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'''Stefan Kopeć''' (Jan 22,1888 – † March 11, 1941<ref name="Warsaw"> M. Manowski, (Bartoszewski [Warsaw 1970] ''et al'') {{cite book | url =[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://spn-forum.org/forum2/nasz_powiat001.php&ei=9UfuTrLXA4Kl8QOPqpDxCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q7gEwAjge&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStefan%2BKopec%2Band%2Bthe%2BNazi%26start%3D30%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1W1GPCK_enGB446%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D721%26prmd%3 translate.google.co.uk] | title = ''Palmira'' | publisher = M. Manowski | accessdate = 2011-12-18}}</ref>) was a [[Poland|Polish]] [[biologist]] and pioneer of insect endocrinology, who studied at the [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]]. He received his PhD. there in 1912, and worked at [[Puławy]] Agricultural Research Station in Poland between 1915 and 1920. In 1929 he was made Director of the Institute.<ref name=ucr>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~insects/pages/history/founders.html#12 Sláma, Karel, ''Insect Endocrinology: A Tribute to Stefan Kopeć''], from ''Historical figures in Insect Physiology'', [[University of California, Riverside]], retrieved 2011-10-07. This article originally appeared on pages 11-15 of ''Insects, Chemical, physiological and evironmental aspects, Wydawnictwo Univwersytetu Wrocławskiego'', ed. By Danuta Konopińska, [[University of Wrocław]], 1995.</ref> Between 1908 and 1927, Kopec published at least 17 papers, in Polish, English and German, on insect endocrinology in various professional journals.<ref name=ucr />
'''Stefan Kopeć''' (Jan 22,1888 – † March 11, 1941<ref name="Warsaw"> M. Manowski, (Bartoszewski [Warsaw 1970] ''et al'') {{cite book | url =[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=pl&u=http://spn-forum.org/forum2/nasz_powiat001.php&ei=9UfuTrLXA4Kl8QOPqpDxCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q7gEwAjge&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStefan%2BKopec%2Band%2Bthe%2BNazi%26start%3D30%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1W1GPCK_enGB446%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D721%26prmd%3 translate.google.co.uk] | title = ''Palmira'' | publisher = M. Manowski | accessdate = 2011-12-18}}</ref>) was a [[Poland|Polish]] [[biologist]] and pioneer of insect endocrinology, who studied at the [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]]. He received his PhD. there in 1912, and worked at [[Puławy]] Agricultural Research Station in Poland between 1915 and 1920. In 1929 he was made Director of the Institute.<ref name=ucr>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~insects/pages/history/founders.html#12 Sláma, Karel, ''Insect Endocrinology: A Tribute to Stefan Kopeć''], from ''Historical figures in Insect Physiology'', [[University of California, Riverside]], retrieved 2011-10-07. This article originally appeared on pages 11-15 of ''Insects, Chemical, physiological and evironmental aspects, Wydawnictwo Univwersytetu Wrocławskiego'', ed. By Danuta Konopińska, [[University of Wrocław]], 1995.</ref> Between 1908 and 1927, Kopec published at least 17 papers, in Polish, English and German, on insect endocrinology in various professional journals.<ref name=ucr />
==Biography==
==Biography==
Kopeć began his studies of the [[moulting]] of insects with ''[[Gypsy moth | Lymantria Dispar]]'' <ref> Albert Rosenfeld [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cz8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=stefan+kopec+Insect+science&source=bl&ots=gNIEyhWYLd&sig=JHpXYI_oyGhwiEJMG9Eeq6Na8zY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qSvuTr-UEoLb8gOvpoylCg&sqi=2&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=stefan%20kopec%20Insect%20science&f=false books.google.co.uk] LIFE 6 Oct 1958 (magazine) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref> from specimens caught in the wild.<ref> Susan E Fahrbach, Karen A Mesce [http://www.mendeley.com/research/neuroethoendocrinology-integration-of-field-and-laboratory-studies-in-insect-neuroendocrinology/# mendeley.com website] ''“Neuroethoendocrinology”: integration of field and laboratory studies in insect neuroendocrinology.'' Hormones and Behavior (2005) Volume: 48, Issue: 4, Pages: 352-359 [Retrieved 2011-12-19]</ref> His subsequent scientific activities helped determine the role of the insect brain in hormone production. He was the earliest researcher to understand the importance of the insect brain, as is demonstrated by his statement in a 1917 paper:
Kopeć began his studies of the [[moulting]] of insects with ''[[Gypsy moth | Lymantria Dispar]]'' <ref> Albert Rosenfeld [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cz8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=stefan+kopec+Insect+science&source=bl&ots=gNIEyhWYLd&sig=JHpXYI_oyGhwiEJMG9Eeq6Na8zY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qSvuTr-UEoLb8gOvpoylCg&sqi=2&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=stefan%20kopec%20Insect%20science&f=false books.google.co.uk] LIFE 6 Oct 1958 (magazine) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref> from specimens caught in the wild.<ref> Susan E Fahrbach, Karen A Mesce [http://www.mendeley.com/research/neuroethoendocrinology-integration-of-field-and-laboratory-studies-in-insect-neuroendocrinology/# mendeley.com website] ''"Neuroethoendocrinology": integration of field and laboratory studies in insect neuroendocrinology.'' Hormones and Behavior (2005) Volume: 48, Issue: 4, Pages: 352-359 [Retrieved 2011-12-19]</ref> His subsequent scientific activities helped determine the role of the insect brain in hormone production. He was the earliest researcher to understand the importance of the insect brain, as is demonstrated by his statement in a 1917 paper:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
{{cquote|For the normal process of metamorphosis the presence of the brain, at least up to a certain moment, is indispensable...<ref name=ucr />}}
{{cquote|For the normal process of metamorphosis the presence of the brain, at least up to a certain moment, is indispensable...<ref name=ucr />}}
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


Kopec's most significant contribution was his study of [[Neurosecretion|neurosecretory]] cells in the brains of insects which secrete a crucial [[growth hormone]], [[prothoracicotropic hormone]] (PTTH), which regulates the process of metamorphosis (''ecdysteroidogenesis'').<ref name=bb>Kopeć, S. 1922. Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis. Biol. Bull. 36: 459-466.</ref><ref>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~insects/pages/history/founders.html#12 faculty.ucr.edu] Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40: 93-96 (1996), ©UBC Press ''On the hormonal control of insect metamorphosis. A historical review'' Peter Karlson Marburg, Germany [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref><ref> Elisabeth Marchala, Hans Peter Vandersmissena, Liesbeth Badiscoa, Sandrien Van de Veldeb, Heleen Verlindena, Masatoshi Igab, Pieter Van Wielendaelea, Roger Huybrechtsa, Gert Simonet, Guy Smagghe, Jozef Vanden Broeck [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196978109003532 sciencedirect.com 2011 - Copyright Clearance Center, Inc] Control of ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of insects: A review (March 2010) Peptides Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.08.020 [[]</ref>
Kopec's most significant contribution was his study of [[Neurosecretion|neurosecretory]] cells in the brains of insects which secrete a crucial [[growth hormone]], [[prothoracicotropic hormone]] (PTTH), which regulates the process of metamorphosis (''ecdysteroidogenesis'').<ref name=bb>Kopeć, S. 1922. Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis. Biol. Bull. 36: 459-466.</ref><ref>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~insects/pages/history/founders.html#12 faculty.ucr.edu] Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40: 93-96 (1996), ©UBC Press ''On the hormonal control of insect metamorphosis. A historical review'' Peter Karlson Marburg, Germany [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref><ref> Elisabeth Marchala, Hans Peter Vandersmissena, Liesbeth Badiscoa, Sandrien Van de Veldeb, Heleen Verlindena, Masatoshi Igab, Pieter Van Wielendaelea, Roger Huybrechtsa, Gert Simonet, Guy Smagghe, Jozef Vanden Broeck [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196978109003532 sciencedirect.com 2011 - Copyright Clearance Center, Inc] Control of ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of insects: A review (March 2010) Peptides Elsevier {{doi|10.1016/j.peptides.2009.08.020}} [[]</ref>
He observed that nervous tissue could behave like an endocrine gland. This discovery stimulated further scientific research leading to the establishment of the field of science known as [[neuroendocrinology]].<ref> Gerald Litwack [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=stxju61WSkcC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=ecdysteroidogenesis+insects+Kopec&source=bl&ots=MXtcrrkstP&sig=tMjHsSnC3v0cBo_reOv9hxyNgJg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qk_uTpSeIIjU8QO7lJjoCQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=ecdysteroidogenesis%20insects%20Kopec&f=false books.google.co.uk] ''Insect Hormones'' Volume 73 of Vitamins and hormones ''Gulf Professional Publishing'', 5 Dec 2005 ISBN 0127098739 304 pages</ref><ref> John L. Capinera [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA3055&lpg=PA3055&dq=stefan+kopec+insect&source=bl&ots=VWAnOxiMUX&sig=6uYm21-r18-I5sipDTR2xznQeR8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lRzvTvvzMsWQ8QPo9_XwCQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=stefan%20kopec%20insect&f=false books.google.co.uk (Google eBook) ] Encyclopedia of entomology: A - E., Volume 1 (815 pages) Springer, 2006 ISBN 1402062427[Retrieved 2011-12-19]</ref>
He observed that nervous tissue could behave like an endocrine gland. This discovery stimulated further scientific research leading to the establishment of the field of science known as [[neuroendocrinology]].<ref> Gerald Litwack [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=stxju61WSkcC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=ecdysteroidogenesis+insects+Kopec&source=bl&ots=MXtcrrkstP&sig=tMjHsSnC3v0cBo_reOv9hxyNgJg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qk_uTpSeIIjU8QO7lJjoCQ&sqi=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=ecdysteroidogenesis%20insects%20Kopec&f=false books.google.co.uk] ''Insect Hormones'' Volume 73 of Vitamins and hormones ''Gulf Professional Publishing'', 5 Dec 2005 ISBN 0127098739 304 pages</ref><ref> John L. Capinera [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA3055&lpg=PA3055&dq=stefan+kopec+insect&source=bl&ots=VWAnOxiMUX&sig=6uYm21-r18-I5sipDTR2xznQeR8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lRzvTvvzMsWQ8QPo9_XwCQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=stefan%20kopec%20insect&f=false books.google.co.uk (Google eBook) ] Encyclopedia of entomology: A - E., Volume 1 (815 pages) Springer, 2006 ISBN 1402062427[Retrieved 2011-12-19]</ref>
Kopec's work was cut short due to his arrest by the [[Gestapo]] in 1940 together with his daughter Maria and son Stanislaw in an action against the [[Polish Underground State|Polish underground]] university. He was imprisoned at the [[Pawiak]] Prison in [[Warsaw]] and executed by the Germans in 1941 at [[Palmiry]],<ref name="Warsaw"/> near Warsaw, together with his son as a reprisal against an action of the Polish underground army, as a part of the [[German AB-Aktion in Poland]].
Kopec's work was cut short due to his arrest by the [[Gestapo]] in 1940 together with his daughter Maria and son Stanislaw in an action against the [[Polish Underground State|Polish underground]] university. He was imprisoned at the [[Pawiak]] Prison in [[Warsaw]] and executed by the Germans in 1941 at [[Palmiry]],<ref name="Warsaw"/> near Warsaw, together with his son as a reprisal against an action of the Polish underground army, as a part of the [[German AB-Aktion in Poland]].
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*''Mutual relationship in the development of the brain and eyes of Lepidoptera'', in ''The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Volume 36'', by Ross Granville Harrison, William Keith Brooks, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, American Society of Zoologists, November 1922: [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8fwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA459&lpg=PA459&dq=%22Stefan+Kopec%22&source=bl&ots=9Eq6zpYIX5&sig=yUuT1uPUzvI1NbFduHeodzSh-3w&hl=en&ei=SxuPTp_vKLHfsQKL_dyQAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA pp. 459-465], retrieved 2011-10-07.
*''Mutual relationship in the development of the brain and eyes of Lepidoptera'', in ''The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Volume 36'', by Ross Granville Harrison, William Keith Brooks, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, American Society of Zoologists, November 1922: [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8fwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA459&lpg=PA459&dq=%22Stefan+Kopec%22&source=bl&ots=9Eq6zpYIX5&sig=yUuT1uPUzvI1NbFduHeodzSh-3w&hl=en&ei=SxuPTp_vKLHfsQKL_dyQAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA pp. 459-465], retrieved 2011-10-07.
* ''On the Influence of Intermittent Starvation on the Longevity of the Imaginal Stage of Drosophiia Melanogaster'', in ''The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 5'', March 1928: [http://jeb.biologists.org/content/5/3/204.full.pdf+html pp 204-211]. retrieved 2011-10-07.<ref>( and : [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1536517 JTOR]</ref>
* ''On the Influence of Intermittent Starvation on the Longevity of the Imaginal Stage of Drosophiia Melanogaster'', in ''The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 5'', March 1928: [http://jeb.biologists.org/content/5/3/204.full.pdf+html pp 204-211]. retrieved 2011-10-07.<ref>( and : [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1536517 JTOR]</ref>
* ''The influence of the nervous system on the development and regeneration of muscles and integument in insects'' (1923)] DOI: 10.1002/jez.1400370103<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.1400370103/abstract John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1999–2011] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''The influence of the nervous system on the development and regeneration of muscles and integument in insects'' (1923)] {{doi|10.1002/jez.1400370103}}<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.1400370103/abstract John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1999–2011] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis''<ref> <small>GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND</small> [http://www.biolbull.org/content/42/6/323.full.pdf biolbull.org] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis''<ref> <small>GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND</small> [http://www.biolbull.org/content/42/6/323.full.pdf biolbull.org] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''On the offspring of rabbit-does mated with two sires simultaneously'' (Jan 1, 1923) <small>GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND</small> <small>[DOI: 10.1007/BF02983070]</small><ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/70ph2h36l23l2xp3/ springerlink.com/ / Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.(2011)] Publication:Journal of Genetics Copyright © 1923, Indian Academy of Sciences[Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''On the offspring of rabbit-does mated with two sires simultaneously'' (Jan 1, 1923) <small>GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND</small> <small> {{doi|10.1007/BF02983070}}</small><ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/70ph2h36l23l2xp3/ springerlink.com/ / Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.(2011)] Publication:Journal of Genetics Copyright © 1923, Indian Academy of Sciences[Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''Physiological self-differentiation of the wing-germs grafted on caterpillars of the opposite sex'' Paper from the Embryologico-Biological Laboratory, Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland, presented in the Acad. of Sc. Cracow. (Cf. Bull. Acad. d. Sc. de Cracovie, 1917.)<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.1400360406/abstract onlinelibrary.wiley.com] DOI: 10.1002/jez.1400360406 1999– Journal of Experimental ZoologyVolume 36, Issue 4, pages 468–475, November 1922 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2011) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* ''Physiological self-differentiation of the wing-germs grafted on caterpillars of the opposite sex'' Paper from the Embryologico-Biological Laboratory, Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland, presented in the Acad. of Sc. Cracow. (Cf. Bull. Acad. d. Sc. de Cracovie, 1917.)<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.1400360406/abstract onlinelibrary.wiley.com] {{doi|10.1002/jez.1400360406}} 1999– Journal of Experimental ZoologyVolume 36, Issue 4, pages 468–475, November 1922 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2011) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* Is the Insect Metamorphosis influenced by thyroid feeding ? ''Biological Bulletin'' Vol. 50, No. 4 (Apr., 1926), pp. 339-354 (article consists of 16 pages) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1536468<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/stable/1536468 JSTOR] Biological Bulletin © 1926 Marine Biological Laboratory [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* Is the Insect Metamorphosis influenced by thyroid feeding ? ''Biological Bulletin'' Vol. 50, No. 4 (Apr., 1926), pp. 339-354 (article consists of 16 pages) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1536468<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/stable/1536468 JSTOR] Biological Bulletin © 1926 Marine Biological Laboratory [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* Experiments on the dependence of the nuptial hue on the gonads in fish ''Biologia Generalis'', 1927<ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=Stefan+Kopec&num=10&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_sdt=1&as_subj=bio&as_sdtf=&as_sdts=5&btnG=Search+Scholar&hl=en scholar.google.com] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* Experiments on the dependence of the nuptial hue on the gonads in fish ''Biologia Generalis'', 1927<ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=Stefan+Kopec&num=10&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_sdt=1&as_subj=bio&as_sdtf=&as_sdts=5&btnG=Search+Scholar&hl=en scholar.google.com] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* <small>STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF INANITION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE DURATION OF LIFE IN INSECTS</small> Biol. (''Bull. January 1, 1924 vol. 46 no. 1 1-21'')<ref>[http://www.biolbull.org/content/46/1/.full.pdf+html biolbull.org] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* <small>STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF INANITION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE DURATION OF LIFE IN INSECTS</small> Biol. (''Bull. January 1, 1924 vol. 46 no. 1 1-21'')<ref>[http://www.biolbull.org/content/46/1/.full.pdf+html biolbull.org] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* [ ''and'' [[Alan W. Greenwood]] ] ''The effect of yolk injections on the plumage of an ovariotomised brown leghron hen'' (Mar 1, 1930) ''Development Genes and Evolution'' Volume 121, Numbers 1-2, 87-95, DOI: 10.1007/BF00644945<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/m668727133826896/ (springerlink.com website) Springer Berlin / Heidelberg 1930] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
* [ ''and'' [[Alan W. Greenwood]] ] ''The effect of yolk injections on the plumage of an ovariotomised brown leghron hen'' (Mar 1, 1930) ''Development Genes and Evolution'' Volume 121, Numbers 1-2, 87-95, {{doi|10.1007/BF00644945}}<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/m668727133826896/ (springerlink.com website) Springer Berlin / Heidelberg 1930] [Retrieved 2011-12-18]</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
[[entomology]]
[[entomology]]
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
*Belgaum S. Thyagaraja, Thomas J. Kelly, Edward P. Masler, Dale B. Gelman, Robert A. Bell, Richard B. Imberski [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002219109290104L (sciencedirect.com website)] ''Kopec revisited—Neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar): Development of a larval in vivo assay for prothoracicotropic hormone'' Journal of Insect PhysiologyVolume 38, Issue 11, November 1992, Pages 925-938 doi:10.1016/0022-1910(92)90104-L
*Belgaum S. Thyagaraja, Thomas J. Kelly, Edward P. Masler, Dale B. Gelman, Robert A. Bell, Richard B. Imberski [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002219109290104L (sciencedirect.com website)] ''Kopec revisited—Neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar): Development of a larval in vivo assay for prothoracicotropic hormone'' Journal of Insect PhysiologyVolume 38, Issue 11, November 1992, Pages 925-938 {{doi|10.1016/0022-1910(92)90104-L}}
*[http://finden.nationallizenzen.de/Author/Home?author=Kope%C4%87%2C%20Stefan DFG Aktualisierungsdatum 2010-11] list of publications - Kopec et al [Retrieved 2011-2-19]
*[http://finden.nationallizenzen.de/Author/Home?author=Kope%C4%87%2C%20Stefan DFG Aktualisierungsdatum 2010-11] list of publications - Kopec et al [Retrieved 2011-2-19]


Revision as of 08:19, 11 April 2012

Stefan Kopeć (Jan 22,1888 – † March 11, 1941[1]) was a Polish biologist and pioneer of insect endocrinology, who studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. He received his PhD. there in 1912, and worked at Puławy Agricultural Research Station in Poland between 1915 and 1920. In 1929 he was made Director of the Institute.[2] Between 1908 and 1927, Kopec published at least 17 papers, in Polish, English and German, on insect endocrinology in various professional journals.[2]

Biography

Kopeć began his studies of the moulting of insects with Lymantria Dispar [3] from specimens caught in the wild.[4] His subsequent scientific activities helped determine the role of the insect brain in hormone production. He was the earliest researcher to understand the importance of the insect brain, as is demonstrated by his statement in a 1917 paper:

For the normal process of metamorphosis the presence of the brain, at least up to a certain moment, is indispensable...[2]

Kopec's most significant contribution was his study of neurosecretory cells in the brains of insects which secrete a crucial growth hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which regulates the process of metamorphosis (ecdysteroidogenesis).[5][6][7] He observed that nervous tissue could behave like an endocrine gland. This discovery stimulated further scientific research leading to the establishment of the field of science known as neuroendocrinology.[8][9] Kopec's work was cut short due to his arrest by the Gestapo in 1940 together with his daughter Maria and son Stanislaw in an action against the Polish underground university. He was imprisoned at the Pawiak Prison in Warsaw and executed by the Germans in 1941 at Palmiry,[1] near Warsaw, together with his son as a reprisal against an action of the Polish underground army, as a part of the German AB-Aktion in Poland.

The University of Wrocław named its annual International Conference on Arthropods the Stefan Kopeć Memorial Conference in Kopec's honor.[10]

Bibliography

  • Mutual relationship in the development of the brain and eyes of Lepidoptera, in The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Volume 36, by Ross Granville Harrison, William Keith Brooks, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, American Society of Zoologists, November 1922: pp. 459-465, retrieved 2011-10-07.
  • On the Influence of Intermittent Starvation on the Longevity of the Imaginal Stage of Drosophiia Melanogaster, in The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 5, March 1928: pp 204-211. retrieved 2011-10-07.[11]
  • The influence of the nervous system on the development and regeneration of muscles and integument in insects (1923)] doi:10.1002/jez.1400370103[12]
  • Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis[13]
  • On the offspring of rabbit-does mated with two sires simultaneously (Jan 1, 1923) GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND doi:10.1007/BF02983070[14]
  • Physiological self-differentiation of the wing-germs grafted on caterpillars of the opposite sex Paper from the Embryologico-Biological Laboratory, Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland, presented in the Acad. of Sc. Cracow. (Cf. Bull. Acad. d. Sc. de Cracovie, 1917.)[15]
  • Is the Insect Metamorphosis influenced by thyroid feeding ? Biological Bulletin Vol. 50, No. 4 (Apr., 1926), pp. 339-354 (article consists of 16 pages) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1536468[16]
  • Experiments on the dependence of the nuptial hue on the gonads in fish Biologia Generalis, 1927[17]
  • STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF INANITION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE DURATION OF LIFE IN INSECTS Biol. (Bull. January 1, 1924 vol. 46 no. 1 1-21)[18]
  • [ and Alan W. Greenwood ] The effect of yolk injections on the plumage of an ovariotomised brown leghron hen (Mar 1, 1930) Development Genes and Evolution Volume 121, Numbers 1-2, 87-95, doi:10.1007/BF00644945[19]

See also

entomology

References

  1. ^ a b M. Manowski, (Bartoszewski [Warsaw 1970] et al) [translate.google.co.uk Palmira]. M. Manowski. Retrieved 2011-12-18. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  2. ^ a b c Sláma, Karel, Insect Endocrinology: A Tribute to Stefan Kopeć, from Historical figures in Insect Physiology, University of California, Riverside, retrieved 2011-10-07. This article originally appeared on pages 11-15 of Insects, Chemical, physiological and evironmental aspects, Wydawnictwo Univwersytetu Wrocławskiego, ed. By Danuta Konopińska, University of Wrocław, 1995.
  3. ^ Albert Rosenfeld books.google.co.uk LIFE 6 Oct 1958 (magazine) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  4. ^ Susan E Fahrbach, Karen A Mesce mendeley.com website "Neuroethoendocrinology": integration of field and laboratory studies in insect neuroendocrinology. Hormones and Behavior (2005) Volume: 48, Issue: 4, Pages: 352-359 [Retrieved 2011-12-19]
  5. ^ Kopeć, S. 1922. Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis. Biol. Bull. 36: 459-466.
  6. ^ faculty.ucr.edu Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40: 93-96 (1996), ©UBC Press On the hormonal control of insect metamorphosis. A historical review Peter Karlson Marburg, Germany [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  7. ^ Elisabeth Marchala, Hans Peter Vandersmissena, Liesbeth Badiscoa, Sandrien Van de Veldeb, Heleen Verlindena, Masatoshi Igab, Pieter Van Wielendaelea, Roger Huybrechtsa, Gert Simonet, Guy Smagghe, Jozef Vanden Broeck sciencedirect.com 2011 - Copyright Clearance Center, Inc Control of ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of insects: A review (March 2010) Peptides Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.08.020 [[]
  8. ^ Gerald Litwack books.google.co.uk Insect Hormones Volume 73 of Vitamins and hormones Gulf Professional Publishing, 5 Dec 2005 ISBN 0127098739 304 pages
  9. ^ John L. Capinera books.google.co.uk (Google eBook) Encyclopedia of entomology: A - E., Volume 1 (815 pages) Springer, 2006 ISBN 1402062427[Retrieved 2011-12-19]
  10. ^ Welcome to VII-th International Conference
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  12. ^ John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1999–2011 [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  13. ^ GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, POLAND biolbull.org [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  14. ^ springerlink.com/ / Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.(2011) Publication:Journal of Genetics Copyright © 1923, Indian Academy of Sciences[Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  15. ^ onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi:10.1002/jez.1400360406 1999– Journal of Experimental ZoologyVolume 36, Issue 4, pages 468–475, November 1922 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2011) [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
  16. ^ JSTOR Biological Bulletin © 1926 Marine Biological Laboratory [Retrieved 2011-12-18]
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  19. ^ (springerlink.com website) Springer Berlin / Heidelberg 1930 [Retrieved 2011-12-18]

External links

  • Belgaum S. Thyagaraja, Thomas J. Kelly, Edward P. Masler, Dale B. Gelman, Robert A. Bell, Richard B. Imberski (sciencedirect.com website) Kopec revisited—Neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar): Development of a larval in vivo assay for prothoracicotropic hormone Journal of Insect PhysiologyVolume 38, Issue 11, November 1992, Pages 925-938 doi:10.1016/0022-1910(92)90104-L
  • DFG Aktualisierungsdatum 2010-11 list of publications - Kopec et al [Retrieved 2011-2-19]

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