of degenerative diseases:
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12162864?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Intermittent hypoxia research in the former Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States: History and review of the concept and
selected applications.
Serebrovskaya TV.
High Alt Med Biol. 2002 Summer;3(2):205-21. Review. </ref>
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396881?ordinalpos=4&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on blood lipid concentrations in male coronary heart disease patients.
Tin'kov AN, Aksenov VA.
High Alt Med Biol. 2002 Fall;3(3):277-82.</ref>
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18709460?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br> The possible use of hypoxic preconditioning for the prophylaxis of post-stress depressive episodes.
Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO, Mironova VI, Tyul'kova EI, Pivina SG, Vataeva LA, Ordyan NE, Abritalin EY, Kolchev AI.
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2008 Sep;38(7):721-6.</ref>
<br>
• chronic heart and lung diseases<br>
• hypertension<br>
• asthma and chronic bronchitis<br>
• liver and Pancreatic diseases<br>
• anxiety and depression <br>
• iron-deficiency anaemia <br>
• lack of energy and fatigue.<br>


IHT can be beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of degenerative diseases:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Serebrovskaya TV |title=Intermittent hypoxia research in the former soviet union and the commonwealth of independent States: history and review of the concept and selected applications |journal=High Altitude Medicine & Biology |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=205–21 |year=2002 |pmid=12162864 |doi=10.1089/15270290260131939}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Tin'kov AN, Aksenov VA |title=Effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on blood lipid concentrations in male coronary heart disease patients |journal=High Altitude Medicine & Biology |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=277–82 |year=2002 |pmid=12396881 |doi=10.1089/152702902320604250}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO, Mironova VI, ''et al.'' |title=The possible use of hypoxic preconditioning for the prophylaxis of post-stress depressive episodes |journal=Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=721–6 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18709460 |doi=10.1007/s11055-008-9038-x}}</ref>
IHT also improves mitochondrial status,
*chronic heart and lung diseases
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Prokopov%20AF%22[Author]&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus
*hypertension
<br>
*asthma and chronic bronchitis
Theoretical paper: exploring overlooked natural mitochondria-rejuvenative intervention: the puzzle of bowhead whales and naked mole rats.
*liver and Pancreatic diseases
Prokopov AF.
*anxiety and depression
Rejuvenation Res. 2007 Dec;10(4):543-60.</ref>
*iron-deficiency anaemia
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12525860?ordinalpos=42&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
*lack of energy and fatigue
<br>
Response of skeletal muscle mitochondria to hypoxia.
Hoppeler H, Vogt M, Weibel ER, Flück M.
Exp Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(1):109-19. </ref>
aerobic and anaerobic performance.
<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365530?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological, physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport
athletes.
M.J. Hamlin and J. Hellemans. J Sports Sci. 2007 Feb 15;25(4):431-41.</ref>
<ref>
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561235?ordinalpos=5&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
<br>
Intermittent hypoxia improves endurance performance and submaximal exercise efficiency.
Katayama K, Matsuo H, Ishida K, Mori S, Miyamura M.
High Alt Med Biol. 2003 Fall;4(3):291-304.</ref>
<br>


IHT also improves mitochondrial status,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Prokopov AF |title=Theoretical paper: exploring overlooked natural mitochondria-rejuvenative intervention: the puzzle of bowhead whales and naked mole rats |journal=Rejuvenation Research |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=543–60 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=18072884 |doi=10.1089/rej.2007.0546}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Hoppeler H, Vogt M, Weibel ER, Flück M |title=Response of skeletal muscle mitochondria to hypoxia |journal=Experimental Physiology |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=109–19 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12525860 |url=http://ep.physoc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12525860}}</ref> aerobic and anaerobic performance.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hamlin MJ, Hellemans J |title=Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological, physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport athletes |journal=Journal of Sports Sciences |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=431–41 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17365530 |doi=10.1080/02640410600718129}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Katayama K, Matsuo H, Ishida K, Mori S, Miyamura M |title=Intermittent hypoxia improves endurance performance and submaximal exercise efficiency |journal=High Altitude Medicine & Biology |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=291–304 |year=2003 |pmid=14561235 |doi=10.1089/152702903769192250}}</ref>
'''IHT is contra-indicated in case of:'''


IHT is contra-indicated in case of:{{fact}}
• acute somatic and viral diseases<br>
*acute somatic and viral diseases
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-II and COPD-III)<br>
*chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-II and COPD-III)
• chronic diseases with symptoms of decompensation or terminal illness<br>
*chronic diseases with symptoms of decompensation or terminal illness
• individual intolerance of oxygen insufficiency<br>
*individual intolerance of oxygen insufficiency
• cancer, unless IHT is prescribed by a doctor<br>
• people with epilepsy, pacemakers or heart arrhythmias, unless treatment (including IHT) is under direct medical supervision.<br>
*cancer, unless IHT is prescribed by a doctor
*people with epilepsy, pacemakers or heart arrhythmias, unless treatment (including IHT) is under direct medical supervision.


Although there are no reported adverse effects with IHT, basic treatment protocol suggested by the manufacturer must be followed.<br>
Although there are no reported adverse effects with IHT, basic treatment protocol suggested by the manufacturer must be followed.{{fact}}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{cleanup-link rot}}
* '''Watch Videos about IHT'''
;Videos about IHT
http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=i7oEKp2E7Uc <br>
http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=fQTepZQe9O8&feature=channel_page<br>
*http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=i7oEKp2E7Uc
*http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=fQTepZQe9O8&feature=channel_page




Revision as of 09:02, 24 June 2009

Intermittent Hypoxic Training (or Therapy) (IHT) is a non-invasive, drug-free technique aiming to improve human performance and well-being using the phenomena of adaptation to reduced oxygen.

An IHT session constitutes a few minutes interval of breathing low oxygen (hypoxic) air alternated with an ambient or hyperoxic air over a 45- to 90-minute session per day. A full treatment course is 3–4 weeks. As a rule, the patient remains stationary and breathes hypoxic air via a hand-held mask. Therapy is delivered using a hypoxicator during the day time, while the dosage is monitored. Biofeedback can be controlled using a pulse oximeter.

It is important to differentiate between physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia / re-oxygenation episodes (i.e. IHT protocol) and frequent nocturnal suffocation awakenings produced by sleep apnoea, which might result in various pathologies.[1]

The phenomenon of IHT is that it delivers a non-damaging training stimulus that naturally triggers a cascade of beneficial adaptive responses without adverse effects. The response is almost instant[2] and is evident at various levels, from systemic down to cellular.[3][4]

Treatment dosage of IHT can be measured and expressed as Hypoxic Training Index.

IHT can be beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of degenerative diseases:[5][6][7]

  • chronic heart and lung diseases
  • hypertension
  • asthma and chronic bronchitis
  • liver and Pancreatic diseases
  • anxiety and depression
  • iron-deficiency anaemia
  • lack of energy and fatigue

IHT also improves mitochondrial status,[8][9] aerobic and anaerobic performance.[10][11]

IHT is contra-indicated in case of:[citation needed]

  • acute somatic and viral diseases
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-II and COPD-III)
  • chronic diseases with symptoms of decompensation or terminal illness
  • individual intolerance of oxygen insufficiency
  • cancer, unless IHT is prescribed by a doctor
  • people with epilepsy, pacemakers or heart arrhythmias, unless treatment (including IHT) is under direct medical supervision.

Although there are no reported adverse effects with IHT, basic treatment protocol suggested by the manufacturer must be followed.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Serebrovskaya TV, Manukhina EB, Smith ML, Downey HF, Mallet RT (2008). "Intermittent hypoxia: cause of or therapy for systemic hypertension?". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 233 (6): 627–50. doi:10.3181/0710-MR-267. PMID 18408145. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Huang LE, Gu J, Schau M, Bunn HF (1998). "Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is mediated by an O2-dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (14): 7987–92. PMC 20916. PMID 9653127. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT (2006). "Role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia". Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.). 231 (4): 343–65. PMID 16565431. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU (2007). "Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39 (9): 1600–9. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de49d3. PMID 17805094. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Serebrovskaya TV (2002). "Intermittent hypoxia research in the former soviet union and the commonwealth of independent States: history and review of the concept and selected applications". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 3 (2): 205–21. doi:10.1089/15270290260131939. PMID 12162864.
  6. ^ Tin'kov AN, Aksenov VA (2002). "Effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on blood lipid concentrations in male coronary heart disease patients". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 3 (3): 277–82. doi:10.1089/152702902320604250. PMID 12396881.
  7. ^ Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO, Mironova VI; et al. (2008). "The possible use of hypoxic preconditioning for the prophylaxis of post-stress depressive episodes". Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 38 (7): 721–6. doi:10.1007/s11055-008-9038-x. PMID 18709460. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Prokopov AF (2007). "Theoretical paper: exploring overlooked natural mitochondria-rejuvenative intervention: the puzzle of bowhead whales and naked mole rats". Rejuvenation Research. 10 (4): 543–60. doi:10.1089/rej.2007.0546. PMID 18072884. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Hoppeler H, Vogt M, Weibel ER, Flück M (2003). "Response of skeletal muscle mitochondria to hypoxia". Experimental Physiology. 88 (1): 109–19. PMID 12525860. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Hamlin MJ, Hellemans J (2007). "Effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposure at rest on haematological, physiological, and performance parameters in multi-sport athletes". Journal of Sports Sciences. 25 (4): 431–41. doi:10.1080/02640410600718129. PMID 17365530. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Katayama K, Matsuo H, Ishida K, Mori S, Miyamura M (2003). "Intermittent hypoxia improves endurance performance and submaximal exercise efficiency". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 4 (3): 291–304. doi:10.1089/152702903769192250. PMID 14561235.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Videos about IHT
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