Microvesicle: Difference between revisions
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'''Microvesicles''' (sometimes called [[Exosome (vesicle)| exosomes]] or microparticles) are fragments of plasma membrane ranging from |
'''Microvesicles''' (sometimes called [[Exosome (vesicle)| exosomes]] or microparticles) are fragments of plasma membrane ranging from 50 nm to 1000 nm shed from almost all cell types during activation. Microvesicles play a role in intercellular communication and can deliver mRNA, miRNA, and proteins between cells and have been implicated in the process of cancer tumor angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis along with a role in tissue regeneration.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1038/sj.leu.2404132}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0003694}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.002}}</ref> They originate directly from the plasma membrane of the cell and reflect the antigenic content of the cells which they originate from. |
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==Mechanism of shedding of MV== |
==Mechanism of shedding of MV== |
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Revision as of 04:21, 8 March 2010
Microvesicles (sometimes called exosomes or microparticles) are fragments of plasma membrane ranging from 50 nm to 1000 nm shed from almost all cell types during activation. Microvesicles play a role in intercellular communication and can deliver mRNA, miRNA, and proteins between cells and have been implicated in the process of cancer tumor angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis along with a role in tissue regeneration.[1][2][3] They originate directly from the plasma membrane of the cell and reflect the antigenic content of the cells which they originate from.
Mechanism of shedding of MV
Under physiologic condition, the plasma membrane of cells has an asymmetric distribution of their phospholipids. Aminophospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidilethanolammine, are specifically sequestered in the inner leaflet of the membrane. The transbilayer lipid distribution is under the control of 3 phospholipidic pumps: an inward-directed pump, a flippase, an outward-directed pump, or floppase and a lipid scramblase, responsible for a non specific redistribution of lipids across the membrane. After cell stimulation, including apoptosis, a subsequent cytosolic Ca2+ increase, promotes the lost of the phospholipids asymmetry of the plasma membrane, subsequent phosphatidylserine exposure and there is a transient phospholipidic imbalance between the external leaflet at the expense of the inner leaflet leading blebbing of the plasmamembrane and microvesicles release.[4]
References
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404132, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2404132instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003694, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0003694instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.002, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.002instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1152/physiol.00029.2004, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1152/physiol.00029.2004instead.
External links
- [http://www.healtoronto.com/virol230bess.pdf%7CMicrovesicles Are a Source of Contaminating Cellular Proteins
Found in Purified HIV-1 Preparations]