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Findings of independent peer reviewed studies show benefits associated with the Lovaas method.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sallows GO, Graupner TD |title=Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors |journal=Am J Ment Retard |volume=110 |issue=6 |pages=417–38 |year=2005 |pmid=16212446 |doi=10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Systematic reviews have also not found definitive evidence to support claims that the Lovaas method is superior to other active interventions.<ref>Ospina MB, Krebs Seida J, Clark B, Karkhaneh M, Hartling L, et al. 2008 Behavioural and Developmental Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3755. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003755 </ref> (Please note that the article referenced merely accuses the Lovaas study of being inferior and does not support its claims)
Findings of independent peer reviewed studies show benefits associated with the Lovaas method.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sallows GO, Graupner TD |title=Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors |journal=Am J Ment Retard |volume=110 |issue=6 |pages=417–38 |year=2005 |pmid=16212446 |doi=10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Systematic reviews have also not found definitive evidence to support claims that the Lovaas method is superior to other active interventions.<ref>Ospina MB, Krebs Seida J, Clark B, Karkhaneh M, Hartling L, et al. 2008 Behavioural and Developmental Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3755. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003755 </ref> (Please note that the article referenced merely accuses the Lovaas study of being inferior and does not support its claims)
In his original studies in the late 1950s aversives such as electric shock successfully treated approximately 50% of individuals engaging in instances of extreme self-injury whose life expectancy was reduced by secondary infection. Subsequent studies relied on [[extinction (psychology)|extinction]], in these cases, giving attention when not engaging in self-injury.
In his original studies in the late 1950s aversives such as electric shock successfully treated approximately 50% of individuals engaging in instances of extreme self-injury whose life expectancy was reduced by secondary infection. Subsequent studies relied on [[extinction (psychology)|extinction]], in these cases, giving attention when not engaging in self-injury.

==Work with George Rekers on gender-variant children==
In addition to his extensive work with autistic children, in the 1970s Lovaas co-authored four papers with [[George Alan Rekers|George Rekers]] on children with atypical gender behaviors.<ref name="behavioraltreatment">{{cite journal |last1=Rekers |first1=George A. |authorlink1=George Alan Rekers |last2=Lovaas |first2=O. Ivar |year=1974 |title=Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex-Role Behaviors in a Male Child |journal=[[Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis]] |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=173–190 |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311956/pdf/jaba00060-0003.pdf |accessdate=June 9, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rekers |first1=George A. |authorlink1=George Alan Rekers |last2=Lovaas |first2=O. Ivar |last3=Low |first3=Benson |year=1974 |month=June |title=The behavioral treatment of a “transsexual” preadolescent boy |journal=[[Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology]] |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=99–116 |doi=10.1007/BF00919093 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/rx7582l8r104r1l6/ |accessdate=June 9, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rekers |first1=George A. |authorlink1=George Alan Rekers |last2=Bentler |first2=Peter M. |last3=Rosen |first3=Alexander C. |last4=Lovaas |first4=O. Ivar |year=1977 |month=Spring |title=Child gender disturbances: A clinical rationale for intervention |journal=Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=2–11 |doi=10.1037/h0087487 |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pst/14/1/2/ |accessdate=June 9, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rekers |first1=George A. |authorlink=George Alan Rekers |last2=Rosen |first2=Alexander C. |last3=Lovaas |first3=O. Ivar |last4=Bentler |first4=Peter M. |year=1978 |month=February |title=Sex-role stereotypy and professional intervention for childhood gender disturbance |journal=Professional Psychology |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=127–136 |doi=10.1037/0735-7028.9.1.127 |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pro/9/1/127/ |accessdate=June 9, 2011 }}</ref> The subject of the first of these studies, a child of 4 years 11 months at the inception of treatment, committed suicide as an adult; his family attribute the suicide to this treatment.<ref name="behavioraltreatment" /><ref name="cnn7jun2011">{{cite news |title=Therapy to change 'feminine' boy created a troubled man, family says |first1=Scott |last1=Bronstein |first2=Jessi |last2=Joseph |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/06/07/sissy.boy.experiment/index.html |newspaper=[[CNN]] |date=June 7, 2011 |accessdate=June 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'Sissy Boy' Experiment: Why Gender-Related Cases Call for Scientists' Humility |last=Szalavitz |first=Maia |url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/08/the-sissy-boy-experiment-why-gender-related-cases-call-for-scientists-humility/ |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=8 June 2011 |accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Experts and Homosexuality: Don't Try This at Home |author=[[Warren Throckmorton]] |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/warren-throckmorton-phd/experts-and-homosexuality_b_873017.html |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |date=9 June 2011 |accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

Revision as of 00:51, 10 June 2011

O. Ivar Løvaas, Ph.D.
Born
Ole Ivar Løvaas

8 May 1927
Lier, Norway
Died2 August 2010
NationalityNorwegian
Known forLovaas technique, father of applied behavior analysis
Websitehttp://www.lovaas.com/

Ole Ivar Løvaas, Ph.D. (8 May 1927 – 2 August 2010)[1][2] was a clinical psychologist considered to be one of the fathers of applied behavior analysis therapy for autism through his development of the Lovaas technique and the first to provide evidence that the behavior of autistic children can be modified through teaching.[3][4] His method is the only modality approved by the Surgen General's Office and has over thirty years of scientific research. In recent times, people refer to his method as ABA.

Lovaas method

Findings of independent peer reviewed studies show benefits associated with the Lovaas method.[5] Systematic reviews have also not found definitive evidence to support claims that the Lovaas method is superior to other active interventions.[6] (Please note that the article referenced merely accuses the Lovaas study of being inferior and does not support its claims) In his original studies in the late 1950s aversives such as electric shock successfully treated approximately 50% of individuals engaging in instances of extreme self-injury whose life expectancy was reduced by secondary infection. Subsequent studies relied on extinction, in these cases, giving attention when not engaging in self-injury.

Work with George Rekers on gender-variant children

In addition to his extensive work with autistic children, in the 1970s Lovaas co-authored four papers with George Rekers on children with atypical gender behaviors.[7][8][9][10] The subject of the first of these studies, a child of 4 years 11 months at the inception of treatment, committed suicide as an adult; his family attribute the suicide to this treatment.[7][11][12][13]

Bibliography

  • Teaching Developmentally Disabled Children: The Me Book, 1981
  • Teaching Individuals With Developmental Delays: Basic Intervention Techniques, 2000

References

  1. ^ Autism Support Network
  2. ^ Campbell, Victoria. Pioneer in autism treatment dies,
  3. ^ Satcher, David. "Mental Health: A report of the Surgeon General". Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  4. ^ "Lovaas Revisited: Should we ever have left?", by Steve Buchman, bbbautism.com, Retrieved on 1/28/2009.
  5. ^ Sallows GO, Graupner TD (2005). "Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors". Am J Ment Retard. 110 (6): 417–38. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16212446.
  6. ^ Ospina MB, Krebs Seida J, Clark B, Karkhaneh M, Hartling L, et al. 2008 Behavioural and Developmental Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3755. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003755
  7. ^ a b Rekers, George A.; Lovaas, O. Ivar (1974). "Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex-Role Behaviors in a Male Child" (PDF). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 7 (2): 173–190. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  8. ^ Rekers, George A.; Lovaas, O. Ivar; Low, Benson (1974). "The behavioral treatment of a "transsexual" preadolescent boy". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2 (2): 99–116. doi:10.1007/BF00919093. Retrieved June 9, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Rekers, George A.; Bentler, Peter M.; Rosen, Alexander C.; Lovaas, O. Ivar (1977). "Child gender disturbances: A clinical rationale for intervention". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice. 14 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1037/h0087487. Retrieved June 9, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Rekers, George A.; Rosen, Alexander C.; Lovaas, O. Ivar; Bentler, Peter M. (1978). "Sex-role stereotypy and professional intervention for childhood gender disturbance". Professional Psychology. 9 (1): 127–136. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.9.1.127. Retrieved June 9, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Bronstein, Scott; Joseph, Jessi (June 7, 2011). "Therapy to change 'feminine' boy created a troubled man, family says". CNN. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  12. ^ Szalavitz, Maia (8 June 2011). "The 'Sissy Boy' Experiment: Why Gender-Related Cases Call for Scientists' Humility". Time. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  13. ^ Warren Throckmorton (9 June 2011). "Experts and Homosexuality: Don't Try This at Home". Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

Further reading

  • "Screams, Slaps & Love: A surprising, shocking treatment helps far-gone mental cripples". Life magazine, 1965.
  • Lovaas OI (1987). "Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children". J Consult Clin Psychol. 55 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3. PMID 3571656.

External links

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