Bromelia laciniosa: Difference between revisions
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{{Italic title}}{{taxobox |
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| name = ''Bromelia laciniosa'' |
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{{missingtaxobox}} |
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| image = Macambira.jpg |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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[[File:Macambira.jpg|thumbnail|right|''Bromelia laciniosa'' or Macambira.]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |
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| ordo = [[Poales]] |
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| familia = [[Bromeliaceae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Bromelia]]'' |
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| species = '''''B. laciniosa''''' |
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| binomial = ''Bromelia laciniosa'' |
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| binomial_authority = [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]] ''ex'' [[Julius Hermann Schultes|Schult.f.]] |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''''Bromelia laciniosa''''' natively known as ''macambira'', is part of the [[bromeliad]] plant family, or in other words, the pineapple family—though not all bromeliads resemble the common pineapple.<ref name="BSI">{{cite web|title=Bromeliad Society International|url=http://www.bsi.org/brom_info/what.html}}</ref> As a family, the histories of bromeliads have been well recorded,<ref name="BSI"/> but the details of its many species, like ''Bromelia laciniosa'', are not known. ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is one of 3000 species of bromeliad found in the [[Neotropics]].<ref name="BSI"/> |
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== Climate == |
== Climate == |
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Bromeliads are found in various tropical environments, like rain forests, dry savannas, and semi-arid regions<ref>{{cite |
Bromeliads are found in various tropical environments, like rain forests, dry savannas, and semi-arid regions.<ref>{{cite journal |author= J. Gitaí, R. Horres & A. M. Benko-Iseppon |year=2005 |title=Chromosomal features and evolution of Bromeliaceae |journal=[[Plant Systematics and Evolution]] |volume=253 |issue=1–4 |pages=65–80 |doi=10.1007/s00606-005-0306-8}}</ref> Bromeliads typically grow under trees or in clearings, though ''Bromelia laciniosa'' seeds do not germinate in the absence of light, which means that the plant only begins to flower given the right conditions.<ref name="Dutra">{{cite journal |author=Alek Sandro Dutra, Elizita Maria Teófilo & Sebastião Medeiros Filho |year=2010 |title=Germinação de sementes de macambira (''Bromelia laciniosa'' Mart. ex Schult) |language=Portuguese |trans_title=Germination of Macambira (''Bromelia laciniosa'' Mart. ex Schult) |journal=[[Revista Caatinga]] |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=12–17 |url=http://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/revistas/index.php/sistema/article/view/1610}}</ref> If intercropped, it is thus vital that the ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is not shaded by other crops. ''Bromelia laciniosa'' has also been shown to be moderately successful in areas where soil degradation is a problem.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Izabel Cristina de Luna Galindo, Mateus Rosas Ribeiro, Maria de Fátima de Araújo Vieira Santos, José Fernando Wanderley Fernandes Lima & Rafael Fernandes de Abreu e Lima Ferreira |year=2008 |title=Relações solo-vegetação em áreas sob processo de desertificação no município de Jataúba, PE |language=Portuguese |trans_title=Soils and vegetation relations in areas under desertification in Jataúba County, Pernambuco State, Brazil |journal=[[Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo]] |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=1283–1296 |doi=10.1590/S0100-06832008000300036}}</ref> Thus, this plant can be beneficial to locations where mulch is needed and/or where nutrients in the soil are weak. ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is extremely acclimated to barren climates, so the security that this plant offers is something that should be considered. |
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== Planting == |
== Planting == |
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Soaking the seeds of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' in acetone for 60 minutes is an effective treatment that increases vigor and germination<ref |
Soaking the seeds of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' in acetone for 60 minutes is an effective treatment that increases vigor and germination.<ref name="Dutra"/> The roots of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' are thin to facilitate water absorption and reach over a meter deep and 8 inches in diameter; because of this, bromeliads generally have efficient nitrogen uptake.<ref name="Natureza">{{cite web|title=Natureza Bela|url=http://belezadacaatinga.blogspot.ca/2011/03/macambira-bromelia-laciniosa.html}}</ref> Therefore, ''Bromelia laciniosa'' would intercrop with a plant that doesn't compete for nutrients at its root depth level; also, the efficient nitrogen uptake of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is important to keep in mind when intercropping and rotating crops. There is not much information regarding pests and diseases that are specific to ''Bromelia laciniosa'', so in absence of this, it may be useful to refer to the prominent pathogens of the bromeliad family. |
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[[File:Bromelia laciniosa (TS) 1-01097.jpg| |
[[File:Bromelia laciniosa (TS) 1-01097.jpg|thumb|left|The vibrant flower of ''Bromelia laciniosa'']] |
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== Characteristics == |
== Characteristics == |
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The appearance of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' depends on various factors, like season and soil, but will typically look like a squat, yellowish-green, thorny shrub with streaks of purple and pink that run along its leaves and converge with the striking flower of the plant<ref |
The appearance of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' depends on various factors, like season and soil, but will typically look like a squat, yellowish-green, thorny shrub with streaks of purple and pink that run along its leaves and converge with the striking flower of the plant.<ref name="Natureza"/> The fruit of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' are yellow when ripe,<ref name="Natureza"/> though they are not directly eaten but mashed into a pulp to extract the plant's starchy substance that is made into flour. Like all bromeliads, the leaves of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' are covered with tiny scales that appear to be white and fuzzy; known as trichomes, these epidermal projections (leaf hairs) help the plant efficiently extract moisture from hot and dry climates.<ref name="BSI"/> ''Bromelia laciniosa'' reproduces like other plants in its genus; bromeliads produce plantlets at their base, shoots that survive off of the mother plant until they reach the stage when they can extend their roots and survive on their own.<ref name="BSI"/> ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is made up of around 63% starch, 4% sugars, 5% proteins, 13% crude fiber, and other various composites.<ref name="Famine">{{cite web|title=Famine Foods, Purdue University New Crops Initiative|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/faminefoods/ff_families/bromeliaceae.html}}</ref> |
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== Uses == |
== Uses == |
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A significant negative of working with ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is that the extraction of its leaves is very laborious; the |
A significant negative of working with ''Bromelia laciniosa'' is that the extraction of its leaves is very laborious; the plant's blades need to be trimmed and packed into bundles to make the pulverizing of its stalks more productive.<ref name="Natureza"/> Farmers need to make a cost/benefit analysis to determine whether the labour and equipment is worth the rewards of growing ''Bromelia laciniosa''. Strong fibers can also be extracted from ''Bromelia laciniosa''; the blades of the plant are cut, its thorns removed, its leaves fermented for several days to loosen up the fibers, and then its stalks are dried and readied for fiber extraction; a caveat though is that this process gives off a pungent odor, so this task should be performed in a contained area.<ref name="Natureza"/> The leaves and fruit of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' can be boiled and ground to extract a starchy substance that, when dried, can be consumed as a flour that is a fiber and calcium rich source;<ref>{{cite journal |author=Racine Foster |year=1952 |title=Benevolent bromeliads |journal=[[Bromeliad Bulletin]] |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=}}</ref> in fact, the calcium content of this plant is the highest of any known plant species, evident by its 15 to 1 ratio of calcium content relative to cow milk.<ref name="Famine"/> The concentrate of the roots of ''Bromelia laciniosa'' roots has been claimed to have various medical uses, such as to combat hepatitis, intestinal viruses, and as a diuretic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Liliana Maria Manetti, Rosemeres Horwat Delaporte & Antonio Laverde Jr |year=2009 |title=Metabólitos secundários da família Bromeliaceae |language=Portuguese |trans_title=Secondary metabolites from the family Bromeliaceae |journal=[[Química Nova]] |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=1885–1897 |doi=10.1590/S0100-40422009000700035}}</ref> |
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== Summary == |
== Summary == |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Bromelia|laciniosa]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1830]] |
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Revision as of 17:36, 6 December 2013
| Bromelia laciniosa | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
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| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | B. laciniosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Bromelia laciniosa | |
Bromelia laciniosa natively known as macambira, is part of the bromeliad plant family, or in other words, the pineapple family—though not all bromeliads resemble the common pineapple.[1] As a family, the histories of bromeliads have been well recorded,[1] but the details of its many species, like Bromelia laciniosa, are not known. Bromelia laciniosa is one of 3000 species of bromeliad found in the Neotropics.[1]
Climate
Bromeliads are found in various tropical environments, like rain forests, dry savannas, and semi-arid regions.[2] Bromeliads typically grow under trees or in clearings, though Bromelia laciniosa seeds do not germinate in the absence of light, which means that the plant only begins to flower given the right conditions.[3] If intercropped, it is thus vital that the Bromelia laciniosa is not shaded by other crops. Bromelia laciniosa has also been shown to be moderately successful in areas where soil degradation is a problem.[4] Thus, this plant can be beneficial to locations where mulch is needed and/or where nutrients in the soil are weak. Bromelia laciniosa is extremely acclimated to barren climates, so the security that this plant offers is something that should be considered.
Planting
Soaking the seeds of Bromelia laciniosa in acetone for 60 minutes is an effective treatment that increases vigor and germination.[3] The roots of Bromelia laciniosa are thin to facilitate water absorption and reach over a meter deep and 8 inches in diameter; because of this, bromeliads generally have efficient nitrogen uptake.[5] Therefore, Bromelia laciniosa would intercrop with a plant that doesn't compete for nutrients at its root depth level; also, the efficient nitrogen uptake of Bromelia laciniosa is important to keep in mind when intercropping and rotating crops. There is not much information regarding pests and diseases that are specific to Bromelia laciniosa, so in absence of this, it may be useful to refer to the prominent pathogens of the bromeliad family.
_1-01097.jpg)
Characteristics
The appearance of Bromelia laciniosa depends on various factors, like season and soil, but will typically look like a squat, yellowish-green, thorny shrub with streaks of purple and pink that run along its leaves and converge with the striking flower of the plant.[5] The fruit of Bromelia laciniosa are yellow when ripe,[5] though they are not directly eaten but mashed into a pulp to extract the plant's starchy substance that is made into flour. Like all bromeliads, the leaves of Bromelia laciniosa are covered with tiny scales that appear to be white and fuzzy; known as trichomes, these epidermal projections (leaf hairs) help the plant efficiently extract moisture from hot and dry climates.[1] Bromelia laciniosa reproduces like other plants in its genus; bromeliads produce plantlets at their base, shoots that survive off of the mother plant until they reach the stage when they can extend their roots and survive on their own.[1] Bromelia laciniosa is made up of around 63% starch, 4% sugars, 5% proteins, 13% crude fiber, and other various composites.[6]
Uses
A significant negative of working with Bromelia laciniosa is that the extraction of its leaves is very laborious; the plant's blades need to be trimmed and packed into bundles to make the pulverizing of its stalks more productive.[5] Farmers need to make a cost/benefit analysis to determine whether the labour and equipment is worth the rewards of growing Bromelia laciniosa. Strong fibers can also be extracted from Bromelia laciniosa; the blades of the plant are cut, its thorns removed, its leaves fermented for several days to loosen up the fibers, and then its stalks are dried and readied for fiber extraction; a caveat though is that this process gives off a pungent odor, so this task should be performed in a contained area.[5] The leaves and fruit of Bromelia laciniosa can be boiled and ground to extract a starchy substance that, when dried, can be consumed as a flour that is a fiber and calcium rich source;[7] in fact, the calcium content of this plant is the highest of any known plant species, evident by its 15 to 1 ratio of calcium content relative to cow milk.[6] The concentrate of the roots of Bromelia laciniosa roots has been claimed to have various medical uses, such as to combat hepatitis, intestinal viruses, and as a diuretic.[8]
Summary
Overall, Bromelia laciniosa is a plant that is tailored for specific conditions and can be a valuable resource for a farmer. Due to its biological traits, Bromelia laciniosa can propagate in climates with little moisture and low nutrient soils, which makes the plant an ideal crop for dry, semi-arid regions. The abundant starch, protein, fiber, and, especially, calcium content of Bromelia laciniosa makes it an attractive famine crop. Aside for subsistence, Bromelia laciniosa can be sold on the market, whether for its flour or fibers or even its stalks to use for building material. There is little authoritative information about Bromelia laciniosa available, and more research is required.
References
- ^ a b c d e "Bromeliad Society International".
- ^ J. Gitaí, R. Horres & A. M. Benko-Iseppon (2005). "Chromosomal features and evolution of Bromeliaceae". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1–4): 65–80. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0306-8.
- ^ a b Alek Sandro Dutra, Elizita Maria Teófilo & Sebastião Medeiros Filho (2010). "Germinação de sementes de macambira (Bromelia laciniosa Mart. ex Schult)". Revista Caatinga (in Portuguese). 23 (2): 12–17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Izabel Cristina de Luna Galindo, Mateus Rosas Ribeiro, Maria de Fátima de Araújo Vieira Santos, José Fernando Wanderley Fernandes Lima & Rafael Fernandes de Abreu e Lima Ferreira (2008). "Relações solo-vegetação em áreas sob processo de desertificação no município de Jataúba, PE". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (in Portuguese). 32 (3): 1283–1296. doi:10.1590/S0100-06832008000300036.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e "Natureza Bela".
- ^ a b "Famine Foods, Purdue University New Crops Initiative".
- ^ Racine Foster (1952). "Benevolent bromeliads". Bromeliad Bulletin. 2 (3).
- ^ Liliana Maria Manetti, Rosemeres Horwat Delaporte & Antonio Laverde Jr (2009). "Metabólitos secundários da família Bromeliaceae". Química Nova (in Portuguese). 32 (7): 1885–1897. doi:10.1590/S0100-40422009000700035.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)