Bradyseism: Difference between revisions
Dave souza (talk | contribs) →Phlegraean Fields: update info, ref to come |
Mikenorton (talk | contribs) add ref, remove cn tag |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
In particular, the town of [[Pozzuoli]] features the Roman [[Macellum of Pozzuoli]] in which three marble columns show bands of boreholes or ''[[Gastrochaenolites]]'' left by marine ''[[Lithophaga]]'' molluscs. These occur up to 7 metres up the columns, showing how bradyseism in the area lowered the land to at least this depth under the sea and subsequently raised it again.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} |
In particular, the town of [[Pozzuoli]] features the Roman [[Macellum of Pozzuoli]] in which three marble columns show bands of boreholes or ''[[Gastrochaenolites]]'' left by marine ''[[Lithophaga]]'' molluscs. These occur up to 7 metres up the columns, showing how bradyseism in the area lowered the land to at least this depth under the sea and subsequently raised it again.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} |
||
More recently, between 1968 and 1972, the town suffered an episode of positive bradyseism and rose by 1.7 metres. Another rise of 1.8 metres occurred between 1982 and 1984. This correlated with a shallow (4 km deep) earthquake |
More recently, between 1968 and 1972, the town suffered an episode of positive bradyseism and rose by 1.7 metres. Another rise of 1.8 metres occurred between 1982 and 1984. This correlated with a shallow (4 km deep) [[earthquake swarm]] during the same period, which led to the evacuation of 30,000 due to the perceived risk of imminent eruption.<ref name="Lima">{{cite journal|last=Lima|first=A.|coauthors=De Vivo B., Spera F.J., Bodnar R.J., Milia A., Nunziata C., Belkin H.E. & Cannatelli C.|year=2009|title=Thermodynamic model for uplift and deflation episodes (bradyseism) associated with magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Campi Flegrei (Italy)|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|publisher=Elsevier|volume=97|pages=44–58|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.001|url=http://magma.geol.ucsb.edu/papers/bradyESRpaper.pdf}}</ref> |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Revision as of 20:21, 14 July 2011
 |
| This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2009) |
Bradyseism is the gradual uplift (positive bradyseism) or descent (negative bradyseism) of part of the Earth's surface caused by the filling or emptying of an underground magma chamber and/or hydrothermal activity, particularly in volcanic calderas. It can persist for millennia in between eruptions and is normally accompanied by thousands of small tremors and sometimes larger earthquakes.[citation needed]
Phlegraean Fields
The area around the Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei) caldera near Naples, which includes the dormant Solfatara volcano, is especially noted for bradyseismic uplift and subsidence. The inflation and deflation of this caldera is especially well documented due to its seaside location and a long history of habitation and construction in the area.
In particular, the town of Pozzuoli features the Roman Macellum of Pozzuoli in which three marble columns show bands of boreholes or Gastrochaenolites left by marine Lithophaga molluscs. These occur up to 7 metres up the columns, showing how bradyseism in the area lowered the land to at least this depth under the sea and subsequently raised it again.[citation needed]
More recently, between 1968 and 1972, the town suffered an episode of positive bradyseism and rose by 1.7 metres. Another rise of 1.8 metres occurred between 1982 and 1984. This correlated with a shallow (4 km deep) earthquake swarm during the same period, which led to the evacuation of 30,000 due to the perceived risk of imminent eruption.[1]
References
- ^ Lima, A. (2009). "Thermodynamic model for uplift and deflation episodes (bradyseism) associated with magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Campi Flegrei (Italy)" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 97. Elsevier: 44–58. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.001.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External links
 | This tectonics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |