Asplenium × gravesii: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:47, 7 October 2012
| Asplenium × gravesii | |
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| Species: | A. × gravesii
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| Asplenium × gravesii | |
Asplenium × gravesii, commonly known as Graves's spleenwort, is a rare, sterile, hybrid fern. It is formed by the crossing of Bradley's spleenwort (A. bradleyi) with lobed spleenwort (A. pinnatifidum).
Description
Maxon 1918, Wherry 1920
Taxonomy
The first specimens of the fern to be recognized were collected by Edward Willis Graves (1882–1936) in 1917 at Sand Mountain near Trenton, Georgia. While Graves at first thought they might be a variant form of A. pinnatifidum, further study in conjunction with William R. Maxon revealed them to be a hybrid between A. pinnatifidum and A. bradleyi, both of which occurred nearby. Maxon published a description of the new species in 1918.[1]
Thomas Darling, Jr., successfully crossed A. bradleyi with A. pinnatifidum in cultivation during 1954–1955 to produce A. × gravesii. He supplied both the artificial crosses and live specimens collected at Sand Mountain to Herb Wagner for cytological studies.[2]
Distribution
In principle, A. × gravesii might be found anywhere the ranges of the parent species overlap: throughout the mid- to southern Appalachian Mountains and extending west through the Shawnee Hills into the Ozarks. In practice, its occurrences are highly scattered and rare, as the two parental species do not often occur adjacent to one another. It has been found in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Georgia, and Alabama.[3] An occurrence in West Virginia reported in 1926 and 1938 was subsequently found to be A. × trudellii,and one from Virginia in 1944 to be A. × kentuckiense.[2] It has been noted as particularly abundant in the general vicinity of Natural Bridge State Resort Park.[4]
Ecology
Like the parental species, A. gravesii prefers acid soil;[5] in fact, it may tolerate only mediacid soils, while subacid soils are acceptable to both parents.[6]
Cultivation
Darling 1957
Citations
References
- Darling, Thomas Jr. (1957). "In search of the rock-fern hybrid Asplenium gravesii". American Fern Journal. 47 (2): 55–66.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Kartesz, John T. (2010). "Biota of North America Program".
{{cite web}}:|chapter=ignored (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Maxon, W.R. (1918). "A new hybrid Asplenium". American Fern Journal. 8 (1): 1–3.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Smith, Dale M.; Bryant, Truman R.; Tate, Donald E. (1961). "Asplenium ×gravesii in Kentucky". Brittonia. 13 (1): 69–72. doi:10.2307/2805285.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wagner, Warren H., Jr. (1954). "Reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums". Evolution. 8: 103–118.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Wagner, Warren H., Jr.; Darling, Thomas Jr. (1957). "Synthetic and wild Asplenium gravesii". Brittonia. 9 (1): 57–63. doi:10.2307/2804849.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Wherry, Edgar T. (1920). "Asplenium gravesii in Pennsylvania". American Fern Journal. 10 (4): 119–121.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wherry, Edgar T. (1922). "Soil acidity—its nature, measurement, and relation to plant distribution". Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: 247–268.
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