Mass cytometry: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Mass cytometer.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|[[DVS Sciences]] CyTOF mass cytometer.]] |
[[File:Mass cytometer.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|[[DVS Sciences]] CyTOF mass cytometer.]] |
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'''Mass cytometry''' is a [[mass spectrometry]] technique based on [[inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry|inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry]] used for the determination of the properties of cells ([[cytometry]]).<ref name=Bandura>{{cite journal|last=Bandura|first=DR|author2=Baranov VI |author3=Ornatsky OI |author4=Antonov A |author5=Kinach R |author6=Lou X |author7=Pavlov S |author8=Vorobiev S |author9=Dick JE |author10=Tanner SD |title=Mass Cytometry: Technique for Real Time Single Cell Multitarget Immunoassay Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry|journal=Analytical Chemistry|year=2009|volume=81|issue=16|pages=6813–6822|doi=10.1021/ac901049w}}</ref><ref name="Di PalmaBodenmiller2015">{{cite journal|last1=Di Palma|first1=Serena|last2=Bodenmiller|first2=Bernd|title=Unraveling cell populations in tumors by single-cell mass cytometry|journal=Current Opinion in Biotechnology|volume=31|year=2015|pages=122–129|issn=0958-1669|doi=10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.004}}</ref> In this approach, antibodies are |
'''Mass cytometry''' is a [[mass spectrometry]] technique based on [[inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry|inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry]] used for the determination of the properties of cells ([[cytometry]]).<ref name=Bandura>{{cite journal|last=Bandura|first=DR|author2=Baranov VI |author3=Ornatsky OI |author4=Antonov A |author5=Kinach R |author6=Lou X |author7=Pavlov S |author8=Vorobiev S |author9=Dick JE |author10=Tanner SD |title=Mass Cytometry: Technique for Real Time Single Cell Multitarget Immunoassay Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry|journal=Analytical Chemistry|year=2009|volume=81|issue=16|pages=6813–6822|doi=10.1021/ac901049w}}</ref><ref name="Di PalmaBodenmiller2015">{{cite journal|last1=Di Palma|first1=Serena|last2=Bodenmiller|first2=Bernd|title=Unraveling cell populations in tumors by single-cell mass cytometry|journal=Current Opinion in Biotechnology|volume=31|year=2015|pages=122–129|issn=0958-1669|doi=10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.004}}</ref> In this approach, antibodies are [[Conjugated protein|conjugated]] with [[Isotope|isotopically pure elements]], and these antibodies are used to label cellular proteins. Cells are [[nebulize]]d and sent through an [[argon]] [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]], which ionizes the metal-conjugated antibodies. The metal signals are then analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The approach overcomes limitations of spectral overlap that limit [[flow cytometry]] by utilizing discrete isotopes as a reporter system instead of traditional [[Fluorophore|fluorophores]] which have broad emission spectra. |
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==Commercialization== |
==Commercialization== |
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Tagging technology and instrument development occurred at the University of Toronto and DVS Sciences, Inc.<ref name=Bandura /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ornatsky|first=O|author2=Bandura D |author3=Baranov V |author4=Nitz M |author5=Winnick MA |author6=Tanner S |title=Highly multiparametric analysis by mass cytometry|journal=Journal of Immunological Methods|date=30 September 2010|volume=361|issue=1-2|pages=1–20|doi=10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.002|pmid=20655312}}</ref> CyTOF (Cytometry by Time of Flight) was initially commercialized by DVS Sciences in 2009. In 2014, Fluidigm acquired DVS Sciences <ref>{{Cite web|title = Fluidigm {{!}} Press Releases {{!}} FLUIDIGM TO ACQUIRE DVS SCIENCES|url = https://www.fluidigm.com/press/fluidigm-to-acquire-dvs-sciences|website = www.fluidigm.com|accessdate = 2015-11-11}}</ref> to become a reference company in single cell technology.<ref name="Fluidigm-DVS letter">{{cite web|publisher=Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc.|title=An Open Letter to Customers of Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc.|url=http://www.dvssciences.com/uploads/Open_Letter_to_Customers_Feb_13_2014.pdf|date=13 February 2014|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> The CyTOF, CyTOF2 and Helios (CyTOF3) have been commercialized up to now. |
Tagging technology and instrument development occurred at the University of Toronto and DVS Sciences, Inc.<ref name=Bandura /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ornatsky|first=O|author2=Bandura D |author3=Baranov V |author4=Nitz M |author5=Winnick MA |author6=Tanner S |title=Highly multiparametric analysis by mass cytometry|journal=Journal of Immunological Methods|date=30 September 2010|volume=361|issue=1-2|pages=1–20|doi=10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.002|pmid=20655312}}</ref> CyTOF (Cytometry by Time of Flight) was initially commercialized by DVS Sciences in 2009. In 2014, Fluidigm acquired DVS Sciences <ref>{{Cite web|title = Fluidigm {{!}} Press Releases {{!}} FLUIDIGM TO ACQUIRE DVS SCIENCES|url = https://www.fluidigm.com/press/fluidigm-to-acquire-dvs-sciences|website = www.fluidigm.com|accessdate = 2015-11-11}}</ref> to become a reference company in single cell technology.<ref name="Fluidigm-DVS letter">{{cite web|publisher=Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc.|title=An Open Letter to Customers of Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc.|url=http://www.dvssciences.com/uploads/Open_Letter_to_Customers_Feb_13_2014.pdf|date=13 February 2014|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> The CyTOF, CyTOF2, and Helios (CyTOF3) have been commercialized up to now. Fluidigm sells a variety of commonly used metal-antibody conjugates, and an antibody conjugation kit. |
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==Data analysis== |
==Data analysis== |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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Mass cytometry has research applications in medical fields including [[immunology]], [[hematology]], and [[oncology]]. It has been used in studies of [[hematopoiesis]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, ((Amir El-ad D)), Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe'er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP |title=Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum |journal=Science |volume=332 |issue=6030 |pages=687–96 |year=2011 |pmid=21551058 |pmc=3273988 |doi=10.1126/science.1198704}}</ref> [[cell cycle]], cytokine expression, and differential signaling responses. |
Mass cytometry has research applications in medical fields including [[immunology]], [[hematology]], and [[oncology]]. It has been used in studies of [[hematopoiesis]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, ((Amir El-ad D)), Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe'er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP |title=Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum |journal=Science |volume=332 |issue=6030 |pages=687–96 |year=2011 |pmid=21551058 |pmc=3273988 |doi=10.1126/science.1198704}}</ref> [[cell cycle]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Behbehani|first=Gregory K.|last2=Bendall|first2=Sean C.|last3=Clutter|first3=Matthew R.|last4=Fantl|first4=Wendy J.|last5=Nolan|first5=Garry P.|date=2012-07-01|title=Single-cell mass cytometry adapted to measurements of the cell cycle|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693166|journal=Cytometry. Part A: The Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology|volume=81|issue=7|pages=552–566|doi=10.1002/cyto.a.22075|issn=1552-4930|pmc=PMC3667754|pmid=22693166}}</ref> cytokine expression, and differential signaling responses. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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Revision as of 04:20, 13 February 2017
Mass cytometry is a mass spectrometry technique based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry used for the determination of the properties of cells (cytometry).[1][2] In this approach, antibodies are conjugated with isotopically pure elements, and these antibodies are used to label cellular proteins. Cells are nebulized and sent through an argon plasma, which ionizes the metal-conjugated antibodies. The metal signals are then analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The approach overcomes limitations of spectral overlap that limit flow cytometry by utilizing discrete isotopes as a reporter system instead of traditional fluorophores which have broad emission spectra.
Commercialization
Tagging technology and instrument development occurred at the University of Toronto and DVS Sciences, Inc.[1][3] CyTOF (Cytometry by Time of Flight) was initially commercialized by DVS Sciences in 2009. In 2014, Fluidigm acquired DVS Sciences [4] to become a reference company in single cell technology.[5] The CyTOF, CyTOF2, and Helios (CyTOF3) have been commercialized up to now. Fluidigm sells a variety of commonly used metal-antibody conjugates, and an antibody conjugation kit.
Data analysis
Mass cytometry data is recorded in tables that list, for each cell, the signal detected per channel, which is proportional to the number of antibodies tagged with the corresponding channel's isotope bound to that cell. These data are formatted as FCS files, which are compatible with traditional flow cytometry software. Due to the high-dimensional nature of mass cytometry data, novel data analysis tools have been developed as well.[6]
Applications
Mass cytometry has research applications in medical fields including immunology, hematology, and oncology. It has been used in studies of hematopoiesis,[7] cell cycle,[8] cytokine expression, and differential signaling responses.
Development
High efficiency cell introduction system (HECIS) has been recently developed.[9]
References
- ^ a b Bandura, DR; Baranov VI; Ornatsky OI; Antonov A; Kinach R; Lou X; Pavlov S; Vorobiev S; Dick JE; Tanner SD (2009). "Mass Cytometry: Technique for Real Time Single Cell Multitarget Immunoassay Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 81 (16): 6813–6822. doi:10.1021/ac901049w.
- ^ Di Palma, Serena; Bodenmiller, Bernd (2015). "Unraveling cell populations in tumors by single-cell mass cytometry". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 31: 122–129. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.004. ISSN 0958-1669.
- ^ Ornatsky, O; Bandura D; Baranov V; Nitz M; Winnick MA; Tanner S (30 September 2010). "Highly multiparametric analysis by mass cytometry". Journal of Immunological Methods. 361 (1–2): 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.002. PMID 20655312.
- ^ "Fluidigm | Press Releases | FLUIDIGM TO ACQUIRE DVS SCIENCES". www.fluidigm.com. Retrieved 2015-11-11.
- ^ "An Open Letter to Customers of Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc" (PDF). Fluidigm and DVS Sciences, Inc. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ^ Krishnaswamy, Smita; Spitzer, Matthew; Mingueneau, Michael; Bendall, Sean; Litvin, Oren; Stone, Erica; Pe'er, Dana; Nolan, Garry (28 Nov 2014). "Conditional density-based analysis of T cell signaling in single-cell data". Science. 346 (6213): 1250689. doi:10.1126/science.1250689. PMID 25342659.
- ^ Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, Amir El-ad D, Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe'er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP (2011). "Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum". Science. 332 (6030): 687–96. doi:10.1126/science.1198704. PMC 3273988. PMID 21551058.
- ^ Behbehani, Gregory K.; Bendall, Sean C.; Clutter, Matthew R.; Fantl, Wendy J.; Nolan, Garry P. (2012-07-01). "Single-cell mass cytometry adapted to measurements of the cell cycle". Cytometry. Part A: The Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology. 81 (7): 552–566. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22075. ISSN 1552-4930. PMC 3667754. PMID 22693166.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Miyashita, Shin-ichi; Groombridge, Alexander S.; Fujii, Shin-ichiro; Minoda, Ayumi; Takatsu, Akiko; Hioki, Akiharu; Chibaa, Koichi; Inagakia, Kazumi (20 May 2014). "Highly efficient single-cell analysis of microbial cells by time-resolved inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 7 (22): 3239–47. doi:10.1039/C4JA00040D. Retrieved 3 July 2014.