L'Atalante basin: Difference between revisions
m Journal cites:, added 1 issue number, using AWB (7692) |
more accessible ref |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
The dark grey anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a {{convert|1|cm|in|1|abbr=on|lk=off}} loose black layer. Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of ''[[Bacillus]]''.<ref name = Sass/> |
The dark grey anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a {{convert|1|cm|in|1|abbr=on|lk=off}} loose black layer. Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of ''[[Bacillus]]''.<ref name = Sass/> |
||
In 2010, three [[metazoan]] species, all in the [[Loricifera]] phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.<ref name = Fang>{{cite news |title=Animals thrive without oxygen at sea bottom |first=Janet |last=Fang |newspaper=NatureNews |date=6 April 2010 |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100406/full/464825b.html }}</ref> |
In 2010, three [[metazoan]] species, all in the [[Loricifera]] phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.<ref name = Fang>{{cite news |title=Animals thrive without oxygen at sea bottom |first=Janet |last=Fang |newspaper=NatureNews |date=6 April 2010 |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100406/full/464825b.html }}</ref><ref name="pmid20370908">{{cite journal |author=Danovaro R, Dell'anno A, Pusceddu A, Gambi C, Heiner I, Kristensen RM |title=The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions |journal=BMC Biology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30 |year=2010 |month=April |pmid=20370908 |pmc=2907586 |doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-30 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/30}}</ref> |
||
{{coord|35.18|N|21.41|E|display=title}} |
{{coord|35.18|N|21.41|E|display=title}} |
||
Revision as of 13:04, 17 July 2011
L'Atalante basin is a hypersaline brine lake at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea about 192 kilometres (119 mi) west of the island of Crete.[1] It is named for one of the oceanographic research vessels involved in its discovery in 1993.[2] L'Atalante and its neighbors the Urania and Discovery deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are at most 35,000 years old, and were formed by Messinian evaporite salt deposits dissolving out of the Mediterranean Ridge and collecting in abyssal depressions about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) deep.[3] L'Atalante is the smallest of the three; its surface begins at about 3,500 m (11,500 ft) below sea level.[4]
L'Atalante's salinity, near saturation at 365 g⁄L (about 8 times ordinary seawater), prevents mixing with the oxygenated waters above, so it is completely anoxic.[4] The approximately 1.5-metre (5-foot) halocline between the seawater above and brine below teems with bacterial and archaeal cells: they are chemoautotrophs, which feed on ammonia from the brine but cannot function without some oxygen. Members of archaeal anaerobic methane oxidizers group 1 (ANME-1) and haloarchaea are found only in the halocline. No groups manage to prosper above, within and below the halocline.[4] In the brine, the abundance of cells is much lower; extremophiles predominate, including members of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeota (DHVEs), Methanohalophilus and Proteobacteria.[4] Eukaryotes are also found in l'Atalante, including ciliates (45%), dinoflagellates (21%) and choanoflagellates (10%).[5]
The dark grey anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a 1 cm (0.4 in) loose black layer. Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of Bacillus.[1]
In 2010, three metazoan species, all in the Loricifera phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.[6][7]
35°11′N 21°25′E / 35.18°N 21.41°E
References
- ^ a b Sass, Andrea M; McKew, Boyd A; Sass, Henrik; Fichte, Jörg; Timmis, Kenneth N; McGenity, Terry J (2008). "Diversity of Bacillus-like organisms isolated from deep-sea hypersaline anoxic sediments". Saline Systems. 4 (8). BioMed Central. doi:10.1186/1746-1448-4-8.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Aloisi, Giovanni; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria Bianca. "Sediment injection in the pit of the Urania Anoxic brine lake (Eastern Mediterranean)". Rendiconti Lincei. 17 (3). Springer Milan: 243–262. doi:10.1007/BF02904765.
- ^ Fusi, Nicoetta; de Larderel, Giovanni Aloisi; Borelu, Ada; Amelio, Ottavio; Castradori, Davide; Negri, Alessandra; Rimoldi, Bianca; Sanvoisin, Rossella; Tarbini, Paola; Cita, Maria B (1996). "Marine geology of the Medriff Corridor, Mediterranean Ridge". The Island Arc. 5 (4). The Geological Society of Japan: 420–439. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1738.1996.tb00163.x.
- ^ a b c d Yakimov, Michail M; La Cono, Violetta; Denaro, Renata; D'Auria, Giuseppe; Decembrini, Franco; Timmis, Kenneth N.; Golyshin, Peter N.; Giuliano, Laura (2007). "Primary producing prokaryotic communities of brine, interface and seawater above the halocline of deep anoxic lake L'Atalante, Eastern Mediterranean Sea". The ISME Journal. 1 (8). Nature Publishing Group: 743–755. doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.83.
- ^ Alexander, Eva; Stock, Alexandra; Breiner, Hans-Werner; Behnke, Anke; Bunge, John; Yakimov, Michail M.; Stoeck, Thorsten (2009). "Microbial eukaryotes in the hypersaline anoxic L'Atalante deep-sea basin". 11 (2). Society for Applied Microbiology: 360–381. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01777.x.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Fang, Janet (6 April 2010). "Animals thrive without oxygen at sea bottom". NatureNews.
- ^ Danovaro R, Dell'anno A, Pusceddu A, Gambi C, Heiner I, Kristensen RM (2010). "The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions". BMC Biology. 8 (1): 30. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-30. PMC 2907586. PMID 20370908.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)