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===Methodology===
===Methodology===
URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as [[Web of Science]], InCites, and previously from [[Google scholar]]. URAP used data about 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zehra|first1=Tas|last2=Umut|first2=Al|title=Standardization problem of author affiliations in citation indexes|pages=347–368|doi=10.1007/s11192-013-1004-x}}</ref> It excludes governmental academic institutions, such as the Chinese Academy of Science and the Russian Academy of Science. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. 2000 out of 2500 HEIs were included in the rankings published by URAP.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cokgezen|first1=Murat|title=Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey|journal=Yüksekögretim Dergisi|date=April 6|page=http://www.yuksekogretim.org/Port_Doc/YOD_Preprint_Vol/YOD_2014000002.pdf|doi=10.2399/yod.14.002}}</ref>
URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as [[Web of Science]], InCites, and previously from [[Google scholar]]. URAP used data about 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zehra|first1=Tas|last2=Umut|first2=Al|title=Standardization problem of author affiliations in citation indexes|pages=347–368|doi=10.1007/s11192-013-1004-x}}</ref> It excludes governmental academic institutions, such as the Chinese Academy of Science and the Russian Academy of Science. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. 2000 out of 2500 HEIs were included in the rankings published by URAP.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cokgezen|first1=Murat|title=Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey|journal=Yüksekögretim Dergisi|date=April 6|page=http://www.yuksekogretim.org/Port_Doc/YOD_Preprint_Vol/YOD_2014000002.pdf|doi=10.2399/yod.14.002}}</ref>
Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA<ref>{{cite web|title=ERA 2015|website=http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm}}</ref>
Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA<ref>{{cite web|title=ERA 2015|website=http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bassiliades|first1=Nick|title=Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques|journal=Springer International Publishing Switzerland|date=28 Nov 2014|pages=23–46|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_2}}</ref>


===Indicator===
===Indicator===

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URAP World University Rankings
  • URAP (University Ranking By Academic Performance)
    URAP (University Ranking By Academic Performance)
EditorUral Akbulut
CategoriesHigher education
FrequencyAnnual
PublisherURAP:University Ranking By Academic Performance
CountryTurkey
LanguageEnglish
Website[1]

URAP World University Rankings The University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) laboratory[1] was established in 2010 at METU Middle East Technical University Informatics Institute[2] in an effort to conduct scientific research on university performance evaluation and ranking methodologies. The measurement is applied on data obtained from international bibliographic databases such asWeb of Science and inCites. For global rankings, URAP uses indicators[3] of research performance namely number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total,citation impact total, and international collaboration. In addition to global rankings, URAP publishes regional rankings for universities in Turkey[4] using additional indicators such as the number of students and faculty members obtained from Center of Measuring, Selection and Placement (OSYM) OSYM. URAP’s ranking of Top 2000 World Universities has been annually published since 2010[5][6][7]

History

URAP center was established in 2010 in the Informatics Institute[8] of the Middle East Technical University. URAP began ranking the top 1000 Universities in 6 different scientific areas, namely Engineering, Agriculture/Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Life Sciences, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences using data collected from Google Scholar and Web of Science. In 2013, the field rankings were extended to 23 scientific fields of research based on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification

The most recent version of the world ranking was announced at the Third International URAP Symposium[9], which hold on November 12, 2014 at METU, Ankara, Turkey.

World rankings

[10]

Methodology

URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as Web of Science, InCites, and previously from Google scholar. URAP used data about 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published in 2013.[11] It excludes governmental academic institutions, such as the Chinese Academy of Science and the Russian Academy of Science. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. 2000 out of 2500 HEIs were included in the rankings published by URAP.[12] Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA[13][14]

Indicator

URAP uses 6 main indicator to measure the academic performance. These indicators are number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. The raw bibliometric data underlying URAP’s 6 main indicators have highly skewed distribution. To address this issue, weights have been assigned to each indicator. The Delphi system was conducted with a group of experts to assign weighting scores to the indicators. Total score of 600 is distributed to each indicator. URAP uses additional indicators for ranking universities in Turkey including the number of students and faculty members.

Number of Articles (21%)

is a measure of current scientific productivity which includes articles published in 2013 and indexed by Web of Science and listed in InCites. Article number covers articles, reviews and notes. The weight of this indicator on the overall ranking is %21[15]

Citation (21%)

is a measure of research impact and scored according to the total number of citations received in 2011-2013. The effect of citation on the overall ranking is %21.

Total Document (10%)

is the measure of sustainability and continuity of scientific productivity. The total document count covers all scholarly literature provided by the Web of Science database, including conference papers, reviews, letters, discussions, scripts in addition to journal articles published during 2011-2013. The weight of this indicator is %10.

Article Impact Total (AIT) (18%)

is a measure of scientific productivity adjusted by the ratio of institution’s citation-per-publication (CPP) with the world CPP in 23 subject areas between 2011 and 2013. The ratio of the institution’s CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of publications in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, which is summarized in the following formula:

This indicator aims to adjust the institution’s scientific productivity according to its performance with respect to world CPPs in each field. The weight of this indicator is %18.

Citation Impact Total (CIT) (15%)

is a measure of research impact corrected by the institution’s normalized CPP with respect to the world CPP in 23 subject areas between 2011 and 2013. The ratio of the institution’s CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of citations in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, which is summarized in the following formula:

This indicator aims to adjust the institution’s scientific impact according to its performance with respect to world CPPs in each field. The contribution of this indicator to the overall ranking is %15.

International Collaboration(15%)

is a measure of global acceptance of a university. International collaboration data, which is based on the total number of publications made in collaboration with foreign universities, is obtained from InCites™ for the years 2011-2013. The weight of this indicator is %15 in the overall ranking.

Reception

URAP is listed among the benchmarks for university rankings in the “International Benchmarking in UK Higher Education” 2011 report[reference] of the Higher Education Statistics Agency[16] .

URAP is mentioned as one the four ranking systems that are solely depend on academic performance [reference below]. The other three are Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (Taiwan Rankings, first published 2007), CWTS Leiden rankings (first published 2008), SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR, first published 2009)[17]

The “EUA report on ranking” [reference below] report publued in 2013 mentions that URAP fills the gap in the ranking market by ranking 2000 universities which is considerably higher than other rankings [18]and [19]

The results of URAP are accepted reliable as the ranking takes the international bibliometric databases as input[20] However, URAP is used only for researh-oriented measuremets as it only considers research performance excluding indicators of teaching in research articles and conference papers URAP ranking resluts are recognized and used by many univrsitie sto indicate their academic performance. Some exaples of these universities are:

Overall rankings

Rankings by field

Ranking by country

Ranking by Region

Criticism

The indicators used in URAP are absolute values and size-dependent making it biased towards large universities [reference]. (http://kisefront01.ki.se/sites/default/files/eua_global_university_rankings_and_their_impact_report_ii.pdf) It also excludes publication in books and under-represents the social sciences. The indicators involving the number of publication and citations are not field-normalized as a result it is skewed towards natural sciences and medicine[same reference].

See also

Further reading

Notes and references

  1. ^ URAP. "University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP)". http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ^ "Informatics Institute". http://ii.metu.edu.tr/. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. ^ "Ranking Indicators". http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/methodology.php?q=3. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  4. ^ ERGUVAN, Deniz. "Perceptions of Academics towards the Impact of Foundation Universities on Turkish Higher Education" (PDF). Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice: 153–160.
  5. ^ "2014 URAP Word Ranking". http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  6. ^ Nisel, Seyhan (May 2013). "Using VIKOR Methodology for Ranking Universities by Academic Performance". GSTF Journal of Mathematics. 2 (1). doi:DOI: 10.5176/2251-3388_2.1.37. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check |doi= value (help)
  7. ^ Alasehir, Oguzhan; Cakır, Murat Perit; Acarturk, Cengiz; Baykal, Nazife; Akbulut, Ural (2014). "URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance". Scientometrics: 159–178. doi:10.1007/s11192-014-1333-4.
  8. ^ Informatics Institute. http://ii.metu.edu.tr/. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  9. ^ "Urap 2014 Symposium". http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/urap2014_sempozyum.php. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ Moskovkin, Vlademir M; Sizyoongo, Munenge; Balabanova, Tatyana V; Tonkov, Evgeny E (2014). "Comparative Analysis of the National Scientific and Educational Systems of Sub—Saharan African Countries with the Help of Open Access Sources" (PDF). Medwell Journals. doi:1158-1162. 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
  11. ^ Zehra, Tas; Umut, Al. "Standardization problem of author affiliations in citation indexes": 347–368. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1004-x. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Cokgezen, Murat (April 6). "Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey". Yüksekögretim Dergisi: http://www.yuksekogretim.org/Port_Doc/YOD_Preprint_Vol/YOD_2014000002.pdf. doi:10.2399/yod.14.002. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "ERA 2015". http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  14. ^ Bassiliades, Nick (28 Nov 2014). "Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques". Springer International Publishing Switzerland: 23–46. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_2.
  15. ^ Kutlar, Aziz; Kabasakal, Ali; Ekici, Mehmet Sena (2013). "Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period". Scientometrics: 639–658. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-0973-0.
  16. ^ "Higher Education Statistics Agency". https://www.hesa.ac.uk/pr167. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  17. ^ Nethal & Jen (11 Jul 2014). "World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling". 36 (5): 471-482. doi:10.1080/1360080X.2014.936090. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ Global University Rankings And Their Impact Report (PDF).
  19. ^ Rauhvargers, Andrejs (March 2014). "Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments". European Journal of Education. 49 (1): 29–44. doi:DOI: 10.1111/ejed.12066. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
  20. ^ Global University Rankings And Their Impact Report (PDF).
  • Urap (University Ranking by Academic Performance)

http://www.urapcenter.org

  • Dictionary

http://acronymsandslang.com/definition/1123097/URAP-meaning.html

  • Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_and_university_rankings

  • Free dictionary

http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/University+Ranking+by+Academic+Performance

  • IREG observatory

http://www.ireg-observatory.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=405&Itemid=1

  • Ranking observatory

https://gpaq.upc.edu/ranquings/?op=mostrar_poster&idioma=en

  • Blog on Irish universities:

http://9thlevel.ie/university-rankings/

  • Conference

10th International Conference, ICTERI 2014: http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642357367

  • News

Sözcü http://www.sozcu.com.tr/egitim/turkiyeden-4-universite-ilk-500de.html]
Anadolu Agency (AA): http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/egitim/443042--turkiyenin-yuz-aki-oldular
NTV http://www.ntv.com.tr/arsiv/id/25410228
Hurriyet http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/egitim/27866574.asp
Sabah http://www.sabah.com.tr/egitim/2014/12/31/turkiyenin-yuz-aki-10-universite

  • World universities

University of Gothenburg: http://medarbetarportalen.gu.se/digitalAssets/1450/1450353_rankings_directory_gamma20130516.pdf
Baku State University: http://press.bsu.edu.az/en/news/bsu_has_improved_its_position_among_the_worlds_top_2000_institutions_of_higher_education
Islamic Azad University: http://www.intl.iau.ir/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=186:the-iau-ranked-2nd-in-iran-and-226th-in-the-world-ranking-by-urap&catid=78&Itemid=573
University of Johannesburg: http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Newsroom/News/Pages/UJ%27s-academic-excellence-evident-in-latest-URAP-ranking.aspx
University of Pecs: http://pte.hu/english/rankings
University of Barcelona: http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/menu_eines/noticies/2013/04/096.html http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/universitat/la_ub_avui/ranquings/fitxes_rankings/urap.html
Newcastle University: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/assets/documents/Newcastle-University-Rankings-Profile.pdf
Geosciences and Physics at Mainz University: http://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/17766_ENG_HTML.php
Mahidol University of Thailand:
http://stang.sc.mahidol.ac.th/eng/research/ranking.htm
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona: http://www.uab.cat/web/newsroom/news-detail/the-uab-moves-up-32-positions-in-the-urap-ranking-of-scientific-productivity--1345668003610.html?noticiaid=1345678306989
Seoul National University: http://www.useoul.edu/global-standing
Seoul National University: http://www.snu.ac.kr/global/ranking
University of Calgary: http://www.ucalgary.ca/news/files/news/13-UNV-003-AnnualReport-digital.pdf
University of Pittsburgh http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/university-pittsburgh-ranks-no-22-globally-scholarly-publications
Griffith University: http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/566899/vc-council-report-dec-2013.pdf
Valancia University: http://www.uv.es/uvweb/analysis-programming-service/en/statistics-indicators/ranking/internationals/urap-1285899462810.html
University College of Dublin: http://www.ucd.ie/news/2014/02FEB14/270214-UCD-ranked-in-top-in-top-200-for-22-subjects-out-of-30-categories-in-QS-World-University-Rankings.html
Universite de Lausanne: http://www.unil.ch/international/en/home/menuinst/classements.html Tehran University of Medical Sciences: http://publicrelations.tums.ac.ir/english/news/detail.asp?newsID=22213

  • Turkish Universities:

Istanbul Technical University: http://itu24.com/haber/itu-turkiyenin-en-iyi-8-inci-universitesi-secildi-878
Hacettepe University: http://www.tanitimyeni.hacettepe.edu.tr/
Adıyaman University: http://adiyaman.edu.tr/TR/Haberler/Universiteden-Haberler/Universitemiz-Dunya-Universitesi-Olma-Yolunda-1195
Dogus University: http://www.dogus.edu.tr/tr/haberler/haber_detay.asp?id=3547
Ozyegin University: http://www.ozyegin.edu.tr/Haberler-ve-Duyurular/Haberler/Ozyegin-2000den-Sonra-Kurulan-Universiteler-Sira
Sinop University: http://www.sinop.edu.tr/dhe.aspx?web=Haberler&id=326
TOBB University: http://www.etu.edu.tr/c/news107.html
Selcuk University: http://www.makina.selcuk.edu.tr/icerik/urap_universiteleri_performansa_gore_siraladi/296
Atılım University: http://atilim.edu.tr/urap-alan-siralamalari-matematik-dali
Erciyes University: http://www.erciyes.edu.tr/tr/dhaberlerrss.asp?eru_rss_id=926
Dumlupinar University faculty of fine arts: http://haber.dpu.edu.tr/en/haber_oku/54058606f01d5/university-ranking-by-academic-performance-urap

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