SHIRPA: Difference between revisions
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SHIRPA is a standardized set of experimental procedures used by scientists to characterize the phenotype of genetically modified laboratory mice. The protocols are designed to test muscle function, cerebellar function, sensory function, neuropsychiatric function.[1]
It was proposed 1997 by a group of researchers from a number of British institutions and the pharmaceutical company, SmithKline Beecham (SHIRPA is an acronym of SmithKline Beecham, Harwell, Imperial College, Royal London Hospital, phenotype assessment).[2][3] There are up to 40 tests in SHIPA, across three screens of increasing complexity and specialization.[2] The first describes the behaviour of the mouse subject by observation. The second involves a more thorough behavioral assessment and includes pathological analysis. The third screening stage is focused on potential animal models of neurological disease.[3][4] The protocol has been used to test many mutant mice, including dystrophin-deficient mutants and a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.[5][6]
The first part of the SHIRPA protocol was changed to include observation about morphology and dysmorphology. This protocol became known as "modified SHIRPA", and has been used to screen for dominant phenotypes in mice. [7]
References
- ^ Hatcher JP, Jones DN, Rogers DC; et al. (2001). "Development of SHIRPA to characterise the phenotype of gene-targeted mice". Behav. Brain Res. 125 (1–2): 43–7. PMID 11682092.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Nolan PM, Peters J, Strivens M; et al. (2000). "A systematic, genome-wide, phenotype-driven mutagenesis programme for gene function studies in the mouse". Nat. Genet. 25 (4): 440–3. doi:10.1038/78140. PMID 10932191.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Rogers DC, Fisher EM, Brown SD, Peters J, Hunter AJ, Martin JE (1997). "Behavioral and functional analysis of mouse phenotype: SHIRPA, a proposed protocol for comprehensive phenotype assessment". Mamm. Genome. 8 (10): 711–3. PMID 9321461.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rogers DC, Peters J, Martin JE; et al. (2001). "SHIRPA, a protocol for behavioral assessment: validation for longitudinal study of neurological dysfunction in mice". Neurosci. Lett. 306 (1–2): 89–92. PMID 11403965.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lalonde R, Dumont M, Staufenbiel M, Strazielle C (2005). "Neurobehavioral characterization of APP23 transgenic mice with the SHIRPA primary screen". Behav. Brain Res. 157 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.06.020. PMID 15617775.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rafael JA, Nitta Y, Peters J, Davies KE (2000). "Testing of SHIRPA, a mouse phenotypic assessment protocol, on Dmd(mdx) and Dmd(mdx3cv) dystrophin-deficient mice". Mamm. Genome. 11 (9): 725–8. PMID 10967129.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Masuya H, Inoue M, Wada Y; et al. (2005). "Implementation of the modified-SHIRPA protocol for screening of dominant phenotypes in a large-scale ENU mutagenesis program". Mamm. Genome. 16 (11): 829–37. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-2430-8. PMID 16284798.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)