Gadolinium-doped ceria: Difference between revisions
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Oxygen vacancies created when [[Gadolinium]] (a trivalent cation) is introduced into ceria lend the electrolyte its chemical properties, namely its high ionic conductivity, low operating temperature, high density, and chemical compatibility with many mixed conducting cathode materials<ref>Garche, Jurgen. et. al., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources. Oxford: Newnes, 2009.</ref>. Dopant levels of Gd typically range from 10-20%. |
Oxygen vacancies created when [[Gadolinium]] (a trivalent cation) is introduced into ceria lend the electrolyte its chemical properties, namely its high ionic conductivity, low operating temperature, high density, and chemical compatibility with many mixed conducting cathode materials<ref>Garche, Jurgen. et. al., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources. Oxford: Newnes, 2009.</ref>. Dopant levels of Gd typically range from 10-20%. |
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Methods of synthesis have included precipitation<ref>http://www.sbpmat.org.br/9encontro/especific_files/papers/A978.pdf</ref>, hydrothermal treatment, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis technique (SPT)<ref>http://www.researchgate.net/publication/215657237_Fabrication_of_10Gd-doped_ceria_(GDC)29NiO-GDC_half</ref>, combustion<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002072107600660</ref> and nanocasting<ref name=Rossinyol>Rossinyol, Emma, et. al. "Gadolinium Doped Ceria Nanocrystals Synthesized From Mesoporous Silica." J Nanopart Res (2008) 10: |
Methods of synthesis have included precipitation<ref>http://www.sbpmat.org.br/9encontro/especific_files/papers/A978.pdf</ref>, hydrothermal treatment, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis technique (SPT)<ref>http://www.researchgate.net/publication/215657237_Fabrication_of_10Gd-doped_ceria_(GDC)29NiO-GDC_half</ref>, combustion<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002072107600660</ref> and nanocasting<ref name=Rossinyol>Rossinyol, Emma, et. al. "Gadolinium Doped Ceria Nanocrystals Synthesized From Mesoporous Silica." J Nanopart Res (2008) 10:369–375 {{DOI|10.1007/s11051-007-9257-z}}</ref> using cerium sources such as cerium nitrate, ammonium ceric nitrate [3], cerium oxalate, cerium carbonate, cerium peroxide, and cerium hydroxide<ref name=Rossinyol />. GDC has been synthesized in such forms as powder, ink, solid solutions, discs, and nanomaterials (including [[Nanoparticle|nanoparticle|]], nanocrystals, nanopowder, and nanowires<ref>http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/159/5/E108.abstract</ref>). |
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==Other Applications== |
==Other Applications== |
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Gadolinium doped Ceria (GDC) (known alternatively as Gadolinia doped ceria, Gadolinium doped cerium oxide, Cerium(IV) oxide-gadolinium doped, and GCO, formula Gd:CeO2) is a ceramic electrolyte used in Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It is one of a class of Ceria-doped electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and lower operating temperatures (<700 ºC) than those of Yttria-stabilized zirconia [1], the material most commonly used in SOFCs. Because YSZ requires operating temperatures of 800-1000ºC to achieve maximal ionic conductivity, the associated energy and costs make GDC a more optimal (even "irreplaceable" [2], according to researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute ) material for commercially viable SOFCs.
Synthesis
Oxygen vacancies created when Gadolinium (a trivalent cation) is introduced into ceria lend the electrolyte its chemical properties, namely its high ionic conductivity, low operating temperature, high density, and chemical compatibility with many mixed conducting cathode materials[3]. Dopant levels of Gd typically range from 10-20%.
Methods of synthesis have included precipitation[4], hydrothermal treatment, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis technique (SPT)[5], combustion[6] and nanocasting[7] using cerium sources such as cerium nitrate, ammonium ceric nitrate [3], cerium oxalate, cerium carbonate, cerium peroxide, and cerium hydroxide[7]. GDC has been synthesized in such forms as powder, ink, solid solutions, discs, and nanomaterials (including nanoparticle|, nanocrystals, nanopowder, and nanowires[8]).
Other Applications
- As an oxygen sensor
- In catalytic treatment of automobile exhaust fumes. [9]
See Also
References
- ^ http://www.americanelements.com/gdc.html
- ^ http://publica.fraunhofer.de/dokumente/N-163378.html
- ^ Garche, Jurgen. et. al., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources. Oxford: Newnes, 2009.
- ^ http://www.sbpmat.org.br/9encontro/especific_files/papers/A978.pdf
- ^ http://www.researchgate.net/publication/215657237_Fabrication_of_10Gd-doped_ceria_(GDC)29NiO-GDC_half
- ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002072107600660
- ^ a b Rossinyol, Emma, et. al. "Gadolinium Doped Ceria Nanocrystals Synthesized From Mesoporous Silica." J Nanopart Res (2008) 10:369–375 doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9257-z
- ^ http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/159/5/E108.abstract
- ^ Dutta A, et al. "Nanocrystalline gadolinium doped ceria: combustion synthesis and electrical characterization." J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009 May;9(5):3075-83.