Gene cassette: Difference between revisions
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== Integrons == |
== Integrons == |
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{{Main|Integron}} |
{{Main|Integron}} |
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Integrons are genetic structures in [[bacteria]] which express and are capable of acquiring and exchanging gene cassettes. |
Integrons are genetic structures in [[bacteria]] which express and are capable of acquiring and exchanging gene cassettes. The integron consists of a [[promoter (biology)|promoter], an attachment site, and an [[integrase]] gene that encodes a [[Site-specific recombination|site-specific]] [[recombinase]]<ref name="pmid24367362">{{cite journal | author=Rapa RA, Labbate M | title=The function of integron-associated gene cassettes in Vibrio species: the tip of the iceberg | journal= [[Frontiers Media|FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY]] | volume=4 | year=2013 | pages=385 | url=http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00385/full | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2013.00385 | pmc=3856429 | pmid=24367362 }}</ref> The mobile units that insert into integrons are gene cassettes.<ref name="pmid24367362" /> For cassettes that carry a single gene without a promoter, the entire series of cassettes is [[transcription (genetics)|transcribed]] from an adjacent promoter. The gene cassettes are speculated to be inserted and excised via a circular intermediate. This would involve recombination between short sequences found at their termini and known as 59 base elements (59-be) - which may not be 59 bases long. The 59-be are a diverse family of sequences that function as recognition sites for the site-specific integrase (enzyme responsible for integrating the gene cassette into an integron). |
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== Genetic engineering == |
== Genetic engineering == |
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Revision as of 21:15, 22 August 2016
A gene cassette is a type of mobile genetic element that contains a gene and a recombination site. They may exist incorporated into an integron or freely as circular DNA.[1] Gene cassettes often carry antibiotic resistance genes. An example would be the kanMX cassette which confers kanamycin (an antibiotic) resistance upon bacteria.
Integrons
Integrons are genetic structures in bacteria which express and are capable of acquiring and exchanging gene cassettes. The integron consists of a [[promoter (biology)|promoter], an attachment site, and an integrase gene that encodes a site-specific recombinase[2] The mobile units that insert into integrons are gene cassettes.[2] For cassettes that carry a single gene without a promoter, the entire series of cassettes is transcribed from an adjacent promoter. The gene cassettes are speculated to be inserted and excised via a circular intermediate. This would involve recombination between short sequences found at their termini and known as 59 base elements (59-be) - which may not be 59 bases long. The 59-be are a diverse family of sequences that function as recognition sites for the site-specific integrase (enzyme responsible for integrating the gene cassette into an integron).
Genetic engineering
In genetic engineering, a gene cassette is a manipulable fragment of DNA carrying, and capable of expressing, one or more genes of interest between one or more sets of restriction sites. It can be transferred from one DNA sequence (usually on a vector) to another by 'cutting' the fragment out using restriction enzymes and 'pasting' it back into the new context.
See also
References
- ^ Hall, RM; Collis, CM (1995). "Mobile gene cassettes and integrons: Capture and spread of genes by site-specific recombination". Molecular Microbiology. 15 (4): 593–600. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02368.x. PMID 7783631.
- ^ a b Rapa RA, Labbate M (2013). "The function of integron-associated gene cassettes in Vibrio species: the tip of the iceberg". FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. 4: 385. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00385. PMC 3856429. PMID 24367362.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Stokes, H.W.; et al. (Nov 1997). "Structure and function of 59-base element recombination sites associated with mobile gene cassettes". Mol Microbiol. 26 (4): 731–45. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.6091980.x. PMID 9427403.
- Partridge, S; Tsafnat, G; Coiera, E; Iredell, J (2009). "Gene cassettes and cassette arrays in mobile resistance integrons". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 33 (4): 757–784. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00175.x.
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