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Bicon Dental Implants
Company typePrivate company
IndustryDental Implants and Dental Prosthetics.
Founded1985
Headquarters
Boston, Massachusetts
,
United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Thomas Driskell
Vincent Morgan
ProductsDental implants
implant abutments
individualized CAD/CAM prosthetics (abutments, crowns, bridges, overdenture bars)
components for guided surgery
dental drills
training and education for dental professionals
Number of employees
200
Website[1]

Bicon Dental Implants is a privately owned company located in Boston, MA. The company specializes in short dental implants that use a locking taper or cold welding connection to secure the abutment to the implant. Bicon is notable and worthy of mention for the following three reasons: First, Bicon implants are extremely short in length. The size of Bicon implants allow them to be placed in regions that are crowded with natural teeth and/or implants, or in regions that would otherwise require a sinus lift. Second, the implants do not have the screw-form design typical of other available implants. Third, the abutments are connected to the implant via a locking taper. This is notable as other implant companies use an internal screw to connect their abutments.

History

Bicon has operated as a family-run independent company for nearly 30 years. Prior to its current form and ownership, Bicon has existed under different names and parent corporations. The following section briefly describes the history of Bicon the company and the implants that it offers.

Vietnam War

The style of implant offered by Bicon can trace its provenance to the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio, where in 1968 the US Army Medical Research and Development Command Dental Research Division funded a project aimed at developing prosthetics to address the influx of craniofacial injuries sustained by personnel in the escalating Vietnam conflict.[1][2]

Research performed by the lead researcher of the project (Dr. Thomas Driskell) showed that a multi-finned plateau design (figure???) more effectively distributed occlusal forces to the underlying bone as compared to contemporary screw form implants.[3] Furthermore, using rhesus monkeys as an experimental animal, Driskell et al. were able to demonstrate direct bone-to-implant contact in the plateau style implant, a process called osseointegration.[3]

With the advent of the 1970s, renewed interest in the use of ceramics began to develop. In 1975, Driskell et al. unveiled the Synthodont implant, an implant made of high density aluminum oxide (Al2O3).[3] Unlike other conventional screw-type implants, the Synthodont implant design incorporated the use of the “fins” that had proved so successful in the U.S. Army project.(figure????).[4][5][6]

1980s

In the early 1980s, following the initial successes of the Synthodont implant, Driskell et al.—now operating under the aegis of the Stryker corporation—introduced the Titanodont implant. The Titanodont implant was composed of grade 5 surgical grade titanium. The Titanodont implant was unique for three main reasons. First, the Titanodont implant allowed for complete interchangeability with abutments of varying diameters. This interchangeability allowed for a more natural biological width. Second, the implant was grit blasted and acid etched, which provided a larger surface area and more preferable substrate for cells involved in osseointegration. Third, and perhaps most importantly, the Titanodont implant had a locking taper abutment connection, which allowed 360° of abutment positioning, along with a bacterial seal. Unlike screw-form implants, the locking taper connection design prevents the infiltration of bacteria into the implant crypt and surrounding tissues.[7][8][9]

In the mid 1980s, the Bicon implant underwent a series of updates that incorporated new features. In terms of the implant itself, the new feature was a sloping shoulder that helped maintain bone height and the interdental papillae.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Features added that were not on the implant proper included specialized titanium instrumentation and a slow speed drill (50RPM). The slow speed drill was included in the system to prevent the thermal damage induced by the high speeds conventional drilling.[10][11][12][13] With the emergence of these new features, both on and off the implant, Bicon began referring to their product as a system rather than just an implant.

Unimpressed with the future outlook of dental implant sales, along with troubling reports of hydroxyapatite coated implants failing, Stryker corporation offered to sell the company to Driskell and his colleagues.[14] In 1985, Driskell et al. patented the DB precision implant, which possessed all the features currently found on Bicon implants.

1990s—Present day

In 1997, Dr. Vincent Morgan purchased the company from Driskell and renamed it Bicon (a name that is a portmanteau of Boston Implant Consortium). Morgan is the current owner/CEO of Bicon Dental Implants. With a number of Morgan’s friends and family playing various roles within the company, Bicon is now a family run business. Bicon's headquarters are located in Jamaica Plain, a historic neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts. Bicon Implants are manufactured in Wooster, OH by United Titanium.

Reception

Bicon has been called “the smallest of the large implant companies.”[15] Manufactured in the U.S.A. for nearly 30 years, Bicon implants have been generally well received. Because Bicon implants utilize a unique press-fit system instead of a screw, many clinicians have been hesitant to implement their use. Bicon implants have also been criticized for their small size; however, these concerns have been shown to be overblown.[16][17][18][19][20][21]

Unbeknownst to its creators, the Bicon implant design (i.e. namely the use of fins or plateaus, along with a hemispherical base) took advantage of a biological phenomenon called load bearing platform switching (LBPS).[22] Briefly, platform switching occurs when the diameters of the implant and abutment are unequal.[22] LBPS results when the hemispherical base of the abutment generates a load onto the tissue below it.[22] This mechanical stimuli induces bone repair and maintenance and results in crestal bone gain coronal to the implant.[23][24][22]

Bicon dental implants have been successfully functioning in patients for more than 20 years.[25][26] Depending on the surgical procedure, implant size, implant coating, and patient, the long term survival rate for Bicon dental implants ranges from 92.2-100%.[27][28][25][26]

Products

In addition to dental implants, Bicon also offers abutments, denture materials, and β-tricalcium phosphate. One of the reasons Bicon implants are unique is because of their small size. Bicon implants—referred to as short or ultrashort—can be as small as 5.0 mm tall. This allows the implants to be placed in regions that would otherwise require a sinus lift or are crowded with other teeth.[19]

Research

Bicon Dental Implants has a bioengineering and biomaterials department staffed with chemists, biologists, and clinicians. The Bicon department of bioengineering and biomaterials performs research and testing on all of Bicon's products in order to ensure their reliability and efficacy. Materials tested include fixed dental prostheses, dental implants, and all their associated accessories.

References

  1. ^ Khot, Sandeep; Park, Buhm; Longstreth, WT (2011). "The Vietnam War and medical research: untold legacy of the U.S. Doctor Draft and the NIH "Yellow Berets"". Acad Med. 86 (4): 502-508. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820f1ed7.
  2. ^ Driskell, Thomas; O'Hara, Martin; Niesz, Dale (1972). Surgical Tooth Implants, Combats and Field. Battelle Columbus Labs Ohio: Defense Technical Information Center. p. 35.
  3. ^ a b c Driskell, TD; Heller, AL (1977). "Clinical use of aluminum oxide endosseous implants". J Oral Implantol. 7 (1): 53-76. PMID 273703.
  4. ^ Bhaskar, SN; Cutright, DE; Knapp, MJ; Beasley, JD; Perez, B; Driskell, TD (1971). "Tissue reaction to intrabony ceramic implants". Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 31 (2): 281-289. PMID 5277379.
  5. ^ Brånemark, Per-Ingvar (1983). "Osseointegration and its experimental background". J Prosthet Dent. 50 (3): 399-410. PMID 6352924.
  6. ^ Leonard, Gary; Coelho, PG; Polyzois, Ioannis; Stassen, Leo; Claffey, Noel (2009). "A study of the bone healing kinetics of plateau versus screw root design titanium dental implants". Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 20 (3): 232-239. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01640.x. PMID 19397634.
  7. ^ Zipprich, H; Weigl, P; Lauer, HC (2009). "Micromovements at the implant-abutment interface: Measurement, causes, and consequences". Implantolgie. 15: 31-45.
  8. ^ Harder, Sonke; Dimaczek, Birka; Acil, Yaha; Terheyden, Hendrik; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra; Kern, Matthias (2010). "Molecular leakage at implant-abutment connection--in vitro investigation of tightness of internal conical implant-abutment connections against endotoxin penetration". Clin Oral Investig. 14 (4): 427-432. doi:10.1007/s00784-009-0317-x. PMID 19629543.
  9. ^ Berberi, Antoine; Tehnini, Georges; Rifai, Khaldoun; Eddine, Farrah Bou Nasser; El Zein, Nabil; Badran, Bassam; Akl, Haidar (2014). "In Vitro Evaluation of Leakage at Implant-Abutment Connection of Three Implant Systems Having the Same Prosthetic Interface Using Rhodamine B". Int J Dent. 1 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1155/2014/351263. PMID 24899896.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ Eriksson, RA; Adell, R (1986). "Temperatures during drilling for the placement of implants using the osseointegration technique". J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 44 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1016/0278-2391(86)90006-6. PMID 3455722.
  11. ^ Iyer, S; Weiss, C; Mehta, A (1997). "Effects of drill speed on heat production and the rate and quality of bone formation in dental implant osteotomies. Part II: Relationship between drill speed and healing". Int J Prosthodont. 10 (6): 536–540. PMID 9495174.
  12. ^ Sharawy, M; Misch, CE; Weller, N; Tehemar, S (2002). "Heat generation during implant drilling: the significance of motor speed". J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 60 (10): 1160–1169. doi:10.1053/joms.2002.34992. PMID 12378492.
  13. ^ Kim, SJ; Yoo, J; Kim, Y-S (2010). "Temperature change in pig rib bone during implant site preparation by low-speed drilling". J. Appl. Oral Sci. 18 (5): 522–527. doi:10.1590/S1678-77572010000500016.
  14. ^ Watson, CJ; Tinsely, D; Ogden, AR; Rusell, JL; Mulay, S; Davidson, EM (1999). "A 3 to 4 year study of single tooth hydroxylapatite coated endosseous dental implants". Br Dent J. 187 (2): 90–94. PMID 10464988.
  15. ^ Cress, Doug. "Bicon: Smallest of the Large Dental Implant Manufacturers". onemedplace. one med market. Retrieved 02 January 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ Venuleo, C; Chuang, SK; Weed, M; Dibart, Serge (2008). "Long term bone level stability on Short Implants: A radiographic follow up study". JMOSI. 7 (3): 340–345.
  17. ^ Urdaneta, RA; Rodriguez, S; McNeil, C; Weed, M; Chuang, S-K (2010). "The effect of increased crown-to-implant ratio on single-tooth locking-taper implants". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 25 (4): 729–743. PMID 20657868.
  18. ^ Sharpe, Rochelle. "Are short implants getting the short shrift?". Dr.Bicuspid.com. Retrieved 01 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  19. ^ a b Urdaneta, Rainier A; Daher, Shadi; Lery, Joseph; Emanuel, Kimberly; Chuang, Sung-Kiang (2011). "Factors associated with crestal bone gain on single-tooth locking-taper implants: the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 26 (5): 1063–1078. PMID 22010091.
  20. ^ Urdaneta, Rainier A; Daher, Shadi; Leary, Joseph; Emanuel, Kimberly M; Chuang, Sung-Kiang (2012). "The survival of ultrashort locking-taper implants". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 27 (3): 644–654. PMID 22616059.
  21. ^ Urdaneta, Rainier A; Leary, Joseph; Lubelski, William; Emanuel, Kimberly M; Chuang, Sung-King (2012). "The effect of implant size 5 × 8 mm on crestal bone levels around single-tooth implants". J Periodontol. 83 (10): 1235–1244. doi:10.1902/jop.2012.110299. PMID 22309172.
  22. ^ a b c d Urdaneta, Rainier A; Seemann, Rudolf; Dragan, Irina-Florentina; Lubelski, William; Leary, Jospeh; Chuang, Sung-Kiang (2014). "A retrospective radiographic study on the effect of natural tooth-implant proximity and an introduction to the concept of a bone-loading platform switch". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 29 (6): 1412–1424. doi:10.11607/jomi.3699. PMID 25397804.
  23. ^ Wolff, Julius (1892). Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. Berlin: Verlag von August Hirschwald. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9783868056488.
  24. ^ Frost, HM (1987). "The mechanostat: a proposed pathogenic mechanism of osteoporoses and the bone mass effects of mechanical and nonmechanical agents". Bone Miner. 2 (2): 73–85. PMID 3333019.
  25. ^ a b Coelho, Paulo G; Bonfante, Estevam A; Marin, Charles; Granato, Rodrigo; Giro, Gabriela; Suzuki, Marcelo (2010). "A human retrieval study of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite-coated plateau root form implants after 2 months to 13 years in function". J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 20 (4): 335–342. PMID 21488826.
  26. ^ a b Gil, Luiz F; Suzuki, Marcelo; Janal, Malyin N; Tovar, Nick; Marin, Charles; Granato, Rodrigo; Bonfante, Estevam A; Jimbo, Ryo; gil, Jose N; Coelho, Paulo G (2014). "Progressive plateau root form dental implant osseointegration: A human retrieval study". J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 00 (B): 1–5. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33311. PMID 25367155.
  27. ^ Chuang, SK; Wei, LJ; Douglass, CW; Dodson, TB (2002). "Risk Factors for Dental Implant Failure: A Strategy for the Analysis of Clustered Failure-time Observations". J Dent Res. 81 (8): 572–577. doi:10.1177/154405910208100814.
  28. ^ Gentile, Michael A; Chuang, Sung-Kiang; Dodson, Thomas B (2005). "Survival estimates and risk factors for failure with 6 x 5.7-mm implants". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 20 (6): 930–937. PMID 16392351.

External links


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