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"Partial skeleton, isolated limb elements."<ref name="table-4-1-76">"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.</ref>
"Partial skeleton, isolated limb elements."<ref name="table-4-1-76">"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.</ref>
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[[Dromaeosauridae]] indet.<ref name="RichteretalPZ" />
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Indeterminate
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Isolated teeth.<ref name="RichteretalPZ">{{Cite journal|author=Ute Richter, Alexander Mudroch and Lisa G. Buckley |year=2012 |title=Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1007/s12542-012-0153-1}}</ref>
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An indeterminate dromaeosaurid.
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Revision as of 09:23, 8 September 2012

Kem Kem Beds
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian[1]
TypeGeological formation
Location
Country Morocco
 Algeria

The Kem Kem Beds (also referred to by various other names including the Continental Red Beds and Continental intercalaire[2]) is a geological formation in Morocco and Algeria whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs reported from the Continental Red Beds
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Aegisuchus

Aegisuchus witmeri

"Partial braincase of a large individual with skull roof, temporal, and occipital regions."[3]

An aegyptosuchid.

Elosuchus cherifiensis

Araripesuchus

Araripesuchus rattoides

Elosuchus

Elosuchus cherifiensis

An Elosuchid.

Hamadasuchus

Hamadasuchus rebouli

A Peirosaurid.

Kemkemia

K. auditorei

Errachidia Province, Morocco[4]

Known from an isolated caudal vertebra.[4]

Initially thought to be a neotheropod[4], but subsequently discovered to be a crocodyliform.[5]

Laganosuchus

Laganosuchus maghrebensisis

A Stomatosuchid.

Dinosaurs

Indeterminate lithostrotian remains once misattributed to the titanosauridae are present in Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Dinosaurs reported from the Continental Red Beds
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Carcharodontosaurus[1]

C. saharicus[1]

Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1]
Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
Deltadromeus agilis
Spinosaurus aegypticus

Carcharodontosauridae indet.[6]

Indeterminate

"An isolated and almost complete left frontal."[6]

A carcharodontosaurid distinct from Carcharodontosaurus.

Brachiosaurus

B. nougaredi

"Sacrum [and] forelimb elements."[7]

Actually an unnamed brachiosaurid.

Deltadromeus

D. agilis

"Partial skeleton, isolated limb elements."[8]

Dromaeosauridae indet.[9]

Indeterminate

Isolated teeth.[9]

An indeterminate dromaeosaurid.

cf. Elaphrosaurus

Indeterminate

Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1]

Fossils previously referred to cf. Elaphrosaurus are actually indeterminate theropod remains.

Inosaurus

I. tedreftensis

"Vertebrae."[10]

cf. Majungasaurus Indeterminate Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1] Misidentified remains of an indeterminate abelisaurid.

Rebbachisaurus

Indeterminate

Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1] Misidentified indeterminate sauropod remains.
Sigilmassasaurus[1] S. brevicolis[1] Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1] "Cervical vertebrae."[11]
Spinosaurus[1]

Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus[1]

Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1]

S. maroccanus[1]

Province De Ksar-es-Souk, Morocco.[1]

"Cervical vertebrae, dentary fragments," and a "dorsal neural arch."[12]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Kem Kem Beds
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images

Alanqa[13]

A. saharica[13]

Alanqa saharica

Coloborhynchus[13]

C. moroccensis[13]

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Continental Red Beds
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes

Dirqadim

Dirqadim schaefferi

A Euraxemydid

Galianemys

Galianemys emringeri

A Cearachelyin

Hamadachelys

Hamadachelys escuilliei

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Africa)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 604-605. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ^ Michard, A. (2008). Continental evolution: the geology of Morocco : structure, stratigraphy, and tectonics of the Africa-Atlantic-Mediterranean Triple junction. Published by Springer, 2008. 424 pages. ISBN 3-540-77075-5, ISBN 978-3-540-77075-6
  3. ^ Casey M. Holliday and Nicholas M. Gardner (2012). "A New Eusuchian Crocodyliform with Novel Cranial Integument and Its Significance for the Origin and Evolution of Crocodylia". PLoS ONE. 7 (1): e30471. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...7E0471H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030471. PMC 3269432. PMID 22303441.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b c Cau, Andrea; Maganuco, Simone (2009). "A new theropod dinosaur, represented by a single unusual caudal vertebra from the Kem Kem Beds (Cretaceous) of Morocco". Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano 150 (II): 239–257.
  5. ^ Lio, G., Agnolin, F., Cau, A. and Maganuco, S. (2012). "Crocodyliform affinities for Kemkemia auditorei Cau and Maganuco, 2009, from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco." Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, 153 (I), s. 119–126.
  6. ^ a b Andrea Cau, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia and Matteo Fabbri (2012). "Evidence of a new carcharodontosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (3): 661–665. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0043.
  7. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 267.
  8. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.
  9. ^ a b Ute Richter, Alexander Mudroch and Lisa G. Buckley (2012). "Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. in press. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0153-1.
  10. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  11. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 74.
  12. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
  13. ^ a b c d Ibrahim, N.; Unwin, D.M.; Martill, D.M.; Baidder, L.; Zouhri, S. (2010). "A New Pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco". PLoS ONE. 5 (5): e10875. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...510875I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010875. PMC 2877115. PMID 20520782.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)


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