China Jinping Underground Laboratory: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 28°09′12″N 101°42′41″E / 28.153227°N 101.711369°E / 28.153227; 101.711369[1]
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It seems to be 6800 mwe shielding
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The '''China Jinping Underground Laboratory''' is a deep ({{convert|2400|m|ft|disp=comma|comma=5|abbr=on}}) underground laboratory in [[Sichuan]], China. {{Coord|28.153227|N|101.711369|E|type:landmark_region:CN-51_dim:50km|display=t|notes=<ref>[https://github.com/cjpl/daq/blob/master/README.org Data Acquisiton Project for CJPL]</ref>}} It is the best-shielded underground laboratory in the world (less than 0.2 [[Muon|μ]]/m²/day,<ref name=Flux/>, equivalent to 6800&nbsp;m of water shielding<ref name=PandaX/>{{Rp|17}}), yet has horizontal access so equipment may be brought in by truck.
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The '''China Jinping Underground Laboratory''' is a deep (2400&nbsp;m) underground laboratory in [[Sichuan]], China. {{Coord|28.153227|N|101.711369|E|type:landmark_region:CN-51_dim:50km|display=t|notes=<ref>[https://github.com/cjpl/daq/blob/master/README.org Data Acquisiton Project for CJPL]</ref>}} It is the best-shielded underground laboratory in the world (less than 0.2 [[Muon|μ]]/m²/day,<ref name=Flux/>, equivalent to 6800&nbsp;m of water shielding), yet has horizontal access so equipment may be brought in by truck.


Ad additional benefit of the location is that the surrounding rock is primarily [[marble]], which is low in [[radionuclide]]s,<ref name=Chui10/><ref name=Strickland/> such as [[Potassium-40|<sup>40</sup>K]], [[Radium-226|<sup>226</sup>Ra]] and [[Thorium-232|<sup>232</sup>Th]].<ref name=PandaX/>{{Rp|17}}.
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The [[Jinping-II Dam]] hydroelectric power project involved excavating a number of large 17&nbsp;km tunnels under Jinping mountain: four large headrace tunnels for water, two vehicular access tunnels, and one water drainage tunnel. Hearing of the excavation in August 2008, physicists at [[Tsinghua University]] determined that it would be an excellent location for a deep underground laboratory,<ref name=Normile/> and negotiated with the hydropower company to excavate laboratory space in the middle of the tunnels.


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The [[Jinping-II Dam]] hydroelectric power project involved excavating a number of large {{convert|17.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} tunnels<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|1}} under Jinping mountain: four large headrace tunnels for water, two vehicular access tunnels, and one water drainage tunnel. Hearing of the excavation in August 2008,<ref name=Normile/> physicists at [[Tsinghua University]] determined that it would be an excellent location for a deep underground laboratory,<ref name=Prospects09/> and negotiated with the hydropower company to excavate laboratory space in the middle of the tunnels.
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A formal agreement was signed on 8 May 2009<ref name=Normile/>, and excavation was promptly started.<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|29}} The first phase CJPL-I, consisting of a 6.5×6.5×40&nbsp;m main hall, plus 55&nbsp;m of access tunnel (4,000&nbsp;m³ total excavation)<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|15}} was mostly complete in June 2010<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|35}}, and a formal laboratory opening was held 12 December 2010.<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|37}}


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A formal agreement was signed on 8 May 2009<ref name=Normile/>, and excavation was promptly started.<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|29}} The first phase CJPL-I, consisting of a 6.5×6.5×40&nbsp;m ({{convert|6.5|m|ft|disp=number}}×{{convert|6.5|m|ft|disp=number}}×{{convert|40|m|ft|disp=out}}) main hall, plus {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on}} of access tunnel (4,000&nbsp;m³ total excavation)<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|15}} was mostly complete in June 2010<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|35}}, and a formal laboratory opening was held 12 December 2010.<ref name=Status2013/>{{Rp|37}}
A phase II expansion, to 120,000&nbsp;m³ of excavation, is underway and expected to be complete in 2015.<ref name=Expansion2014/>|

CJPL-II, a major expansion to 96,000&nbsp;m³ of space<ref name=Phase2/> (120,000&nbsp;m³ total excavation<ref name=Expansion2014/>) is underway and expected to be completed at the end of 2015. This will make CJPL one of the largest underground physics laboratories in the world, half the size of [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso|LNGS]], the world's largest (180,000&nbsp;m³). The design provides four experimental halls, each 12×12×150&nbsp;m<ref name=Yue14/>{{Rp|13}}
({{convert|12|m|ft|disp=number}}×{{convert|12|m|ft|disp=number}}×{{convert|150|m|ft|disp=out}}).


<!-- Lots more to write, but have to leave for a few hours. Hopefully good enough to post publicly. -->
==Experiments==
==Experiments==
Experiments currently hosted (under construction or operating) in CJPL are:
Experiments currently operating in CJPL are:
* [[China Dark Matter Experiment]]
* [[China Dark Matter Experiment]], a [[germanium]] [[dark matter]] detector, and
* [[PandaX]], the Particle and Astrophysical Xenon Detector for dark matter
* [[PandaX]], the Particle and Astrophysical Xenon Detector for dark matter (and [[neutrinoless double beta decay]])
* Low background facility, for measuring very low levels of radioactivity<ref name=Yue14/>{{Rp|7}}


==References==
==References==
<references>
<references>
<ref name=Normile>{{Citation |title=Chinese Scientists Hope to Make Deepest, Darkest Dreams Come True |first=Dennis |last=Normile |journal=Science |date=5 June 2009 |volume=324 |number=5932 |pages=1246–1247 |doi=10.1126/science.324_1246 |url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/archive/archive_2009/today09-06-10.html <!--Partial-->}}</ref>
<ref name=Normile>{{Citation |title=Chinese Scientists Hope to Make Deepest, Darkest Dreams Come True |first=Dennis |last=Normile |journal=Science |date=5 June 2009 |volume=324 |number=5932 |pages=1246–1247 |doi=10.1126/science.324_1246 |url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/archive/archive_2009/today09-06-10.html <!--Partial-->}}</ref>
<ref name=Flux>{{Citation |title=Measurement of Cosmic Ray Flux in China JinPing underground Laboratory |journal=Chinese Physics C |volume=37 |number=8 |date=August 2013 |author1=WU Yu-Cheng |author2=HAO Xi-Qing |author3=YUE Qian |author4=LI Yuan-Jing |author5=CHENG Jian-Ping |author6=KANG Ke-Jun |author7=CHEN Yun-Hua |author8=LI Jin |author9=LI Jian-Min |author10=LI Yu-Lan |author11=LIU Shu-Kui |author12=MA Hao |author13=REN Jin-Bao |author14=SHEN Man-Bin |author15=WANG Ji-Min |author16=WU Shi-Yong |author17=XUE Tao |author18=YI Nan |author19=ZENG Xiong-Hui |author20=ZENG Zhi |author21=ZHU Zhong-Hua |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/37/8/086001 |arxiv=1305.0899 |bibcode = 2013ChPhC..37h6001W }}</ref>
<ref name=Flux>{{Citation |title=Measurement of Cosmic Ray Flux in China JinPing underground Laboratory |journal=Chinese Physics C |volume=37 |number=8 |date=August 2013 |last1=Wu |first1=Yu-Cheng |last2=Hao |first2=Xi-Qing |last3=Yue |first3=Qian |last4=Li |first4=Yuan-Jing |last5=Cheng |first5=Jian-Ping |last6=Kang |first6=Ke-Jun |last7=Chen |first7=Yun-Hua |last8=Li |first8=Jin |last9=Li |first9=Jian-Min |last10=Li |first10=Yu-Lan |last11=Liu |first11=Shu-Kui |last12=Ma |first12=Hao |last13=Ren |first13=Jin-Bao |last14=Shen |first14=Man-Bin |last15=Wang |first15=Ji-Min |last16=Wu |first16=Shi-Yong |last17=Xue |first17=Tao |last18=Yi |first18=Nan |last19=Zeng |first19=Xiong-Hui |last20=Zeng |first20=Zhi |last21=Zhu |first21=Zhong-Hua |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/37/8/086001 |arxiv=1305.0899 |bibcode=2013ChPhC..37h6001W}}</ref>
<ref name=Status2013>{{Citation |contribution=The Status and Plan of China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL) |date=6 September 2013 |last=Li |first=Jianmin |contribution-url=https://commons.lbl.gov/download/attachments/95551642/Li_Jianmin.pdf |title=China JinPing Underground Laboratory: Town Meeting}}</ref>
<ref name=Status2013>{{Citation |contribution=The Status and Plan of China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL) |date=6 September 2013 |last=Li |first=Jianmin |contribution-url=https://commons.lbl.gov/download/attachments/95551642/Li_Jianmin.pdf |title=China JinPing Underground Laboratory: Town Meeting}}</ref>
<ref name=Expansion2014>{{Cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/02/c_133527155.htm |title=China expands world's deepest "dark matter" lab |date=2014-08-02 |journal=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]] |accessdate=2014-11-19}}</ref>
<ref name=Expansion2014>{{Cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/02/c_133527155.htm |title=China expands world's deepest "dark matter" lab |date=2014-08-02 |journal=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]] |accessdate=2014-11-19}}</ref>
<ref name=Phase2>{{Cite arxiv |arxiv=1404.2651 |class=physics.ins-det |first1=Jainmin |last1=Li |first2=Xiangdong |last2=Ji |first3=Wick |last3=Haxton |first4=Joseph S.Y. |last4=Wang |title=The second-phase development of the China JinPing underground Laboratory |date=9 April 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Prospects09>{{Citation |contribution-url=http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/203/1/012028/pdf/1742-6596_203_1_012028.pdf |contribution=Status and Prospects of a Deep Underground Laboratory in China |title=Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2009) |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series
|volume=203 |number=012028 |date=4 February 2010 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/203/1/012028 |first1=K.J. |last1=Kang |first2=J.P. |last2=Cheng |first3=Y. H. |last3=Chen |first4=Y.J. |last4=Li |first5=M. B. |last5=Shen |first6=S. Y. |last6=Wu |first7=Q. |last7=Yue}}</ref>
<ref name=PandaX>{{cite arxiv |arxiv=1405.2882 |class=physics.ins-det |title=PandaX: A Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Experiment at CJPL |author=PandaX Collaboration |date=May 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Strickland>{{Citation |last=Strickland |first=Eliza |title=Deepest Underground Dark-Matter Detector to Start Up in China |journal=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |volume=51 |issue=2 |page=20 |date=January 29, 2014 |url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/astrophysics/deepest-underground-darkmatter-detector-to-start-up-in-china}}</ref>
<ref name=Chui10>{{Citation |first=Glennda |last=Chui |url=http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/october-2010/worlds-deepest-lab-proposed-in-china |date=February 2010 |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=5 |title=World's deepest lab proposed in China |journal=Symmetry |issn=1931-8367}}</ref>
<ref name=Yue14>{{Citation |title=The status and prospect of CJPL |url=http://www.pa.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/webform/qianyue2.pdf |first=Qian |last=Yue |date=Feb 28, 2014}}</ref>
</references>
</references>


Revision as of 01:31, 20 November 2014

The China Jinping Underground Laboratory is a deep (2400 m, 7900 ft) underground laboratory in Sichuan, China. 28°09′12″N 101°42′41″E / 28.153227°N 101.711369°E / 28.153227; 101.711369[1] It is the best-shielded underground laboratory in the world (less than 0.2 μ/m²/day,[2], equivalent to 6800 m of water shielding[3]: 17 ), yet has horizontal access so equipment may be brought in by truck.

Ad additional benefit of the location is that the surrounding rock is primarily marble, which is low in radionuclides,[4][5] such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th.[3]: 17 .

The Jinping-II Dam hydroelectric power project involved excavating a number of large 17.5 km (10.9 mi) tunnels[6]: 1  under Jinping mountain: four large headrace tunnels for water, two vehicular access tunnels, and one water drainage tunnel. Hearing of the excavation in August 2008,[7] physicists at Tsinghua University determined that it would be an excellent location for a deep underground laboratory,[8] and negotiated with the hydropower company to excavate laboratory space in the middle of the tunnels.

A formal agreement was signed on 8 May 2009[7], and excavation was promptly started.[6]: 29  The first phase CJPL-I, consisting of a 6.5×6.5×40 m (21×21×130 ft) main hall, plus 55 m (180 ft) of access tunnel (4,000 m³ total excavation)[6]: 15  was mostly complete in June 2010[6]: 35 , and a formal laboratory opening was held 12 December 2010.[6]: 37 

CJPL-II, a major expansion to 96,000 m³ of space[9] (120,000 m³ total excavation[10]) is underway and expected to be completed at the end of 2015. This will make CJPL one of the largest underground physics laboratories in the world, half the size of LNGS, the world's largest (180,000 m³). The design provides four experimental halls, each 12×12×150 m[11]: 13  (39×39×490 ft).

Experiments

Experiments currently operating in CJPL are:

References

  1. ^ Data Acquisiton Project for CJPL
  2. ^ Wu, Yu-Cheng; Hao, Xi-Qing; Yue, Qian; Li, Yuan-Jing; Cheng, Jian-Ping; Kang, Ke-Jun; Chen, Yun-Hua; Li, Jin; Li, Jian-Min; Li, Yu-Lan; Liu, Shu-Kui; Ma, Hao; Ren, Jin-Bao; Shen, Man-Bin; Wang, Ji-Min; Wu, Shi-Yong; Xue, Tao; Yi, Nan; Zeng, Xiong-Hui; Zeng, Zhi; Zhu, Zhong-Hua (August 2013), "Measurement of Cosmic Ray Flux in China JinPing underground Laboratory", Chinese Physics C, 37 (8), arXiv:1305.0899, Bibcode:2013ChPhC..37h6001W, doi:10.1088/1674-1137/37/8/086001
  3. ^ a b PandaX Collaboration (May 13, 2014). "PandaX: A Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Experiment at CJPL". arXiv:1405.2882 [physics.ins-det].
  4. ^ Chui, Glennda (February 2010), "World's deepest lab proposed in China", Symmetry, 7 (1): 5, ISSN 1931-8367
  5. ^ Strickland, Eliza (January 29, 2014), "Deepest Underground Dark-Matter Detector to Start Up in China", IEEE Spectrum, 51 (2): 20
  6. ^ a b c d e Li, Jianmin (6 September 2013), "The Status and Plan of China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL)" (PDF), China JinPing Underground Laboratory: Town Meeting
  7. ^ a b Normile, Dennis (5 June 2009), "Chinese Scientists Hope to Make Deepest, Darkest Dreams Come True", Science, 324 (5932): 1246–1247, doi:10.1126/science.324_1246
  8. ^ Kang, K.J.; Cheng, J.P.; Chen, Y. H.; Li, Y.J.; Shen, M. B.; Wu, S. Y.; Yue, Q. (4 February 2010), "Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2009)", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 203 (012028), doi:10.1088/1742-6596/203/1/012028 {{citation}}: |contribution= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Li, Jainmin; Ji, Xiangdong; Haxton, Wick; Wang, Joseph S.Y. (9 April 2014). "The second-phase development of the China JinPing underground Laboratory". arXiv:1404.2651 [physics.ins-det].
  10. ^ "China expands world's deepest "dark matter" lab". Xinhua. 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
  11. ^ a b Yue, Qian (Feb 28, 2014), The status and prospect of CJPL (PDF)

External links

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