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{{italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{italictitle}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Portia africana''
| name = ''Portia africana''
| image =
| image =
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| subregnum = [[Eumetazoa]]
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Arachnid]]a
| subphylum = [[Chelicerata]]
| ordo = [[Spider|Araneae]]
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Araneae]]
| infraordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| zoosectio = [[Dionycha]]
| superfamilia = [[Salticoidea]]
| familia = [[Salticidae]]
| familia = [[Salticidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Spartaeinae]]
| genus = ''[[Portia (spider)|Portia]]''
| genus = ''[[Portia (spider)|Portia]]''
| species = '''''P. africana'''''
| species = '''''P. africana'''''
| binomial = ''Portia africana''
| binomial = ''Portia africana''
| binomial_authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], [[1885]]
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Ludwig Doleschall|Doleschall]], 1859)
| synonyms =
*

| synonyms_ref = {{r|Wanless1978RevPortia|page1=99–100}}
}}
}}


== References ==
'''''Portia africana''''' is a species of jumping spider of the genus ''[[Portia (spider)|Portia]]'' native to [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]].
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<ref name=Forster1977SaltHunting>{{cite journal | last=Forster | first=Lyndsay M.
| title=A qualitative analysis of hunting behaviour in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
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<ref name=ForsterMurphy1986SchulEcoBeh>{{cite journal | last=Forster | first=Lyn M.
| coauthors=Frances M. Murphy
| title=Ecology and behaviour in ''Portia schultzii'', with notes on related species (Araneae, Salticidae)
| journal=The Journal of Arachnology | year=1986 | volume=14 | pages=29–42
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<!-- <ref name=HarlandEtc1999VisDist>{{cite journal | last=Harland | first=Duane P.
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson, Aynsley M. Macnab
| title=Distances at which jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) distinguish between prey and conspecific rivals
| journal=Journal of Zoology | year=1999 | month=March | volume=247 | issue=3
| pages=357–364 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00998.x
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<ref name="HarlandJackson2000Cats">{{Cite journal | author=Harland, D.P., and Jackson, R.R.
| year=2000
| title="Eight-legged cats" and how they see - a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
| journal=Cimbebasia | volume=16 | pages=231–240
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<ref name=HarlandJackson2000Cues>{{cite journal | last=Harland| first=D.P.| coauthors=R.R. Jackson
| title=Cues by which ''Portia fimbriata'', an araneophagic jumping spider, distinguishes jumping-spider prey from other prey
| journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology| year=2000 | month=November | volume=203 | pages=3485–3494
| url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/203/22/3485.full.pdf+html | accessdate=4 May 2011
| publisher=Company of Biologists | pmid=11044386 | issue=Pt 22}}</ref>
<ref name=HarlandJackson2004Umwelt>{{cite book | last=Harland | first=Duane P.
| title=Complex worlds from simpler nervous systems | year=2004 | publisher=MIT Press
|isbn=9780262661744 | pages=5–40
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=uW9cOblnpEoC&pg=PA380&dq=%22jumping+spider%22+salticidae#v=onepage&q=%22jumping%20spider%22%20salticidae&f=false
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson | editor=Frederick R. Prete |accessdate=12 April 2011
| chapter=''Portia'' Perceptions: The ''Umwelt'' of an Aranephagic Jumping Spider}}</ref>
<ref name=Hill2010Loc>{{cite journal | last=Hill | first=David Edwin
| title=Use of location (relative direction and distance) information by jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, ''Phidippus'') during movement toward prey and other sighted objectives
| journal=Peckhamia | year=2010 | month=October | volume=83 | issue=1 | pages=1–103
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|title=The private life of spiders | year=2007 | publisher=New Holland Publishers
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<ref name=HoeflerEtc2006Biocontrol>{{cite journal | last=Hoefler | first=Chad D.
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| title=Latin American insects and entomology | year=1993 | publisher=University of California Press
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<ref name=Jackson1986VersEvol>{{cite book | last=Jackson | first=Robert R.
| title=Spiders - webs, behavior, and evolution | year=1986
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|url=http://books.google.com/?id=rc6Vz-cWickC&pg=PA232&dq=%22portia+fimbriata%22+%22northern+territory%22#v=onepage&q=%22portia%20fimbriata%22%20%22northern%20territory%22&f=false
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<ref name=JacksonBlest1982Dist>{{cite journal | last=Jackson| first=R.R.| coauthors=A.D. Blest
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| coauthors=Simon D. Pollard, Ximena J. Nelson, G. B. Edwards, Alberto T. Barrion
| title=Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar
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<ref name=JacksonEtc2006ConfineProb>{{cite journal | last=Jackson | first=Robert R.
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| journal=International Journal of Comparative Psychology | year=2006 | volume=19 | pages=282–296
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<ref name=JacksonHallas1986Comp>{{cite journal | last=Jackson | first=Robert R.
| coauthors=Susan E. A. Hallas | title=Comparative biology of jumping spiders ''Portia africana'', ''P. albimana'', ''P. fimbriata'', ''P. labiata'' and ''P. schultzi'', areanophagic, web-building jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) utilisation of webs, predatory versatility, and intraspecfic interactions
| journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology | year=1986 | volume=13 | pages=423–489
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<ref name=JacksonHallas1986SpartVersa>{{cite journal | last=Jackson | first=Robert R.
| coauthors=Susan E.A. Hallas
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| journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology | year=1986 | volume=13 | pages=491–520
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=J2bPJBvXq-kC&pg=PA519&dq=%22jumping+spider%22+Salticidae#v=onepage&q=%22jumping%20spider%22%20Salticidae&f=false
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| title=The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids | year=1997
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| accessdate=6 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name=JarmanJackson1986Taieria>{{cite journal | last=Jarman | first=Elizabeth A.R.
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson
| title=The biology of ''Taieria erebus'' (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), an araneophagic spider from New New Zealand: silk utilisation and predatory versatility
| journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology | year=1986 | volume=13 | pages=521–540
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=J2bPJBvXq-kC&pg=PA519&dq=%22jumping+spider%22+Salticidae#v=onepage&q=%22jumping%20spider%22%20Salticidae&f=false
| accessdate=1 April 2011 | issn=0301-4223}}</ref>
<ref name=LiEtcPreyPref>{{cite journal | last=Li | first=Daiqin
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson, Alberto Barrion
| title=Prey preferences of ''Portia labiata'', ''P. africana'', and ''P. schultzi'', araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Uganda
| journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology | year=1997 | volume=24 | issue=4 | pages=333–349
| doi=10.1080/03014223.1997.9518129
| url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a920521932 | accessdate=21 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name=MaddisonEtc2008SaltPhylRev>{{cite journal | last=Maddison | first=Wayne P.
| coauthors=Melissa R. Bodner, Karen M. Needham
| title=Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)
| journal=Zootaxa | year=2008 | volume=1893 | pages=49–64
| url=http://salticidae.org/wpm/wayne/reprints/2008MaddisonBodnerNeedhamAstioda.pdf
| accessdate=14 June 2011 | publisher=Magnolia Press | issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
<ref name=MeehanEtc2009Bagh>{{cite journal | last=Meehan|first=Christopher J.
| coauthors=Eric J. Olson, Matthew W. Reudink, T. Kurt Kyser, Robert L. Curry
| title=Herbivory in a spider through exploitation of an ant–plant mutualism
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| accessdate=20 May 2011 | publisher=Elsevier Ltd. | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.049 | pmid=19825348}}</ref>
<ref name=MerriamWebsterDefnLollop>{{cite web
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<!-- <ref name=MichSUTheridiidae>{{cite web | title=Comb-footed spiders (Theridiidae)
| url=http://www.pestid.msu.edu/InsectsArthropods/CombfootedspidersTheridiidae/tabid/285/Default.aspx
| work=Diagnostic Services | publisher=Michigan State University | accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=NelsonJackson2011Flex>{{cite book | last=Nelson | first=Ximena J.
| title=Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility | year=2011
| publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=9780521749275 | pages=404
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=mEPKNVCdsD8C&pg=PA45&dq=%22Portia+labiata%22#v=onepage&q=%22Portia%20labiata%22&f=false
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson | editor=Marie Elisabeth Herberstein | accessdate=29 May 2011
| page=45-47 |chapter=Flexibility in the foraging strategies of spiders}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=NelsonEtc2004AntsSalt>{{cite journal | last=Nelson | first=Ximena J.
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson, Simon D. Pollard, G.B. Edwards, Alberto T. Barrion
| title=Predation by ants on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Philippines
| journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology | year=2004 | volume=31 | pages=45–56
| url=http://ximenanelson.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/4/9/4549707/nelson_et_al_2004.pdf
| accessdate=13 June 2011 | publisher=The Royal Society of New Zealand | issn=0301–4223}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=PlatnickEtcCatalPorLab>{{cite web| last=Platnick | first=Norman I.
| title=World Spider Catalog - ''Portia labiata''
| url=http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/catalog/references.php?id=35716
| publisher=The American Museum of Natural History | accessdate=21 June 2011
| coauthors=Robert Raven, Toby Schuh, Ryan Choi | year=2011}}</ref> -->
<ref name=PlatnickEtcCatalPorSchu>{{cite web| last=Platnick | first=Norman I.
| title=World Spider Catalog - ''Portia schultzi''
| url=http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/catalog/references.php?id=35719
| publisher=The American Museum of Natural History | accessdate=4 May 2011
| coauthors=Robert Raven, Toby Schuh, Ryan Choi | year=2011}}</ref>
<ref name=PlatnickEtcCatalPortia>{{cite web| last=Platnick | first=Norman I.
| title=World Spider Catalog - Genus ''Portia''
| url=http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/catalog/names.php?genus=Portia
| publisher=The American Museum of Natural History | accessdate=4 May 2011
| coauthors=Robert Raven, Toby Schuh, Ryan Choi | year=2011}}</ref>
<ref name=PlatnickEtcCatalThelStri>{{cite web| last=Platnick | first=Norman I.
| title=World Spider Catalog - ''Thelechoris striatipes''
| url=http://research.amnh.org/oonopidae/catalog/references.php?id=390
| publisher=The American Museum of Natural History | accessdate=5 June 2011
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<ref name=Piper2007Portia>{{cite book | last=Piper | first=Ross | year=2007
| title=Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
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| url=http://www.marefa.org/images/e/ea/Piper_Extraordinary_Animals-An_Encyclopedia_.pdf
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<!-- <ref name=ProszynskiDBPorLab>{{cite web | last=Proszynski | first=Jerzy
| title=Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae): ''Portia labiata'' (Thorell, 1887)
| url=http://www.gsd-salt.miiz.waw.pl/salticidae.php?adres=specimen.php?id=9101
| work=Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae)
| publisher=Museum and Institute of Zoology | accessdate=21 June 2011 | location=[[Warsaw]]}}</ref> -->
<ref name="RFB2004ArachGen">{{cite book | author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D.
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| year=2004 | pages=559–564 | chapter=Chelicerata: Arachnida}}</ref>
<ref name="RFB2004ArthroSens">{{cite book | author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D.
| title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7 | isbn=0030259827
| year=2004 | pages=532–537 | chapter=Arthropoda: Sense organs}}</ref>
<ref name="RFB2004ArthroWall">{{cite book | author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D.
| title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7 | isbn=0030259827
| year=2004 | pages=521–525 | chapter=Arthropoda: Body wall}}</ref>
<ref name=RFB2004CheliGen>{{cite book | author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S. and Barnes, R.D.
| title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7 | isbn=0030259827
| year=2004 | page=555 | chapter=Chelicerata: Form}}</ref>
<ref name=RFB2004Spiders>{{cite book | author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D.
| title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7 | isbn=0030259827
| year=2004 | pages=571–584 | chapter=Chelicerata: Araneae}}</ref>
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| title=Encyclopedia of entomology | year=2008 | publisher=Springer| isbn=9781402062421
| pages=2066–2068
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA2068&dq=%22jumping+spider%22+salticidae#v=onepage&q=%22jumping%20spider%22%20salticidae&f=false
| editor=John L. Capinera | accessdate=11 April 2011
| chapter=Jumping Spiders (Class Arachnidae, Order Araneae, Family Salticidae)}}</ref> -->
<ref name=RichmanJackson1992Etho>{{cite journal| last=Richman | first=David B. | coauthors=Robert R. Jackson
| title=A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)
| journal=Bulletin of the British Arachnology Society | year=1992 | volume=9 | issue=2
| pages=33–37
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| accessdate=12 May 2011}}</ref>
<ref name=RobertsEtc2003EarlyWolf>{{cite journal | last=Roberts|first=J. Andrew
| coauthors=Phillip W. Taylor, George W. Uetz
| title=Kinship and food availability influence cannibalism tendency in early-instar wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)
| journal=Behaviour, Ecology and Sociobiology | year=2003 | volume=54 | pages=416–422
| doi=10.1007/s00265-003-0646-8
| url=http://www1.newark.ohio-state.edu/Professional/UndergraduateResearch/Roberts/Roberts%20et%20al%20BES%202003.pdf
| accessdate=18 June 2011 | publisher=Springer-Verlag | issue=4}}</ref>
<ref name=SolomonEtc2004Biology>{{cite book | last=Solomon | first=Eldra Pearl
| title=Biology | year=2004 | publisher=Cengage Learning | isbn=9780534492762 | pages=1248
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=UCUxpgfcoNsC&pg=PA319&dq=Drosophila+%22fruit+fly%22#v=onepage&q=Drosophila%20%22fruit%20fly%22&f=false
| edition=7 | coauthors=Linda R. Berg, Diana W. Martin | accessdate=12 July 2011
| page=319 | chapter=Genes and Development}}</ref>
<ref name=Story2003Video>{{cite book | last=Story | first=Derrick
| title=Digital Video Pocket Guide | year=2003 | publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc.
| isbn=9780596005238 | pages=113
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=_0QIVL9feHwC&pg=PT103&dq=%22bright+sunlight%22+overcast+twilight+lux#v=onepage&q=%22bright%20sunlight%22%20overcast%20twilight%20lux&f=false
| page=99 | chapter=Quick Reference Tables}}</ref>
<ref name=Wanless1978RevisPortia>{{cite journal | last=Wanless | first=F.R.
| title=A revision of the spider genus ''Portia'' (Araneae: Salticidae)
| journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology | year=1978 | volume=34
| issue=3 | pages=83–124
| url=http://biostor.org/cache/pdf/60/75/0f/60750f08638e742db46401f5fff01ce4.pdf
| accessdate=14 June 2011 | publisher=British Museum | location=[[London]]}}</ref>
<ref name=WilcoxEtc1996Smokescreen>{{cite journal | last=Wilcox | first=R. Stimson
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson, Kristen Gentile
| title=Spiderweb smokescreens: spider trickster uses background noise to mask stalking movements
| journal=Animal Behaviour | year=1996 | volume=51 | pages=313–326
| url=http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/cosco/Teaching/CoscoSeminar/spring2007/articles/wilcox-1996.pdf
| accessdate=23 May 2011 | publisher=The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
| issn=0003–3472}}</ref>
<ref name=WilcoxJackson1998Cogn>{{cite book | last=Wilcox | first=R. Stimson
| title=Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field
| year=1998 | publisher=Academic Press | isbn=9780120770304
| url=http://books.google.com/?id=504iRS01AK0C&pg=PA411&dq=%22portia+fimbriata%22+%22sri+lanka%22+#v=onepage&q=%22portia%20fimbriata%22%20%22sri%20lanka%22&f=false
| coauthors=Robert R. Jackson
| editor=Russell P. Balda, [[Irene Pepperberg{{!}}Irene Maxine Pepperberg]], Alan C. Kamil
| accessdate=23 May 2011 |chapter=Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders}}</ref>
<ref name=WilcoxJackson2000Tricks>{{Cite book | author=Wilcox, S. and Jackson, R.
| chapter=Jumping Spider Tricksters | pages=27–34
| title=The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition
| editor=Bekoff, M., Allen, C., and Burghardt, G.M. | publisher=MIT Press
| year=2002 | isbn=0262523221
| url=http://colinallen.dnsalias.org/Secure/TCA/wilcox-final.pdf | accessdate=12 May 2011 }}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=ZabkaNentwig2000Kraka>{{cite journal | last=Žabka | first=Marek M.|coauthors=Wolfgang Nentwig
| title=Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Krakatau Islands (Indonesia) - a preliminary approach
| journal=Ekológia (Bratislava) | year=2000 | volume=19 | issue=suppl. 3 | pages=293–306
| url=http://www.zoology.unibe.ch/ecol/publ/PDF/zabka%20ekol.pdf|accessdate=25 May 2011}}</ref> -->


}}
==External links==
*[http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/portia/afric-ph.htm ''Portia africana'' at Salticidae: Diagnostic Drawings Library]
*[http://www.apbworks.co.nz/ft_02.htm Image of ''Portia africana'']
*[http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/photogallery/spiderpower/ National Geographic documentary]


[[Category:Salticidae]]
[[Category:Salticidae]]


{{Salticidae-stub}}

Revision as of 20:19, 23 October 2011

Portia africana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Araneae
Family:
Salticidae
Genus:
Portia
Species:
P. africana
Binomial name
Portia africana
(Doleschall, 1859)
Synonyms[1]: 99–100 

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wanless1978RevPortia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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