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| familia = [[Theridiidae]]
| familia = [[Theridiidae]]
| genus = '''''Spintharus'''''
| genus = '''''Spintharus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz|Hentz]], 1850
| genus_authority = [[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz|Hentz]], 1850<ref name="Hentz, 1850" />
| diversity_link = List of Theridiidae species#Spintharus
| diversity_link = <!---List of Theridiidae species#Spintharus--->
| diversity = 3 species
| diversity = 17 extant species; 1 fossil species
| range_map =
| range_map =
| range_map_width = 250px
| range_map_width = 250px
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| subdivision =
| subdivision =
See text.
See text.
| type_species=''[[Spintharus flavidus]]''
| type_species_authority=Hentz, 1850
}}
}}


The spider genus '''''Spintharus''''' occurs from the northeastern United States to [[Brazil]], with one species found in [[Pakistan]].
The spider genus '''''Spintharus''''' occurs from the northeastern United States to [[Brazil]]. [[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz]] [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] the genus in 1850, initally as a [[monospecific]] genus containing his newly [[species description|described]] species ''S. flavidus''.<ref name="Hentz, 1850" />


It is very similar to the genus ''[[Thwaitesia]]'', and both are similar to ''[[Episinus]]''. Unlike ''[[Argyrodes]]'', they have two setae in place of a [[colulus]].
It is very similar to the genus ''[[Thwaitesia]]'', and both are similar to ''[[Episinus]]''. Unlike ''[[Argyrodes]]'', they have two setae in place of a [[colulus]].
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Females of ''S. gracilis'' are 3.7mm long, males 2.3mm.
Females of ''S. gracilis'' are 3.7mm long, males 2.3mm.

A revision of the genus by {{ill|Ingi Agnarsson|nl}} and colleagues in 2017 included the description of fifteen new species, as well as the removal of ''S. argenteus''.<ref name="Agnarsson et al., 2017" /> Some of the new [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]]s were named in honor of political figures, artists, and celebrities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guarino|first1=Ben|title=Meet Bernie Sanders’s new namesake: A spider from Cuba|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/09/26/meet-bernie-sanderss-new-namesake-a-spider-from-cuba/?utm_term=.e325574118a4|work=Washington Post|date=26 September 2017}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
[[File:Spintharus.flavidus.female.lateral.svg|thumb|female ''S. flavidus'' (w/o legs)]]
[[File:Spintharus.flavidus.female.lateral.svg|thumb|female ''S. flavidus'' (w/o legs)]]


* ''[[Spintharus argenteus]]'' Dyal, 1935 (Pakistan)
* ''[[Spintharus flavidus]]'' {{small|Hentz, 1850}} (USA to Bolivia, Brazil)
* ''[[Spintharus flavidus]]'' Hentz, 1850 (USA to Bolivia, Brazil)
* ''[[Spintharus gracilis]]'' {{small|Keyserling, 1886}} (Brazil)
* ''[[Spintharus gracilis]]'' Keyserling, 1886 (Brazil)
* ''[[Spintharus davidattenboroughi]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Van Patten, 2017}} (Jamaica)
* ''[[Spintharus barackobamai]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Van Patten, 2017}} (Cuba)
* ''[[Spintharus michelleobamaae]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Sargeant, 2017}} (Cuba)
* ''[[Spintharus berniesandersi]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Sargeant, 2017}} (Cuba)
* ''[[Spintharus leonardodicaprioi]]'' {{small|Van Patten & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Dominican Republic)
* ''[[Spintharus davidbowiei]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Chomitz, 2017}} (Mexico)
* ''[[Spintharus ralli]]'' {{small|Chomitz & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis)
* ''[[Spintharus frosti]]'' {{small|Van Patten & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Dominican Republic)
* ''[[Spintharus skelly]]'' {{small|Van Patten & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Dominican Republic)
* ''[[Spintharus giraldoalayoni]]'' {{small|Agnarsson & Chomitz, 2017}} (Cuba)
* ''[[Spintharus dayleae]]'' {{small|Sargeant & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Saint Lucia, Grenada)
* ''[[Spintharus goodbreadae]]'' {{small|Chomitz & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Cuba)
* ''[[Spintharus jesselaueri]]'' {{small|Sargeant & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Dominica)
* ''[[Spintharus greerae]]'' {{small|Sargeant & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Mexico)
* ''[[Spintharus manrayi]]'' {{small|Chomitz & Agnarsson, 2017}} (Cuba)

===Fossil species===
* {{extinct}} ''[[Spintharus longisoma]]'' {{small|Wunderlich, 1988}} ([[Dominican amber]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dunlop|first1=J. A.|last2=Penny|first2=D.|last3=Jekel|first3=D.|title=A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives|url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/fossils/Fossils18.0.pdf|website=World Spider Catalog|publisher=Natural History Museum Bern|accessdate=28 September 2017|date=2017|version=18.5}}</ref>

===Former species===
* ''[[Spintharus argenteus]]'' {{small|Dyal, 1935}} (Pakistan)
** Ingi Agnarsson and colleagues argued to be a ''[[nomen dubium]]'' or at the very least misplaced in this genus saying it might belong in the family [[Tetragnathidae]].<ref name="Agnarsson et al., 2017" /><ref name="Dziki et al., 2015">{{cite journal|last1=Dziki|first1=Austin|last2=Binford|first2=Greta J.|last3=Coddington|first3=Jonathan A.|last4=Agnarsson|first4=Ingi|title=''Spintharus flavidus'' in the Caribbean—a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a ‘widespread species’|journal=PeerJ|date=2015|volume=3|pages=e1422|doi=10.7717/peerj.1422|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Agnarsson et al., 2017">{{cite journal|last1=Agnarsson|first1=Ingi|last2=Van Patten|first2=Chloe|last3=Sargeant|first3=Lily|last4=Chomitz|first4=Ben|last5=Dziki|first5=Austin|last6=Binford|first6=Greta J.|title=A radiation of the ornate Caribbean ‘smiley-faced spiders’, with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, ''Spintharus'')|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=26 September 2017|volume=zlx056|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056/4222834/A-radiation-of-the-ornate-Caribbean-smiley-faced}}</ref>
<ref name="Hentz, 1850">{{cite journal|last1=Hentz|first1=Nicholas Marcellus|title=Descriptions and Figures of the Araneides of the United States|journal=Boston Journal of Natural History|date=1850|volume=6|issue=2|pages=283–284|url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32406970|postscript=; [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32406987 Pl. 10], Fig. 8.}}</ref>
}}
* Levi, H.W. (1963). The American Spider Genera ''Spintharus'' and ''Thwaitesia'' (Araneae: Theridiidae). ''[[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]]'' 70:223-234 [http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/70/70-223.pdf PDF]
* Levi, H.W. (1963). The American Spider Genera ''Spintharus'' and ''Thwaitesia'' (Araneae: Theridiidae). ''[[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]]'' 70:223-234 [http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/70/70-223.pdf PDF]



==External links==
{{commons}}
{{commons}}

{{taxobar}}


[[Category:Theridiidae]]
[[Category:Theridiidae]]
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[[Category:Spiders of North America]]
[[Category:Spiders of North America]]
[[Category:Spiders of South America]]
[[Category:Spiders of South America]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]


{{Theridiidae-stub}}
{{Theridiidae-stub}}

Revision as of 03:20, 28 September 2017

Spintharus
S. flavidus from Maryland
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Araneae
Suborder:
Araneomorphae
Family:
Theridiidae
Genus:
Spintharus

Hentz, 1850[1]
Type species
Spintharus flavidus
Hentz, 1850
Species

See text.

Diversity
17 extant species; 1 fossil species

The spider genus Spintharus occurs from the northeastern United States to Brazil. Nicholas Marcellus Hentz circumscribed the genus in 1850, initally as a monospecific genus containing his newly described species S. flavidus.[1]

It is very similar to the genus Thwaitesia, and both are similar to Episinus. Unlike Argyrodes, they have two setae in place of a colulus.

Specimens of S. flavidus are variable in structure. Only some have an elevated eye region or humps on the anterior of the abdomen.

Females of S. gracilis are 3.7mm long, males 2.3mm.

A revision of the genus by Ingi Agnarsson [nl] and colleagues in 2017 included the description of fifteen new species, as well as the removal of S. argenteus.[2] Some of the new specific names were named in honor of political figures, artists, and celebrities.[3]

Species

female S. flavidus (w/o legs)

Fossil species

Former species

References

  1. ^ a b Hentz, Nicholas Marcellus (1850). "Descriptions and Figures of the Araneides of the United States". Boston Journal of Natural History. 6 (2): 283–284; Pl. 10, Fig. 8. {{cite journal}}: External link in |postscript= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  2. ^ a b Agnarsson, Ingi; Van Patten, Chloe; Sargeant, Lily; Chomitz, Ben; Dziki, Austin; Binford, Greta J. (26 September 2017). "A radiation of the ornate Caribbean 'smiley-faced spiders', with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlx056. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056.
  3. ^ Guarino, Ben (26 September 2017). "Meet Bernie Sanders's new namesake: A spider from Cuba". Washington Post.
  4. ^ Dunlop, J. A.; Penny, D.; Jekel, D. (2017). "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives" (PDF). World Spider Catalog. 18.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  5. ^ Dziki, Austin; Binford, Greta J.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Agnarsson, Ingi (2015). "Spintharus flavidus in the Caribbean—a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a 'widespread species'". PeerJ. 3: e1422. doi:10.7717/peerj.1422.
  • Levi, H.W. (1963). The American Spider Genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae: Theridiidae). Psyche 70:223-234 PDF


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