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{{Italic title}}
{{No footnotes|date=May 2010}}
{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Andalgalornis''
| name = ''Andalgalornis''
| image = Andalgalornis_jconway.png
| image = Andalgalornis_jconway.png
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'''''Andalgalornis steulleti''''' was a [[species]] of giant flightless [[predator]]y [[bird]]s of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Phorusrhacidae]] or "terror birds" that lived in [[Argentina]].
'''''Andalgalornis''''' was a [[genus]] of flightless [[predator]]y [[bird]]s of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Phorusrhacidae]] (often called "terror birds") that lived in [[Argentina]]. The [[type species|type]] and only [[species]] is '''''A. steulleti'''''.


[[File:Skull of Andalgalornis steulleti.png|thumb|left|[[CT scan]] of the skull of ''Andalgalornis steulleti''.]]
[[File:Skull of Andalgalornis steulleti.png|thumb|left|[[CT scan]] of the skull of ''Andalgalornis steulleti''.]]
It is known from an incomplete skeleton and some single bones found in the Late [[Miocene]] to Early [[Pliocene]] [[Andalgala Formation]] of sites in the [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] and [[Catamarca Province]]s of NE and NW Argentina.
''Andalgalornis'' is known from an incomplete skeleton and some single bones found from sites in the [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] and [[Catamarca Province]]s of northeast and northwest Argentina. The fossils were uncovered from the [[Miocene]] to Early [[Pliocene]] [[Andalgala Formation]].
(Chiquimil) Provinces.

The birds stood around one and a half meters tall. The subfamily to which the genus belonged, the Patagornithinae, contained species that were of quite slender build; it looked much like a more elegant and smaller ''[[Phorusrhacos]]'', but had a proportionally higher beak, the most massive in regards to the overall size of the bird of all phorusrhacids.



''Andalgalornis'' stood around one and a half meters tall. The subfamily to which the genus belonged, the Patagornithinae, contained species that were of quite slender build; it looked much like the larger phorusrhacid ''[[Phorusrhacos]]'', but it was more elegant and smaller and had a proportionally higher beak, the most massive in proportion to body size of of all phorusrhacids. A recent analysis of [[CT scan]]s of the skull of ''Andalgalornis'' suggests that the beak was strong dorsoventrally (in the vertical plane) but relatively weak mediolaterally on either side. The beak's weakness suggests that the bird could not have taken down large prey, but consumed smaller, more easily manageable and less risky prey. However, the beak's dorsoventral strength may have enabled ''Andalgalornis'' to quickly strike down on its prey in a repeated attack-and-retreat hunting strategy.<ref name=Detal10>{{cite journal |last=Degrange |first=F.J. |coauthors=Tambussi, C.P.; Moreno, K.; Witmer, L.M.; and Wroe, S. |year=2010 |title=[http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0011856 Mechanical analysis of feeding behavior in the extinct "terror bird" ''Andalgalornis steulleti'' (Gruiformes: Phorusrhacidae)] |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=e11856 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0011856.g001}}</ref>


==References==<!-- INSUGEOCorrelGeol14:191 -->
==References==<!-- INSUGEOCorrelGeol14:191 -->
{{reflist}}
* Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003): Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes). ''[[Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia]]'' '''43'''(4): 55-91 [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0031-10492003000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en PDF fulltext]
* Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003): Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes). ''[[Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia]]'' '''43'''(4): 55-91 [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0031-10492003000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en PDF fulltext]
* Kraglievich, Lucas (1931): Contribución al conocimiento de las aves fósiles de la época araucoentrerriana. ''Physis'' '''10''': 304-315. [Article in Spanish]
* Kraglievich, Lucas (1931): Contribución al conocimiento de las aves fósiles de la época araucoentrerriana. ''Physis'' '''10''': 304-315. [Article in Spanish]

Revision as of 23:17, 18 August 2010

Andalgalornis
Temporal range: Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Cariamae
Family:
Phorusrhacidae
Genus:
Andalgalornis

Patterson & Kraglievich, 1960
Species:
A. steulleti
Binomial name
Andalgalornis steulleti
(Kraglievich, 1931)
Synonyms
  • Phororhacos steulleti

Kraglievich, 1931

  • Phororhacos deautieri

Kraglievich, 1931

  • Andalgalornis ferox

Patterson & Kraglievich, 1960

  • Phorohacos deautieri

Kraglievich, 1931

Andalgalornis was a genus of flightless predatory birds of the family Phorusrhacidae (often called "terror birds") that lived in Argentina. The type and only species is A. steulleti.

CT scan of the skull of Andalgalornis steulleti.

Andalgalornis is known from an incomplete skeleton and some single bones found from sites in the Entre Ríos and Catamarca Provinces of northeast and northwest Argentina. The fossils were uncovered from the Miocene to Early Pliocene Andalgala Formation.

Andalgalornis stood around one and a half meters tall. The subfamily to which the genus belonged, the Patagornithinae, contained species that were of quite slender build; it looked much like the larger phorusrhacid Phorusrhacos, but it was more elegant and smaller and had a proportionally higher beak, the most massive in proportion to body size of of all phorusrhacids. A recent analysis of CT scans of the skull of Andalgalornis suggests that the beak was strong dorsoventrally (in the vertical plane) but relatively weak mediolaterally on either side. The beak's weakness suggests that the bird could not have taken down large prey, but consumed smaller, more easily manageable and less risky prey. However, the beak's dorsoventral strength may have enabled Andalgalornis to quickly strike down on its prey in a repeated attack-and-retreat hunting strategy.[1]

References

  1. ^ Degrange, F.J. (2010). "Mechanical analysis of feeding behavior in the extinct "terror bird" Andalgalornis steulleti (Gruiformes: Phorusrhacidae)". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e11856. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011856.g001. {{cite journal}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003): Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 43(4): 55-91 PDF fulltext
  • Kraglievich, Lucas (1931): Contribución al conocimiento de las aves fósiles de la época araucoentrerriana. Physis 10: 304-315. [Article in Spanish]
  • Patterson, B. & Kraglievich, Lucas (1960): Sistemática y nomenclatura de las aves fororracoideas del Plioceno Argentino. Publicacion del Museo Municipal Ciencias Naturales y Tradicionales de Mar del Plata 1: 1-51. [Article in Spanish]


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