Einstein (crater): Difference between revisions
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
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{{Lunar crater references}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Andersson |
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| first1 = L. E. |
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| last2 = Whitaker |
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| first2 = E. A. |
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| authorlink2 = Ewen Whitaker |
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| year = 1982 |
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| title = [[NASA]] Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = NASA RP-1097 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| last = Blue |
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| first = Jennifer |
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| date = July 25, 2007 |
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| title = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |
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| publisher = [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] |
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| url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/ |
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| accessdate = 2007-08-05 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Bussey |
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| first1 = B. |
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| authorlink1 = Ben Bussey |
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| last2 = Spudis |
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| first2 = P. |
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| authorlink2 = Paul Spudis |
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| year = 2004 |
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| title = The Clementine Atlas of the Moon |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| location = New York |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-81528-4 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Cocks |
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| first1 = Elijah E. |
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| last2 = Cocks |
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| first2 = Josiah C. |
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| year = 1995 |
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| title = Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = Tudor Publishers |
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| isbn = 978-0-936389-27-1 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite web |
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| last = McDowell |
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| first = Jonathan |
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| date = July 15, 2007 |
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| url = http://host.planet4589.org/astro/lunar/ |
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| title = Lunar Nomenclature |
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| publisher = Jonathan's Space Report |
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| accessdate = 2007-10-24 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite doi | 10.1007/BF00171763 }} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Patrick |
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| last = Moore |
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| authorlink = Patrick Moore |
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| year = 2001 |
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| title = On the Moon |
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| publisher = Sterling Publishing Co |
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| isbn = 978-0-304-35469-6 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Fred W. |
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| last = Price |
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| year = 1988 |
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| title = The Moon Observer's Handbook |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-33500-3 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Rükl |
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| first = Antonín |
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| authorlink = Antonín Rükl |
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| year = 1990 |
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| title = Atlas of the Moon |
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| publisher = Kalmbach Books |
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| isbn = 978-0-913135-17-4 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Webb |
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| first = Rev. T. W. |
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| authorlink = Thomas William Webb |
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| year = 1962 |
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| title = Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes |
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| edition = 6th revision |
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| publisher = Dover |
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| isbn = 978-0-486-20917-3 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Ewen A. |
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| last = Whitaker |
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| authorlink = Ewen Whitaker |
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| year = 1999 |
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| title = Mapping and Naming the Moon |
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| publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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| isbn = 978-0-521-62248-6 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| first = Peter T. |
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| last = Wlasuk |
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| year = 2000 |
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| title = Observing the Moon |
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| publisher = Springer |
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| isbn = 978-1-85233-193-1 |
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| ref = harv |
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}} |
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{{refend}} |
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[[Category:Impact craters on the Moon]] |
[[Category:Impact craters on the Moon]] |
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Revision as of 23:42, 28 June 2014
 Lunar Orbiter 4 image. Einstein is the larger, eroded crater. The smaller central crater is Einstein A. | |
| Diameter | 198 km |
|---|---|
| Depth | Unknown |
| Colongitude | 91° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Albert Einstein |
Einstein is a large lunar crater that lies along the western limb of the Moon, making it difficult to observe from the Earth. The visibility of this formation is affected by libration effects, but even under the best conditions not much detail can be observed except from lunar orbit. Nearby craters of note include Moseley just to the north, Dalton along the eastern rim, Vasco da Gama just to the southeast, and Bohr to the south-southeast. The formation Vallis Bohr is visible to the south.
The outer rim of this walled plain has been all but obliterated by many small impacts. Only along the eastern wall, where it joins Dalton crater, does a significant rim still survive. Occupying the center of the interior floor is Einstein A, an impact crater with terraced inner walls and a central peak. The outer rampart of this concentric crater spreads across the interior floor, covering over half the diameter of Einstein. Several smaller craters also lie scattered across the floor, but there are sections of relatively flat surface in the southwest part of the floor. Two small craters on the west side have fissured floors. These are believed to be secondary craters from the Orientale impact to the south.[1]
Because it is only visible under very favorable conditions, this crater was only discovered as recently as 1952 by Patrick Moore. The original name for this formation was 'Caramuel', but it was later changed to Einstein by the IAU in 1964.[2]
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Einstein.
| Einstein | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 16.7° N | 88.2° W | 51 km |
| R | 13.9° N | 91.8° W | 20 km |
| S | 15.1° N | 91.5° W | 20 km |
References
- ^ The geologic history of the Moon, 1987, Wilhelms, Don E.; with sections by McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. USGS Professional Paper: 1348. Figure 3.9 A (online)
- ^ Einstein, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
- Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007). "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". USGS. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1007/BF00171763 , please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi= 10.1007/BF00171763instead. - Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Price, Fred W. (1988). The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Rükl, Antonín (1990). Atlas of the Moon. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revision ed.). Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). Observing the Moon. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)