Air sac: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Dino bird h.jpg|thumb|alt=Dino and bird air sacks|Air sacks of the dinosaur ''[[Majungasaurus]]'' and a modern bird]] |
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#REDIRECT [[Pulmonary alveolus]] |
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An air sac is a space within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9–11), with their extinct [[dinosaurian]] relatives showing a great increase in the [[pneumatic|pneumatization]] (presence of air) in their bones.<ref name="romer77"/> [[Theropods]], like ''[[Aerosteon]]'', have many air sacs in the body that are not just in bones, and they can be identified as the more primitive form of modern bird airways.<ref name="sereno08"/> [[Sauropods]] are well known the the amount of air pockets in their bones (especially vertebra), although one theropod, ''[[Deinocheirus]]'', shows a rivalling amount of air pockets.<ref name="nature13874"/> |
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==References== |
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<references> |
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<ref name="romer77">{{cite book|last=Romer|first=A.S.|authorlink=Alfred Sherwood Romer|last2=Parsons|first2=T.S.|year=1977|title=The Vertebrate Body|publisher=Holt-Saunders International|pages=330–334|isbn=0-03-910284-X}}</ref> |
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<ref name="sereno08">{{cite journal|last=Sereno|first=P.C.|authorlink=Paul Sereno|last2=Martinez|first2=R.N.|last3=Wilson|first3=J.A.|last4=Varricchio|first4=D.J.|last5=Alcober|first5=O.A.|last6=Larsson|first6=H.C.E.|year=2008|title=Evidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003303|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=9|pages= e3303|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0003303|pmid=18825273|pmc=2553519|editor1-last=Kemp|editor1-first=Tom|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.3303S}}</ref> |
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<ref name="nature13874">{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=Y.N.|last2=Barsbold|first2=R.|authorlink2=Rinchen Barsbold|last3=Currie|first3=P.J.|authorlink3=Philip J. Currie|last4=Kobayashi|first4=Y.|last5=Lee|first5=H.J.|last6=Godefroit|first6=P.|authorlink6=Pascal Godefroit|last7=Escuillié|first7=F.O.|last8=Chinzorig|first8=T.|year=2014|title=Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur ''Deinocheirus mirificus''|journal=Nature|volume=515|issue=7526|pages=257–260|doi=10.1038/nature13874}}</ref> |
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</references> |
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Revision as of 21:21, 26 December 2014
An air sac is a space within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9–11), with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great increase in the pneumatization (presence of air) in their bones.[1] Theropods, like Aerosteon, have many air sacs in the body that are not just in bones, and they can be identified as the more primitive form of modern bird airways.[2] Sauropods are well known the the amount of air pockets in their bones (especially vertebra), although one theropod, Deinocheirus, shows a rivalling amount of air pockets.[3]
References
- ^ Romer, A.S.; Parsons, T.S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Holt-Saunders International. pp. 330–334. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
- ^ Sereno, P.C.; Martinez, R.N.; Wilson, J.A.; Varricchio, D.J.; Alcober, O.A.; Larsson, H.C.E. (2008). Kemp, Tom (ed.). "Evidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina". PLOS ONE. 3 (9): e3303. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.3303S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003303. PMC 2553519. PMID 18825273.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Lee, Y.N.; Barsbold, R.; Currie, P.J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lee, H.J.; Godefroit, P.; Escuillié, F.O.; Chinzorig, T. (2014). "Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus". Nature. 515 (7526): 257–260. doi:10.1038/nature13874.